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Fan R, Sun W, Li C, Chen Y, Xie H, Gao Y, Ma Y, Peng Z, Huang Z, Yin R, Pei F, Zhou W, Wu Y, Liu H, Li K, Song T, Zou D, Zai H, Li H, Chen Q, Wang Q, Zhou H. Physically and Chemically Stable Molybdenum-Based Composite Electrodes for p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309844. [PMID: 38227203 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered much attention in recent years. Despite the remarkable advancements in PSCs utilizing traditional metal electrodes, challenges such as stability concerns and elevated costs have necessitated the exploration of innovative electrode designs to facilitate industrial commercialization. Herein, a physically and chemically stable molybdenum (Mo) electrode is developed to fundamentally tackle the instability factors introduced by electrodes. The combined spatially resolved element analyses and theoretical study demonstrate the high diffusion barrier of Mo ions within the device. Structural and morphology characterization also reveals the negligible plastic deformation and halide-metal reaction during aging when Mo is in contact with perovskite (PVSK). The electrode/underlayer junction is further stabilized by a thin seed layer of titanium (Ti) to improve Mo film's uniformity and adhesion. Based on a corresponding p-i-n PSCs (ITO/PTAA/PVSK/C60/SnO2/ITO/Ti/Mo), the champion sample could deliver an efficiency of 22.25%, which is among the highest value for PSCs based on Mo electrodes. Meanwhile, the device shows negligible performance decay after 2000 h operation, and retains 91% of the initial value after 1300 h at 50-60 °C. In summary, the multilayer Mo electrode opens an effective avenue to all-round stable electrode design in high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Congmeng Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Xie
- Institute of Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advance Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zongyang Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huifen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kailin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dechun Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huachao Zai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Li W, Wu C, Han X. Controlling Molecular Orientation of Small Molecular Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Materials: Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073076. [PMID: 37049838 PMCID: PMC10095671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great potential for future application. However, the commercialization of PSCs is limited by the prohibitively expensive and doped hole-transport materials (HTMs). In this regard, small molecular dopant-free HTMs are promising alternatives because of their low cost and high efficiency. However, these HTMs still have a lot of space for making further progress in both efficiency and stability. This review firstly provides outlining analyses about the important roles of molecular orientation when further enhancements in device efficiency and stability are concerned. Then, currently studied strategies to control molecular orientation in small molecular HTMs are presented. Finally, we propose an outlook aiming to obtain optimized molecular orientation in a cost-effective way.
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