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Wang Q, Wang B, Chan KF, Song X, Wang Q, Ji F, Su L, Ip BYM, Ko H, Chiu PWY, Leung TWH, Zhang L. Rapid Blood Clot Removal via Remote Delamination and Magnetization of Clot Debris. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2415305. [PMID: 40056048 PMCID: PMC12061269 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202415305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
Micro/nano-scale robotic devices are emerging as a cutting-edge approach for precision intravascular therapies, offering the potential for highly targeted drug delivery. While employing micro/nanorobotics for stroke treatment is a promising strategy due to its ability to localize therapy and minimize drug dosage, current methods require prolonged treatment durations, increasing the risk of nerve tissue necrosis from extended hypoxia. Here a programmable colloidal microswarm capable of rapidly detaching blood clots from the vessel wall is developed, enabling swift recanalization without the need for complete clot degradation. More importantly, the detached clot debris, despite their random shapes, functions as magnetic "debris-robots" and can be efficiently propelled through helical swimming within flowing vessels, followed by retrieval using catheter suction. The entire process-including catheter delivery, controlled locomotion, clot detachment, and retrieval-can be completed in approximately half an hour, significantly saving time compared to the critical "Golden 6 hours" window for stroke treatment. This retrieval procedure greatly minimizes nanoparticle exposure in the bloodstream and lowers the risk of secondary clotting in distal vessels, marking a significant advancement in robotic-assisted thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)Shatin, N.T.Hong KongChina
| | - Ben Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Kai Fung Chan
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative MedicineCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
- Multi‐Scale Medical Robotics CenterHong Kong Science ParkShatin N.T.Hong Kong SARChina
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)Shatin, N.T.Hong KongChina
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro‐Nano Biomedical InstrumentsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fengtong Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)Shatin, N.T.Hong KongChina
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)Shatin, N.T.Hong KongChina
| | | | - Ho Ko
- Division of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and TherapeuticsCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
| | - Philip Wai Yan Chiu
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative MedicineCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
- Multi‐Scale Medical Robotics CenterHong Kong Science ParkShatin N.T.Hong Kong SARChina
- Department of SurgeryCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
| | - Thomas Wai Hong Leung
- Division of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and TherapeuticsCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)Shatin, N.T.Hong KongChina
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative MedicineCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
- Multi‐Scale Medical Robotics CenterHong Kong Science ParkShatin N.T.Hong Kong SARChina
- Department of SurgeryCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
- CUHK T Stone Robotics InstituteCUHKShatin N.T.Hong KongChina
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2
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Ding Q, Huang S, Zhang Z, Yu D, Li M, He Q, Mei L. Integration of Photodiagnosis and Therapy Guided by Micro/Nanorobots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2420359. [PMID: 40079099 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202420359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Micro/Nanorobots(MNRs)integrated with phototherapy represent an emerging approach to cancer treatment and hold significant potential for addressing bacterial infections, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and related conditions. By leveraging micro/nanoscale motor systems in conjunction with phototherapy, these robots enable real-time guidance and monitoring of therapeutic processes, improving drug delivery precision and efficiency. This integration not only enhances the effectiveness of phototherapy but also minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Nevertheless, clinical translation of MNRs-assisted phototherapy still faces numerous challenges. In this review, recent key developments in the field are comprehensively summarized, the critical roles of MNRs-assisted phototherapy in clinical applications are highlighted, and insights into future directions and the pathway toward large-scale clinical implementation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Ding
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Siqi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Donghu Yu
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Research and Clinical techniques for Brain Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Mei
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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Wang S, Liu Y, Sun S, Gui Q, Liu W, Long W. Living material-derived intelligent micro/nanorobots. Biomater Sci 2025; 13:1379-1397. [PMID: 39927456 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm01685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
Living materials, which include various types of cells, organelles, and biological components from animals, plants, and microorganisms, have become central to recent investigations in micro and nanorobotics. Living material-derived intelligent micro/nanorobots (LMNRs) are self-propelled devices that combine living materials with synthetic materials. By harnessing energy from external physical fields or biological sources, LMNRs can move autonomously and perform various biomedical functions, such as drug delivery, crossing biological barriers, medical imaging, and disease treatment. This review, from a biomimetic strategy perspective, summarized the latest advances in the design and biomedical applications of LMNRs. It provided a comprehensive overview of the living materials used to construct LMNRs, including mammalian cells, plants, and microorganisms while highlighting their biological properties and functions. Lastly, the review discussed the major challenges in this field and offered suggestions for future research that may help facilitate the clinical application of LMNRs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuai Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Ya Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Shuangjiao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Qinyi Gui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Wei Long
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Gao S, Li X, Han B. Bacterial and bacterial derivatives-based drug delivery systems: a novel approach for treating central nervous system disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2025; 22:163-180. [PMID: 39688950 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2444364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacteria and their derivatives show great potential as drug delivery systems due to their unique chemotaxis, biocompatibility, and targeting abilities. In CNS disease treatment, bacterial carriers can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs precisely, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology have transformed these systems into multifunctional platforms for personalized CNS treatment. AREAS COVERED This review examines the latest research on bacterial carriers for treating ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and gliomas. Bacteria efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier via active targeting, endocytosis, paracellular transport, and the nose-to-brain route for precise drug delivery. Various bacterial drug delivery systems, such as OMVs and bacterial ghosts, are explored for their design and application. Databases were searched in Google Scholar for the period up to December 2024. EXPERT OPINION Future developments in bacterial drug delivery will rely on AI-driven design and high-throughput engineering, enhancing treatment precision. Personalized medicine will further optimize bacterial carriers for individual patients, but challenges such as biosafety, immune rejection, and scalability must be addressed. As multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies advance, bacterial carriers are expected to play a central role in CNS disease treatment, offering novel precision medicine solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Gao
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Orthopedic Medical Center, 2nd hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Yu M, Wu H, Hu H, Cheng Y, Qin Y, Yang K, Hu C, Guo W, Kong Y, Zhao W, Cheng X, Jiang H, Wang S. Emerging near-infrared targeting diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00682-2. [PMID: 39577483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (ICCDs), including thrombosis, ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis, represent a significant threat to human health, and there is an urgent requirement for the implementation of emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve symptoms and prognosis. As a promising noninvasive modality offering high spatial and temporal resolution with favorable biocompatible properties, near-infrared (NIR) light has demonstrated a vast and profound potential in the biomedical field in recent years. Meanwhile, nanomedicine carriers are undergoing rapid development due to their high specific surface area, elevated drug loading capacity, and unique physicochemical properties. The combination of NIR light with targeted nanoprobes modified with different functional components not only maintains the high penetration depth of NIR irradiation in biological tissues but also significantly enhances the targeting specificity at the lesion site. This strategy allows for the realization of on-demand drug release and photothermal effects, thus inspiring promising avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of ICCDs. However, the clinical translation of NIR imaging and therapy is still hindered by significant obstacles. The existing literature has provided a comprehensive overview of the advancements in NIR-based nanomedicine research. However, there is a notable absence of reviews that summarize the NIR-mediated targeting strategies against ICCDs in imaging and therapy. Therefore, this review concludes the application of the emerging targeting probes combined with NIR radiation for ICCDs classified by molecular targets, analyzes the current challenges, and provides improvement strategies and prospects for further clinical translation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (ICCDs) represent a significant threat to human health. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) light combined with targeting probes have been employed for the diagnosis and treatment of ICCDs, offering exceptional advantages including rapid feedback, high penetration depth, on-demand drug release, and favorable biocompatibility. However, there is a notable absence of reviews that summarize the NIR light-mediated targeting strategies for the imaging and therapy of ICCDs. Therefore, this review summarizes the emerging targeting probes combined with NIR light classified by molecular targets, and the proposes potential improvement strategies for clinical translation. This review elucidates the potential and current status of NIR-based techniques in ICCDs, while also serving as a reference point for additional targeted therapeutic strategies for ICCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Haoyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Youran Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Kaiqing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - ChangHao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Yuxuan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Weiwen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Xueqin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China.
| | - Songyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China.
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Yang N, Li W, Qian Z, Tan X, Liu Z, Feng F, Liu L, Ge L. Trident-inspired fucoidan-based armor-piercing microcapsule for programmed acute pulmonary embolism treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114323. [PMID: 39442409 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism remains the third leading cause of human mortality after malignant tumors and myocardial infarction. Commonly available thrombolytic therapeutic agents suffer from the limitations of very short half-life, inadequate targeting, limited clot penetration, and a propensity for severe bleeding. Inspired by the trident, we developed the armor-piercing microcapsule (MC), fucoidan-urokinase-S-nitrosoglutathione-polydopamine@MC (FUGP@MC), which exhibited a triple combination of photothermal, mechanical and pharmacological thrombolysis for the therapeutic treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Briefly, the outermost fucoidan layer was utilized for targeting to the APE area. Programmed APE treatment was triggered by near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Photothermal thrombolytic therapy was carried out by photothermal conversion of polydopamine. The photothermal conversion broke the S-nitroso bond in S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and produced large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) for mechanical thrombolysis, which subsequently disrupted the interfacial structure of microcapsule to stimulate the release of the urokinase (UK), leading to a triple synergistic thrombolytic effect. The results demonstrated that the embolization residual rate of FUGP@MC (contained ≈ 1452.5 IU/kg UK) group was significantly lower than that of UK (10,000 IU/kg) group (6.35 % VS 16.78 %). Remarkably, FUGP@MC demonstrated a reliable in vivo biosafety proficiency. In summary, trident-inspired armor-piercing microcapsule FUGP@MC reveals a potential avenue for advancing pulmonary embolism therapeutics and promises to be a safer alternative candidate to current drug approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Weikun Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Tan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zonghao Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Feiling Feng
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Liqin Ge
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Advanced Ocean Institute of Southeast University, Nantong 226019, PR China.
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7
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Wang N, Floriano Marcelino T, Ade C, Pendlmayr S, Ramos Docampo MA, Städler B. Collagenase motors in gelatine-based hydrogels. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9935-9943. [PMID: 38690802 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nano/micromotors outperform Brownian motion due to their self-propulsive capabilities and hold promise as carriers for drug delivery across biological barriers such as the extracellular matrix. This study employs poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) polymer brushes to enhance the collagenase-loading capacity of silica particle-based motors with the aim to systematically investigate the impact of gelatine viscosity, motors' size, and morphology on their propulsion velocity. Notably, 500 nm and 1 μm motors achieve similar speeds as high as ∼15 μm s-1 in stiff gelatine-based hydrogels when triggered with calcium. Taken together, our findings highlight the potential of collagenase-based motors for navigating the extracellular matrix, positioning them as promising candidates for efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanying Wang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Thaís Floriano Marcelino
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carina Ade
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Stefan Pendlmayr
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miguel A Ramos Docampo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Zhou H, Zhang S, Liu Z, Chi B, Li J, Wang Y. Untethered Microgrippers for Precision Medicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305805. [PMID: 37941516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Microgrippers, a branch of micro/nanorobots, refer to motile miniaturized machines that are of a size in the range of several to hundreds of micrometers. Compared with tethered grippers or other microscopic diagnostic and surgical equipment, untethered microgrippers play an indispensable role in biomedical applications because of their characteristics such as miniaturized size, dexterous shape tranformation, and controllable motion, which enables the microgrippers to enter hard-to-reach regions to execute specific medical tasks for disease diagnosis and treatment. To date, numerous medical microgrippers are developed, and their potential in cell manipulation, targeted drug delivery, biopsy, and minimally invasive surgery are explored. To achieve controlled locomotion and efficient target-oriented actions, the materials, size, microarchitecture, and morphology of microgrippers shall be deliberately designed. In this review, the authors summarizes the latest progress in untethered micrometer-scale grippers. The working mechanisms of shape-morphing and actuation methods for effective movement are first introduced. Then, the design principle and state-of-the-art fabrication techniques of microgrippers are discussed. Finally, their applications in the precise medicine are highlighted, followed by offering future perspectives for the development of untethered medical microgrippers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijuan Zhou
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bowen Chi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
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Ruan R, Chen S, Su J, Liu N, Feng H, Xiao P, Zhang X, Pan G, Hou L, Zhang J. Targeting Nanomotor with Near-Infrared/Ultrasound Triggered-Transformation for Polystage-Propelled Cascade Thrombolysis and Multimodal Imaging Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302591. [PMID: 38085119 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by venous thromboembolism become main causes of mortality around the world. The current thrombolytic strategies in clinics are confined primarily due to poor penetration of nanoplatforms, limited thrombolytic efficiency, and extremely-low imaging accuracy. Herein, a novel nanomotor (NM) is engineered by combining iron oxide/perfluorohexane (PFH)/urokinase (UK) into liposome nanovesicle, which exhibits near-infrared/ultrasound (NIR/US) triggered transformation, achieves non-invasive vein thrombolysis, and realizes multimodal imaging diagnosis altogether. Interestingly, a three-step propelled cascade thrombolytic therapy is revealed from such intelligent NM. First, the NM is effectively herded at the thrombus site under guidance of a magnetic field. Afterwards, stimulations of NIR/US propel phase transition of PFH, which intensifies penetration of the NM toward deep thrombus dependent on cavitation effect. Ultimately, UK is released from the collapsed NM and achieves pharmaceutical thrombolysis in a synergistic way. After an intravenous injection of NM in vivo, the whole thrombolytic process is monitored in real-time through multimodal photoacoustic, ultrasonic, and color Doppler ultrasonic imagings. Overall, such advanced nanoplatform provides a brand-new strategy for time-critical vein thrombolytic therapy through efficient thrombolysis and multimodal imaging diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Ruan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Nan'an Hospital, 330 Xinhua Street, Quanzhou, 362300, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photo-catalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photo-catalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxing Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photo-catalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
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Wu J, Lan G, He N, He L, Li C, Wang X, Zeng X. Purification of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GUTU06 and properties of the enzyme. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100896. [PMID: 38144793 PMCID: PMC10740062 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A producing-fibrinolytic enzyme strain was isolated with high yield. The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. B. amyloliquefaciens GUTU06 fibrinolytic enzyme was purified by acetone precipitation and reverse micelle. Acetone precipitation condition and reverse micelle condition were examined. Results showed that the total reverse micelle extraction efficiency was 64.49 % ± 1.6 %. The purification fold of the entire process reached 13.38. The optimum pH of purified enzyme is 5, and the optimum temperature is 45 °C. Fe3+ and K+ can enhance the fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme. Compared to commercial fibrinolytic enzymes such as urokinase and lumbrukinase, GUTU06 fibrinolytic enzymes have a lower pH optimal range and higher temperature stability. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 28 kDa. Reverse micelle extraction with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant combined with acetone precipitation is suitable for separating and purifying fibrinolytic enzymes and a promising technique for obtaining active proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Guangqun Lan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Na He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Laping He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- Key Lab of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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11
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Liu CH, Liu MC, Jheng PR, Yu J, Fan YJ, Liang JW, Hsiao YC, Chiang CW, Bolouki N, Lee JW, Hsieh JH, Mansel BW, Chen YT, Nguyen HT, Chuang EY. Plasma-Derived Nanoclusters for Site-Specific Multimodality Photo/Magnetic Thrombus Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301504. [PMID: 37421244 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional thrombolytic therapeutics for vascular blockage are affected by their limited penetration into thrombi, associated off-target side effects, and low bioavailability, leading to insufficient thrombolytic efficacy. It is hypothesized that these limitations can be overcome by the precisely controlled and targeted delivery of thrombolytic therapeutics. A theranostic platform is developed that is biocompatible, fluorescent, magnetic, and well-characterized, with multiple targeting modes. This multimodal theranostic system can be remotely visualized and magnetically guided toward thrombi, noninvasively irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) phototherapies, and remotely activated by actuated magnets for additional mechanical therapy. Magnetic guidance can also improve the penetration of nanomedicines into thrombi. In a mouse model of thrombosis, the thrombosis residues are reduced by ≈80% and with no risk of side effects or of secondary embolization. This strategy not only enables the progression of thrombolysis but also accelerates the lysis rate, thereby facilitating its prospective use in time-critical thrombolytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nima Bolouki
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 60177, Czech Republic
| | - Jyh-Wei Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hsing Hsieh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Bradley W Mansel
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
- Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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12
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Kamanina OA, Lantsova EA, Rybochkin PV, Arlyapov VA, Saverina EA, Kulikovskaya NS, Perepukhov AM, Vereshchagin AN, Ananikov VP. "3-in-1" Hybrid Biocatalysts: Association of Yeast Cells Immobilized in a Sol-Gel Matrix for Determining Sewage Pollution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47779-47789. [PMID: 37782502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel ″3-in-1″ hybrid biocatalyst design that combines the individual efficiency of microorganisms while avoiding negative interactions between them. Yeast cells of Ogataea polymorpha VKM Y-2559, Blastobotrys adeninivorans VKM Y-2677, and Debaryomyces hansenii VKM Y-2482 were immobilized in an organosilicon material by using the sol-gel method, resulting in a hybrid biocatalyst. The catalytic activity of the immobilized microorganism mixture was evaluated by employing it as the bioreceptor element of a biosensor. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to examine the morphology of the biohybrid material. Elemental distribution analysis confirmed the encapsulation of yeast cells in a matrix composed of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) (85 and 15 vol %, respectively). The resulting heterogeneous biocatalyst exhibited excellent performance in determining the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) index in real surface water samples, with a sensitivity coefficient of 50 ± 3 × 10-3·min-1, a concentration range of 0.3-31 mg/L, long-term stability for 25 days, and a relative standard deviation of 3.8%. These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed hybrid biocatalyst for effective pollution monitoring and wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Evgeniya A Saverina
- Tula State University, pr. Lenina 92, 300012 Tula, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Kulikovskaya
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M Perepukhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly N Vereshchagin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Abstract
Untethered robots in the size range of micro/nano-scale offer unprecedented access to hard-to-reach areas of the body. In these challenging environments, autonomous task completion capabilities of micro/nanorobots have been the subject of research in recent years. However, most of the studies have presented preliminary in vitro results that can significantly differ under in vivo settings. Here, we focus on the studies conducted with animal models to reveal the current status of micro/nanorobotic applications in real-world conditions. By a categorization based on target locations, we highlight the main strategies employed in organs and other body parts. We also discuss key challenges that require interest before the successful translation of micro/nanorobots to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay M Oral
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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14
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Huang S, Gao Y, Lv Y, Wang Y, Cao Y, Zhao W, Zuo D, Mu H, Hua Y. Applications of Nano/Micromotors for Treatment and Diagnosis in Biological Lumens. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101780. [PMID: 36296133 PMCID: PMC9610721 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural biological lumens in the human body, such as blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract, are important to the delivery of materials. Depending on the anatomic features of these biological lumens, the invention of nano/micromotors could automatically locomote targeted sites for disease treatment and diagnosis. These nano/micromotors are designed to utilize chemical, physical, or even hybrid power in self-propulsion or propulsion by external forces. In this review, the research progress of nano/micromotors is summarized with regard to treatment and diagnosis in different biological lumens. Challenges to the development of nano/micromotors more suitable for specific biological lumens are discussed, and the overlooked biological lumens are indicated for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yinghua Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weisong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dongqing Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
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