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Wang J, Huang L, Guo T, Liu Z, Xu H, Yang H, Liu L, Feng G, Zhang L. A self-powered sandwich-structured scaffold with dual-electroactive properties to regenerate damaged intervertebral discs after discectomy. J Mater Chem B 2025; 13:5389-5402. [PMID: 40237326 DOI: 10.1039/d5tb00100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Discectomy is the most commonly used surgery in treating herniation-induced nerve compression, but it often destroys the structural integrity and leaves a defect in the intervertebral disc (IVD), leading to re-herniation risk. Considering that electric signals play a crucial role in tissue regeneration, a dual-electroactive scaffold was fabricated to promote the repair effect of the discectomy-left IVD defect. An electroconductive scaffold (G10) was 3D-printed firstly by doping graphene to form electro-osmotic networks in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix, then tetragonal barium titanate (T-BT) doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous membranes (B5) with piezoelectricity were electrospun on both the upper and lower surfaces of G10 to obtain a sandwich-structured scaffold (G10B5) with both piezoelectric and electroconductive activities. The in vitro experimental results confirmed that the dual-electroactive G10B5 scaffold could well mimic the electroconductive properties of natural IVDs and harvest ambient mechanical energy to produce electrical stimuli, thus recruiting surrounding stem cells. Following implantation in defective IVDs of rats, the dual-electroactive scaffolds could effectively decrease the loss of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and maintain the composite cartilage structure of IVDs. The dual-electroactive scaffold with a sandwich structure is proposed here to provide a novel strategy for treating the IVD defects after discectomy and broaden the application of electroactive biomaterials in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Leizhen Huang
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Huilun Xu
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Limin Liu
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Ganjun Feng
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical Testing Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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2
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Lin XW, Gajula P, Luo XS, Zhao M, Zhao XB, Fan Y. Piezoelectric properties improvement in soft membrane with wet-spinning prepared barium titanate/polyvinylidenefluoride composites fiber. Sci Rep 2025; 15:12887. [PMID: 40234571 PMCID: PMC12000348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric composite materials have demonstrated significant potential for developing high-performance wearable sensors. However, optimizing the piezoelectric output performance in polymer-based devices remains challenging due to the suboptimal synergy between the piezoelectric reinforcement phase and substrate materials. Moreover, the instability of response signals further hampers the sensor's practical utility. In this investigation, wet-spinning technology was applied to fabricate a novel Barium Titanate (BaTiO3)/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite fiber. Through this approach, we enhanced the piezoelectric properties of the material. Notably, our electron diffraction analysis revealed compelling lattice deformations in the ceramic particle-polymer interface, yielding significant enhancements in the piezoelectric characteristics. Remarkably, incorporating just 1.5 wt% of BaTiO3 in PVDF led to a piezoelectric output of 0.88 V during dynamic cycle tests at 1 Hz. Encouragingly, the output signal exhibited a robust linear correlation (R2 = 0.996) with applied compression force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Wei Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Smart Materials and Energy Conversion Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Prasad Gajula
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Smart Materials and Energy Conversion Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information & Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Xiao-Shan Luo
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingrui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Smart Materials and Energy Conversion Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Smart Materials and Energy Conversion Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Melbourne, 3216, Australia.
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Suresh S, Athira BS, Akhila NS, Vijaya L, Chandran A, Gowd EB. Anisotropic Poly(vinylidene fluoride- co-trifluoroethylene)/MXene Aerogel-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Kinetic Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Force Sensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:9818-9829. [PMID: 39874211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c19733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Lightweight flexible piezoelectric devices have garnered significant interest over the past few decades due to their applications as energy harvesters and wearable sensors. Among different piezoelectrically active polymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers have attracted considerable attention for energy conversion due to their high flexibility, thermal stability, and biocompatibility. However, the orientation of polymer chains for self-poling under mild conditions is still a challenging task. Herein, anisotropic poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE)/MXene aerogel-based piezoelectric generators with highly oriented MXene fillers are fabricated. The unidirectional freezing of a hybrid solution facilitates the strain-induced alignment of MXene nanosheets and polymer chains along the solvent crystal growth direction due to the robust interactions between the MXene nanosheets (O-H/F groups) and PVDF-TrFE chains (F-C/C-H groups). Consequently, this process fosters the development of abundant electroactive β crystals with preferred alignment characteristics, leading to the formation of intrinsic self-oriented dipoles within the PVDF-TrFE aerogel. As a result, the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-TrFE are fully harnessed without any complex poling process, resulting in an open-circuit voltage of around 40 V with MXene loading of 3 wt % in anisotropic aerogel, which is 2-fold higher than that of the corresponding isotropic aerogel where the MXene nanosheets and polymer chains are randomly aligned. Furthermore, the developed piezoelectric nanogenerator was demonstrated as a tactile sensor which showed a high sensitivity of 9.6 V/N for lower forces (less than 2 N) and a sensitivity of 1.3 V/N in the higher force regime (2 N < force < 10 N). The strategy adopted here not only provides the enhancement of the piezoelectric crystalline form for self-poling but also paves an avenue toward developing self-powered energy harvesters using piezoelectric polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Suresh
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - B S Athira
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - N S Akhila
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Lakshmi Vijaya
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Achu Chandran
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - E Bhoje Gowd
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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4
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Pîrvu CI, Sover A, Abrudeanu M. Participation of Polymer Materials in the Structure of Piezoelectric Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:3603. [PMID: 39771453 PMCID: PMC11678843 DOI: 10.3390/polym16243603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
This review explores the integration of polymer materials into piezoelectric composite structures, focusing on their application in sensor technologies, and wearable electronics. Piezoelectric composites combining ceramic phases like BaTiO3, KNN, or PZT with polymers such as PVDF exhibit significant potential due to their enhanced flexibility, processability, and electrical performance. The synergy between the high piezoelectric sensitivity of ceramics and the mechanical flexibility of polymers enables the development of advanced materials for biomedical devices, energy conversion, and smart infrastructure applications. This review discusses the evolution of lead-free ceramics, the challenges in improving polymer-ceramic interfaces, and innovations like 3D printing and surface functionalization, which enhance charge transfer and material durability. It also covers the effects of radiation on these materials, particularly in nuclear applications, and strategies to enhance radiation resistance. The review concludes that polymer materials play a critical role in advancing piezoelectric composite technologies by addressing environmental and functional challenges, paving the way for future innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Ionuț Pîrvu
- Doctoral School of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței nr. 313, Sector 6, 060042 Bucureşti, Romania
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Câmpului Street nr. 1, 115400 Mioveni, Romania
| | - Alexandru Sover
- Faculty of Engineering, ANSBACH University of Applied Sciences, Residenzstraße 8, 91522 Ansbach, Germany;
| | - Mărioara Abrudeanu
- Doctoral School of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței nr. 313, Sector 6, 060042 Bucureşti, Romania
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Calea Victoriei nr. 118, Sector 1, 010093 Bucuresti, Romania
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5
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Li Y, Luo Y, Deng H, Shi S, Tian S, Wu H, Tang J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zha JW, Xiao S. Advanced Dielectric Materials for Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Principles, Methods, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314380. [PMID: 38517171 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) manifests distinct advantages such as multiple structural selectivity, diverse selection of materials, environmental adaptability, low cost, and remarkable conversion efficiency, which becomes a promising technology for micro-nano energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Tribo-dielectric materials are the fundamental and core components for high-performance TENGs. In particular, the charge generation, dissipation, storage, migration of the dielectrics, and dynamic equilibrium behaviors determine the overall performance. Herein, a comprehensive summary is presented to elucidate the dielectric charge transport mechanism and tribo-dielectric material modification principle toward high-performance TENGs. The contact electrification and charge transport mechanism of dielectric materials is started first, followed by introducing the basic principle and dielectric materials of TENGs. Subsequently, modification mechanisms and strategies for high-performance tribo-dielectric materials are highlighted regarding physical/chemical, surface/bulk, dielectric coupling, and structure optimization. Furthermore, representative applications of dielectric materials based TENGs as power sources, self-powered sensors are demonstrated. The existing challenges and promising potential opportunities for advanced tribo-dielectric materials are outlined, guiding the design, fabrication, and applications of tribo-dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haocheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shengyao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shuangshuang Tian
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Haoying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ju Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Jun-Wei Zha
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Song Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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6
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Adıgüzel SP, Ercan N. High Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Graphene Nanoribbon Composite Thin Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400360. [PMID: 38991110 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a highly efficient, sensitive, and lightweight piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is developed using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) incorporated into the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Unzipping multi-walled carbon nanotubes is an effective and scalable strategy for synthesizing graphene nanoribbons. The synthesized GNRs are employed to prepare nanometer-scale piezoelectric polymer composite films showing higher piezoelectric performance than neat PVDF. The impact of GNR concentration in the PVDF matrix on the electroactive phase content and piezoelectric properties of the composites is systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrate an increase in the electroactive β and γ phases of PVDF by incorporating GNRs in the composites. With the optimized concentration of GNRs (1 wt%), the fabricated piezoelectric device can generate open-circuit voltage and an output power density of 26 V and 16.52 µWcm2, respectively. It is also found that the PVDF-GNR 1 nanogenerator can be used to generate electrical power by converting mechanical energy from different human activities such as wrist bending, palm tapping, and toe tapping. The findings indicate that (PVDF-GNR 1) PENG can be applied in self-powered portable and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Peker Adıgüzel
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Avcilar, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
| | - Nevra Ercan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Avcilar, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
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7
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Salama M, Hamed A, Noman S, Magdy G, Shehata N, Kandas I. Boosting piezoelectric properties of PVDF nanofibers via embedded graphene oxide nanosheets. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16484. [PMID: 39019925 PMCID: PMC11254930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tremendous research efforts have been directed toward developing polymer-based piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) in a promising step to investigate self-charging powered systems (SCPSs) and consequently, support the need for flexible, intelligent, and ultra-compact wearable electronic devices. In our work, electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber mats were investigated while graphene oxide (GO) was added with different concentrations (from 0 to 3 wt.%). Sonication treatment was introduced for 5 min to GO nanosheets before combined PVDF solution. A comprehensive study was conducted to examine the GO incremental effect. Microstructural and mechanical properties were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a texture analyzer. Moreover, piezoelectric properties were assessed via various tests including impulse response, frequency effect, d33 coefficient, charging and discharging analysis, and sawyer tower circuit. Experimental results indicate that incorporation of GO nanosheets enhances piezoelectric properties for all concentrations, which was linked to the increase in β phase inside the nanofibers, which has a significant potential of enhancing nanogenerator performance. PVDF-GO 1.5 wt.% shows a notably higher enhancing effect where the electroactive β-phase and γ-phase are recorded to be boosted to ~ 68.13%, as well as piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ~ 55.57 pC/N). Furthermore, increasing impact force encouraged the output voltage. Also noted that the delivered open circuit voltage is ~ 3671 V/g and the power density is ~ 150 µw/cm2. It was observed that GO of concentration 1.5 wt.% recorded a conversion efficiency of ~ 74.73%. All results are in line, showing better performance for PVDF-GO 1.5 wt.% for almost all concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Salama
- Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology, and Photonics (CSMNP), Smart CI Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt.
| | - Aya Hamed
- Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology, and Photonics (CSMNP), Smart CI Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
| | - Sara Noman
- Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology, and Photonics (CSMNP), Smart CI Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Germein Magdy
- Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology, and Photonics (CSMNP), Smart CI Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies, and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nader Shehata
- Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology, and Photonics (CSMNP), Smart CI Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
- Kuwait College of Science and Technology (KCST), 13133, Doha District, Kuwait
- USTAR Bio-Innovations Center, Faculty of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Ishac Kandas
- Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology, and Photonics (CSMNP), Smart CI Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
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Oh J, Kim JK, Gao J, Jung S, Kim W, Park G, Park J, Baik JM, Yang C. Self-Powering Gas Sensing System Enabled by Double-Layer Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Poly(2-vinylpyridine)@BaTiO 3 Core-Shell Hybrids with Superior Dispersibility and Uniformity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12146-12157. [PMID: 38688004 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Current core-shell hybrids used in diverse energy-related applications possess limited dispersibility and film uniformity that govern their overall performances. Herein, we showcase superdispersible core-shell hybrids (P2VP@BaTiO3) composed of a poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) (5-20 wt %) and a barium titanate oxide (BaTiO3), maximizing dielectric constants by forming the high-quality uniform films. The P2VP@BaTiO3-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), especially the 10 wt % P2VP (P2VP10@BaTiO3)-based one, deliver significantly enhanced output performances compared to physically mixed P2VP/BaTiO3 counterparts. The P2VP10@BaTiO3-based double-layer TENG exhibits not only an excellent transferred charge density of 281.7 μC m-2 with a power density of 27.2 W m-2 but also extraordinary device stability (∼100% sustainability of the maximum output voltage for 54,000 cycles and ∼68.7% voltage retention even at 99% humidity). Notably, introducing the MoS2/SiO2/Ni-mesh layer into this double-layer TENG enables ultrahigh charge density of up to 1228 μC m-2, which is the top value reported for the TENGs so far. Furthermore, we also demonstrate a near-field communication-based sensing system for monitoring CO2 gas using our developed self-powered generator with enhanced output performance and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyeom Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Geunhyung Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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9
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Farzin MA, Naghib SM, Rabiee N. Advancements in Bio-inspired Self-Powered Wireless Sensors: Materials, Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1262-1301. [PMID: 38376103 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid maturation of smart city ecosystems is intimately linked to advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and self-powered sensing technologies. Central to this evolution are battery-less sensors that are critical for applications such as continuous health monitoring through blood metabolites and vital signs, the recognition of human activity for behavioral analysis, and the operational enhancement of humanoid robots. The focus on biosensors that exploit the human body for energy-spanning wearable, attachable, and implantable variants has intensified, driven by their broad applicability in areas from underwater exploration to biomedical assays and earthquake monitoring. The heart of these sensors lies in their diverse energy harvesting mechanisms, including biofuel cells, and piezoelectric, triboelectric, and pyroelectric nanogenerators. Notwithstanding the wealth of research, the literature still lacks a holistic review that integrates the design challenges and implementation intricacies of such sensors. Our review seeks to fill this gap by thoroughly evaluating energy harvesting strategies from both material and structural perspectives and assessing their roles in powering an array of sensors for myriad uses. This exploration offers a comprehensive outlook on the state of self-powered sensing devices, tackling the nuances of their deployment and highlighting their potential to revolutionize data gathering in autonomous systems. The intent of this review is to chart the current landscape and future prospects, providing a pivotal reference point for ongoing research and innovation in self-powered wireless sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Farzin
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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10
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Wei X, Xu K, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Z. 3D Printing of Flexible BaTiO 3/Polydimethylsiloxane Piezocomposite with Aligned Particles for Enhanced Energy Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11740-11748. [PMID: 38394674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of human-machine interactions and artificial intelligence, the demand for wearable electronic devices is increasing uncontrollably all over the world; however, an unsustainable power supply for such sensors continues to restrict their applications. In the present work, piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramic powder with excellent properties was prepared from milled precursors through a solid-state reaction. To fabricate a flexible device, the as-prepared BaTiO3 powder was mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The BaTiO3/PDMS ink with excellent rheological properties was extruded smoothly by direct ink writing technology (DIW). BaTiO3 particles were aligned due to the shear stress effect during the printing process. Subsequently, the as-printed composite was assembled into a sandwich-type device for effective energy harvesting. It was observed that the maximum output voltage and current of this device reached 68 V and 720 nA, respectively, for a BaTiO3 content of 6 vol %. Therefore, the material extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technique can be used to prepare flexible piezoelectric composites for efficient energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxia Wei
- Institute for Future (IFF), School of Automation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kailong Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Institute for Future (IFF), School of Automation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Institute for Future (IFF), School of Automation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Additive Manufacturing Institute, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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11
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Chen Q, Cao Y, Lu Y, Akram W, Ren S, Niu L, Sun Z, Fang J. Hybrid Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Wearable Nanogenerator Based on Stretchable PVDF-PDMS Composite Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6239-6249. [PMID: 38272672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid piezoelectric/triboelectric nanogenerators combine the merits of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), possessing enhanced electrical output and sensitivity. However, the structures of the majority of hybrid nanogenerators are rather complex in integrating both functions, limiting their practical application in wearable electronics. Herein, we propose to construct a piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (PT-NG) with a simple structure based on a composite film to simultaneously achieve the coupling of piezoelectric charge generation and triboelectrification with improved energy conversion efficiency. The composite film consists of electrospun PVDF nanofibers embedded in the surface of the PDMS film, which not only forms a rough nanomorphology on the surface of PDMS but also provides structural protection to the PVDF nanofibers by PDMS during compressive deformation. The results have shown that the PT-NG can generate much higher electrical outputs than individual TENG and PENG devices. The PT-NG devices exhibit a high level of mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency with superior performance in charging capacitors and functioning as self-powered wearable sensors for the detection of different signals from finger movement, the recognition of various gestures, and the monitoring of respiration. More importantly, the composite device possesses an impressive structure durability, maintaining its layered structure over 5000 testing cycles without noticing any obvious damage on the nanofibers or detachment between the layers. Our results have demonstrated that the combining of piezoelectric nanofibers and triboelectric substrate is an efficient way to fabricate highly efficient energy harvesting devices for intelligent identification and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wasim Akram
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Song Ren
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Niu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Fang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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Thirumalasetty AB, Pamula S, Krishnan T, Khade V, Sharief P, Kota Venkata SK, Adiraj S, Wuppulluri M. Energy storage and catalytic behaviour of cmWave assisted BZT and flexible electrospun BZT fibers for energy harvesting applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2650. [PMID: 38302664 PMCID: PMC10834441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
High-performance lead-free Barium Zirconium Titanate (BZT) based ceramics have emerged as a potential candidate for applications in energy storage, catalysis for electro chemical energy conversion and energy harvesting devices as presented in this work. In the present study hybrid microwave sintered BZT are studied for dielectric, ferroelectric and phase transition properties. BZT ceramic exhibits tetragonal structure as confirmed by the Retvield refinement studies. XPS studies confirms the elemental composition of BZT and presence of Zr. Polarization versus electric field hysteresis loops confirms the ferroelectric behaviour of BZT ceramic. Encouragingly, the BZT showed a moderate energy storage efficiency of 30.7 % and relatively good electro chemical energy conversion (HER). Excellent catalytic activity observed for BZT electrode in acid medium with low Tafel slope 77 mV dec-1. Furthermore, electrospun nanofibers made of PVDF-HFP and BZT are used to make flexible piezoelectric nano generators (PENGs). FTIR studies show that the 16 wt% BZT composite ink exhibits a higher electroactive beta phase. The optimized open-circuit voltage and short circuit current of the flexible PENG exhibits 7Vpp and 750 nA under an applied force of 3N. Thus, flexible and self-powered BZT PENGs are alternative source of energy due to its reliability, affordability and environmental-friendly nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanish Babu Thirumalasetty
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Siva Pamula
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | | | - Vaishnavi Khade
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Pathan Sharief
- Department of nanotechnology, Deagu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Siva Kumar Kota Venkata
- Ceramic Composite Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuram, Andhra Pradesh, 515003, India
| | - Srinivas Adiraj
- Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhuri Wuppulluri
- Ceramic Composites Laboratory, Centre for Functional Materials, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India.
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13
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Lv Q, Ma X, Zhang C, Han J, He S, Liu K, Jiang S. Nanocellulose-based nanogenerators for sensor applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129268. [PMID: 38199536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, nanogenerator as a green energy collection technology has attracted great attention in various fields. Specifically, the natural renewable nanocellulose as a raw material can significantly improve the environmental friendliness of the nanocellulose-based nanogenerators, which also makes the nanocellulose based nanogenerators expected to further develop in areas such as wearable devices and sensor networks. This paper mainly reports the application of nanocellulose in nanogenerator, focusing on the sensor. The types, sources and preparation methods of nanocellulose are briefly introduced. At the same time, the special structure of nanocellulose highlights the advantages of nanocellulose in nanogenerators. Then, the application of nanocellulose-based nanogenerators in sensors is introduced. Finally, the future development prospects and shortcomings of this nanogenerator are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Lv
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jingquan Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuijian He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kunming Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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14
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Mirjalali S, Bagherzadeh R, Mahdavi Varposhti A, Asadnia M, Huang S, Chang W, Peng S, Wang CH, Wu S. Enhanced Piezoelectricity of PVDF-TrFE Nanofibers by Intercalating with Electrosprayed BaTiO 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41806-41816. [PMID: 37610412 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, flexible piezoelectric devices have gained increasing interest due to their wide applications as wearable sensors and energy harvesters. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), as one of piezoelectric polymers, has caught considerable attention because of its high flexibility, high thermal stability, and biocompatibility. However, its relatively lower piezoelectricity limits its broader applications. Herein, we present a new approach to improving the piezoelectricity of PVDF-TrFE nanofibers by integrating barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles. Instead of being directly dispersed into PVDF-TrFE nanofibers, the BTO nanoparticles were electrosprayed between the nanofiber layers to create a sandwich structure. The results showed that the sample with BTO sandwiched between PVDF-TrFE nanofibers showed a much higher piezoelectric output compared to the sample with BTO uniformly dispersed in the nanofibers, with a maximum of ∼ 457% enhancement. Simulation results suggested that the enhanced piezoelectricity is due to the larger strain induced in the BTO nanoparticles in the sandwich structure. Additionally, BTO might be better poled during electrospraying with higher field strength, which is also believed to contribute to enhanced piezoelectricity. The potential of the piezoelectric nanofiber mats as a sensor for measuring biting force and as a sensor array for pressure mapping was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Mirjalali
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Roohollah Bagherzadeh
- Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technologies, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Arezo Mahdavi Varposhti
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Wenkai Chang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chun-Hui Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shuying Wu
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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15
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Zhang Y, Jia X, Sun B, Huang R, Wang C, Chao D. A Piezoelectric-Driven Electrochromic/Electrofluorochromic Dual-Modal Display Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301886. [PMID: 37086144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) reflective displays offer great advantages in delivering information and providing visual data, but are limited in dark environments. Reflective/emissive dual-modal displays capable of electrochemically-induced color and fluorescence change simultaneously are highly desirable, especially possessing rapid response speed as well as long-term durability. Herein, an electroactive fluorescent ionic liquid based on triphenylamine and imidazole (EFIL-TPA) has been synthesized for reflective/emissive dual-modal display. The resultant device exhibits outstanding electrochromic/electrofluorochromic (EC/EFC) performance with low driving voltage (below 1.0 V), fast switching speed (0.57-1.8 s), and remarkable cycling durability (91% retention for 10 000 cycles). A piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) driven EC/EFC integrated system is fabricated to harvest energy from human motion and visually drive the color/fluorescence change for human motion indication in both bright and dark environments. This innovative EC/EFC dual-modal display device based on EFIL-TPA supports a huge space for the development of self-powered human motion visualized indication in all-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bolun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ruonan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ce Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Danming Chao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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