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Sun S, Fan E, Wang H, Lv X, Zhang X, Chen R, Wu F, Li L. In Situ Constructed Spinel Layer Stabilized Upcycled LiCoO 2 for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401089. [PMID: 38705868 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
With ever-increasing requirements for cathodes in the lithium-ion batteries market, an efficiency and eco-friendly upcycling regeneration strategy is imperative to meet the demand for high-performance cathode materials. Herein, a facile, direct and upcycling regeneration strategy is proposed to restore the failed LiCoO2 and enhance the stability at 4.6 V. Double effects combination of relithiation and outside surface reconstruction are simultaneously achieved via a facile solid-phase sintering method. The evolution process of the Li-supplement and grain-recrystallization is systematically investigated, and the high performance of the upcycled materials at high voltage is comprehensively demonstrated. Thanks to the favorable spinel LiCoxMn2-xO4 surface coating, the upcycled sample displays outstanding electrochemical performance, superior to the pristine cathode materials. Notably, the 1% surface-coated LiCoO2 achieves a high discharge-specific capacity of 207.9 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C and delivers excellent cyclability with 77.0% capacity retention after 300 cycles. Significantly, this in situ created spinel coating layer can be potentially utilized for recycling spent LiCoO2, thus providing a viable, promising recycling strategy insights into the upcycling of degraded cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisheng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ersha Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaowei Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
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Jia K, Yang G, He Y, Cao Z, Gao J, Zhao H, Piao Z, Wang J, Abdelkader AM, Liang Z, Kumar RV, Zhou G, Ding S, Xi K. Degradation Mechanisms of Electrodes Promotes Direct Regeneration of Spent Li-Ion Batteries: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313273. [PMID: 38533901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The rapid growth of electric vehicle use is expected to cause a significant environmental problem in the next few years due to the large number of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Recycling spent LIBs will not only alleviate the environmental problems but also address the challenge of limited natural resources shortages. While several hydro- and pyrometallurgical processes are developed for recycling different components of spent batteries, direct regeneration presents clear environmental, and economic advantages. The principle of the direct regeneration approach is restoring the electrochemical performance by healing the defective structure of the spent materials. Thus, the development of direct regeneration technology largely depends on the formation mechanism of defects in spent LIBs. This review systematically details the degradation mechanisms and types of defects found in diverse cathode materials, graphite anodes, and current collectors during the battery's lifecycle. Building on this understanding, principles and methodologies for directly rejuvenating materials within spent LIBs are outlined. Also the main challenges and solutions for the large-scale direct regeneration of spent LIBs are proposed. Furthermore, this review aims to pave the way for the direct regeneration of materials in discarded lithium-ion batteries by offering a theoretical foundation and practical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guorui Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yujia He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenjiang Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhihong Piao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Amr M Abdelkader
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole House, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Zheng Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - R Vasant Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kai Xi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Lin H, Kang X, Xu G, Chen Y, Zhong K, Zhang JM, Huang Z. A synergetic promotion of surface stability for high-voltage LiCoO 2 by multi-element surface doping: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4174-4183. [PMID: 38230505 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of high-voltage LiCoO2 is an effective approach to break through the bottleneck of practical energy density in lithium ion batteries. However, the structural and interfacial degradations at the deeply delithiated state as well as the associated safety concerns impede the application of high-voltage LiCoO2. Herein, we present a synergetic strategy for promoting the surface stability of LiCoO2 at high voltage by Ti-Mg-Al co-doping and systematically study the effects of the dopants on the surface stability, electronic structure and Li+ diffusion properties of the LiCoO2 (104) surface using first-principles calculations. It is found that Ti, Mg and Al dopants can be facilely introduced into the Co sites of the LiCoO2 (104) surface. Furthermore, the co-doping could significantly stabilize the surface oxygen of LiCoO2 at a high delithiation state. Particularly, by aggregating Ti-Mg-Al co-dopant distribution in the surface layer, surface oxygen loss is dramatically suppressed. In addition, analysis of the electronic structure indicates that Ti-Mg-Al co-doping can enhance the electronic conductivity of the LiCoO2 (104) surface and greatly inhibit the charge deficiency of the superficial lattice O atoms at a highly delithiated state. In spite of a negligible improvement in the surface Li+ diffusion kinetics, the Ti-Mg-Al surface-modified LiCoO2 is expected to exhibit improved electrochemical performance at high voltage due to its superior surface stability. Our results suggest that aggregating Ti, Mg and Al co-dopant distribution in the surface layer is a promising modulation strategy to synergistically promote the surface oxygen stability of LiCoO2 at high voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Xiumei Kang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Guigui Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
- Concord University College Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Kehua Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Zhigao Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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Li Y, Zan M, Chen P, Huang Y, Xu X, Zhang C, Cai Z, Yu X, Li H. Facile Solid-State Synthesis to In Situ Generate a Composite Coating Layer Composed of Spinel-Structural Compounds and Li 3PO 4 for Stable Cycling of LiCoO 2 at 4.6 V. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37883525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high energy density, high-voltage LiCoO2 is the preferred cathode material for consumer electronic products. However, its commercial viability is hindered by rapid capacity decay resulting from structural degradation and surface passivation during cycling at 4.6 V. The key to achieving stable cycling of LiCoO2 at high voltages lies in constructing a highly stable interface to mitigate surface side reactions. In this study, we present a facile in situ coating strategy that is amenable to mass production through a simple wet-mixing process, followed by high-temperature calcination. By capitalizing on the facile dispersion characteristics of nano-TiO2 in ethanol and the ethanol dissolubility of LiPO2F2, we construct a uniform precoating layer on LiCoO2 with nano-TiO2 and LiPO2F2. The subsequent thermal treatment triggers an in situ reaction between the coating reagents and LiCoO2, yielding a uniform composite coating layer. This composite layer comprises spinel-structured compounds (e.g., LiCoTiO4) and Li3PO4, which exhibit excellent chemical and structural stability under high-voltage conditions. The uniform and stable coating layer effectively prevents direct contact between LiCoO2 and the electrolyte, thereby reducing side reactions and suppressing the surface passivation of LiCoO2 particles. As a result, coated LiCoO2 maintains favorable electronic and ionic conductivity even after prolonged cycling. The synergistic effects of spinel-structured compounds and Li3PO4 contribute to the superior performance of LiCoO2, demonstrating a high capacity of 202.1 mA h g-1 (3.0-4.6 V, 0.5 C, 1 C = 274 mA g-1), with a capacity retention rate of 96.7% after 100 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Zan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Penghao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Xilin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyuan Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center on Clean Energy, Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
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Double function-layers construction strategy promotes the cycling stability of LiCoO2 under high temperature and high voltage. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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