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Mai Z, Lin Y, Lin P, Zhao X, Cui L. Modulating extracellular matrix stiffness: a strategic approach to boost cancer immunotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:307. [PMID: 38693104 PMCID: PMC11063215 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and the tumor microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression and the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review comprehensively discusses the key factors regulating ECM remodeling, including the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the accumulation and crosslinking of ECM proteins. Furthermore, it provides a detailed exploration of how ECM stiffness influences the behaviors of both tumor and immune cells. Significantly, the impact of ECM stiffness on the response to various immunotherapy strategies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, and therapeutic cancer vaccines, is thoroughly examined. The review also addresses the challenges in translating research findings into clinical practice, highlighting the need for more precise biomaterials that accurately mimic the ECM and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The insights offered aim to guide future research, with the potential to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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Chen Y, Zhu D, Zhong H, Gan Z, Zong S, Wang Z, Cui Y, Wang Y. Ultrasensitive Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Activity Using a Ratiometric Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensor with a Core-Satellite Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4160-4168. [PMID: 38204415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) has been considered a promising molecular biomarker for cancer diagnosis due to its related dysregulation. In this work, a core-satellite structure-powered ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensor with high sensitivity and specificity to MMP-2 was developed. The SERS nanosensor was composed of a magnetic bead encapsulated within a 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)-labeled gold shell as the capture core and a 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (MBN)-encoded silver nanoparticle as the signal satellite, which were connected through a peptide substrate of MMP-2. MMP-2-triggered cleavage of peptides from the core surface resulted in a decrease of the SERS intensity of MBN. Since the SERS intensity of DTNB was used as an internal standard, the reliable and sensitive quantification of MMP-2 activity would be realized by the ratiometric SERS signal, with a limit of detection as low as 2.067 ng/mL and a dynamic range from 5 to 100 ng/mL. Importantly, the nanosensor enabled a precise determination of MMP-2 activity in tumor cell secretions, which may provide an avenue for early diagnosis and classification of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Optoelectronic Technology, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Optoelectronic Technology, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Optoelectronic Technology, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixing Gan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Optoelectronic Technology, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Optoelectronic Technology, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Optoelectronic Technology, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Wei X, Yu CY, Wei H. Application of Cyclodextrin for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2023; 28:5610. [PMID: 37513483 PMCID: PMC10384645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, compared with other treatment strategies, has the notable advantage of a long-term therapeutic effect for preventing metastasis and the recurrence of tumors, thus holding great potential for the future of advanced tumor therapy. However, due to the poor water solubility of immune modulators and immune escape properties of tumor cells, the treatment efficiency of immunotherapy is usually significantly reduced. Cyclodextrin (CD) has been repeatedly highlighted to be probably one of the most investigated building units for cancer therapy due to its elegant integration of an internal hydrophobic hollow cavity and an external hydrophilic outer surface. The application of CD for immunotherapy provides new opportunities for overcoming the aforementioned obstacles. However, there are few published reviews, to our knowledge, summarizing the use of CD for cancer immunotherapy. For this purpose, this paper provides a comprehensive summary on the application of CD for immunotherapy with an emphasis on the role, function, and reported strategies of CD in mediating immunotherapy. This review summarizes the research progress made in using CD for tumor immunotherapy, which will facilitate the generation of various CD-based immunotherapeutic delivery systems with superior anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Tian J, Wan S, Tian J, Liu L, Xia J, Hu Y, Yang Z, Zhao H, Wang H, Guo Y, Guo J. Anti-HER2 scFv-nCytc-Modified Lipid-Encapsulated Oxygen Nanobubbles Prepared with Bulk Nanobubble Water for Inducing Apoptosis and Improving Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206091. [PMID: 36855335 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bulk nanobubbles fascinate scientists because of their stability over long periods of time and their ability to carry gases, leading to numerous potential applications. Considering the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the advantages of bulk nanobubbles, lipid-encapsulated oxygen nanobubbles are prepared from free bulk oxygen nanobubbles in this study. The obtained carrier is then modified with a protein fused with the single-chain antibody of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2 scFv) and tandem-repeat cytochrome c (anti-HER2 scFv-nCytc) to enhance tumor targeting and induce tumor apoptosis. Copper phthalocyanine is used as the photosensitizer to demonstrate how the oxygen in the nanobubbles affects the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The combination of anti-HER2 scFv-nCytc and PDT synergistically improves the therapeutic effect and alleviates hypoxia in tumors in vivo while causing little inflammatory response. Based on the findings, bulk nanobubble water shows promise in the targeted delivery of oxygen and can be combined with antibody therapy to enhance the efficiency of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shixiao Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
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