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Luo S, Hu CY, Xu X. Ammonia-responsive chitosan/polymethacrylamide double network hydrogels with high-stretchability, fatigue resistance and anti-freezing for real-time chicken breast spoilage monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131617. [PMID: 38631583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a promising option for detecting food spoilage in humid conditions, but current indicators are prone to mechanical flaws, posing a concern for packaging systems that require strong mechanical properties. Herein, a double network hydrogel was prepared by polymerizing methacrylamide in a chitosan system with aluminum chloride and glycerol. The resulting hydrogel demonstrated high stretchability (strain >1500 %), notch insensitivity, excellent fatigue resistance, and exceptional anti-freezing capabilities even at -21 °C. When incorporating bromothymol blue (BB) or methyl red (MR), or mixtures of these dyes into the hydrogels as indicators, they exhibited sensitive colorimetric responses to pH and NH3 levels at different temperatures. Hydrogels immobilizing BB to MR ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 displayed clearer and more sensitive color responses when packed into chicken breast, with a sensitivity level of 1.5 ppm of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). This color response correlated positively with the accumulation of TVB-N on the packaging during storage at both 25 °C and 4 °C, providing sensitive indications of chicken breast deterioration. Overall, the developed hydrogels and indicators demonstrate enhanced performance characteristics, including excellent mechanical strength and highly NH3-sensitive color responses, making significant contributions to the food spoilage detection and intelligent packaging systems field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Qianshan Road 206, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Chang-Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Qianshan Road 206, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Qianshan Road 206, Zhuhai 519070, China.
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Peng S, Cao X, Sun Y, Chen L, Ma C, Yang L, Zhao H, Liu Q, Liu Z, Ma C. Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymer/pH-Responsive Hydrogel Hybrid for Bi-Function Synergistic Actuations. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050428. [PMID: 37233019 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive actuating hydrogels response to the external stimulus with complex deformation behaviors based on the programmable anisotropic structure design are one of the most important smart soft materials, which have great potential applications in artificial muscles, smart values, and mini-robots. However, the anisotropic structure of one actuating hydrogel can only be programmed one time, which can only provide single actuating performance, and subsequently, has severely limited their further applications. Herein, we have explored a novel SMP/hydrogel hybrid actuator through combining polyurethane shape memory polymer (PU SMP) layer and pH-responsive polyacrylic-acid (PAA) hydrogel layer by a napkin with UV-adhesive. Owing to both the super-hydrophilicity and super-lipophilicity of the cellulose-fiber based napkin, the SMP and the hydrogel can be bonded firmly by the UV-adhesive in the napkin. More importantly, this bilayer hybrid 2D sheet can be programmed by designing a different temporary shape in heat water which can be fixed easily in cool water to achieve various fixed shapes. This hybrid with a fixed temporary shape can achieve complex actuating performance based on the bi-functional synergy of temperature-triggered SMP and pH-responsive hydrogel. The relatively high modulus PU SMP achieved high to 87.19% and 88.92% shape-fixing ratio, respectively, correspond to bending and folding shapes. The hybrid actuator can actuate with the 25.71 °/min actuating speed. Most importantly, one SMP/hydrogel bi-layer hybrid sheet was repeatedly programmed at least nine times in our research to fix various temporary 1D, 2D and 3D shapes, including bending, folding and spiraling shapes. As a result, only one SMP/hydrogel hybrid can provide various complex stimuli-responsive actuations, including the reversable bending-straightening, spiraling-unspiraling. A few of the intelligent devices have been designed to simulate the movement of the natural organisms, such as bio-mimetic "paw", "pangolin" and "octopus". This work has developed a new SMP/hydrogel hybrid with excellent multi-repeatable (≥9 times) programmability for high-level complex actuations, including the 1D to 2D bending and the 2D to 3D spiraling actuations, which also provides a new strategy to design other new soft intelligent materials and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Safe Evaluation and Research of Degradable Material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Qijie Liu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Chunxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Safe Evaluation and Research of Degradable Material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
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