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Chen Y, Duan F, Zhang J, Xu SC, Ren SB, Zhang L, Han DM. Functionalization of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Thiazole Rings and Hydroxyl Groups for Improved Photocatalytic Water Splitting Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:29504-29514. [PMID: 40327320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production holds considerable potential for simultaneously addressing fuel production and carbon neutrality, although increasing photocatalyst activity and enhancing exciton dissociation continue to be very difficult tasks. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with predesignable structures and customizable functionalities are promising candidates for photocatalysis. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of these COFs using thiazole rings as linkage units. Three COFs (denoted as COF-S-OH-1, COF-S-OH-2, and COF-S-OH-3) were prepared based on aldehyde ligands with varying numbers of hydroxyl groups (2-hydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde, respectively). The results demonstrate that COFs constructed with thiazole linkages exhibit superior stability and conjugation compared to those linked solely by imine bonds, ultimately achieving enhanced electronic conductivity. The tight interaction between donor and acceptor groups in this donor-acceptor (D-A) system facilitates an improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Furthermore, increasing the number of hydroxyl groups (electron-donating groups) significantly enhances the photocatalytic efficiency of the resulting COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feng Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shao-Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shi-Bin Ren
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - De-Man Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
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Luo Z, Zhu S, Xue H, Yang W, Zhang F, Xu F, Lin W, Wang H, Chen X. Manipulating p-π Resonance through Methoxy Group Engineering in Covalent Organic Frameworks for an Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202420217. [PMID: 39714598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202420217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Kinetic factors frequently emerge as the primary constraints in photocatalysis, exerting a critical influence on the efficacy of polymeric photocatalysts. The diverse conjugation systems within covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can significantly impact photon absorption, energy level structures, charge separation and migration kinetics. Consequently, these limitations often manifest as unsatisfactory kinetic behavior, which adversely affects the photocatalytic activity of COFs. To address these challenges, we propose a methoxy (-OMe) molecular engineering strategy designed to enhance charge carrier kinetics and mitigate mass transfer resistance. Through strategic modulation of the position and quantity of -OMe units, we can effectively manipulate the p-π conjugation, thereby enhancing charge separation and migration. Moreover, COFs enriched with -OMe moieties exhibit enhanced mass transfer dynamics due to the hydrophilic nature of methoxy groups, which facilitate the diffusion of reactants and products within the porous structure. This approach is hypothesized to drive an efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shipeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Huanglan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wanxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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Li M, Chi X, Zhang Z, Bi S, Meng F, Jiao Y, Mou K, Wang Z, Xue B, Li X, Zhang F. Mesoporous Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Heteroatom-Tuned Crystallinity and Photocatalytic Behaviors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411474. [PMID: 39007514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its prominent π-delocalization and stability, vinylene linkage holds great merits in the construction of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with promising semiconducting properties. However, carbon-carbon double bond formation reaction always exhibits relatively low reversibility, unfavorable for the formation of high crystalline frameworks through self-error correction and assembling processes. In this work, we report a heteroatom-tuned strategy to build up a series of two-dimensional (2D) vinylene-linked COFs by Knoevenagel condensation of an electron-deficient methylthiazolyl-based monomer with different triformyl substituted (hetero-)aromatic derivatives. The resulting COFs show high-quality periodic mesoporous structures with high surface areas. Embedding heteroatoms into the backbones enables significantly improving their crystallinity, and finely tailoring their semiconducting structures. Upon visible light stimulation, one of the as-prepared COFs with donor-π-acceptor structure could deliver a nearly seven-fold increase in the catalytic activity of hydrogen generation as compared with the other two. Meanwhile, in combination with high crystallinity and the matched conduction band energy level, such kind of COFs can be able to selectively generate singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals in a high ratio of up to 30 : 1, allowing for catalyzing aerobic thioanisole oxidation in distinctly tunable activities through the substituent electronic effect of the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xu Chi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuai Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaiwen Mou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bai Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Liu X, Xu J, Su X, Li Z, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yue G, Tian Y. Regulating superstructures of conjugated polymers towards enhanced and stable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via covalent crosslinking and complementary supramolecular self-assembly. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 671:779-789. [PMID: 38833910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The modulation of microstructures in conjugated polymers represents a viable strategy for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency, albeit hampered by complex processing techniques. Here, we present an uncomplicated, template-free method to synthesize polymeric photocatalysts, namely BCN(x)@PPy, featuring a hollow nanotube-nanocluster core-shell superstructure. This configuration is realized through intramolecular covalent crosslinking and synergistic intermolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions between phenylene pyrene (PPy, D) nanotubes and poly([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carbonitrile) (PBCN, A) nanoclusters. Interestingly, the optimized BCN2@PPy composite demonstrates remarkably enhanced performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, with an efficiency of 14.7-fold higher than that of unmodified PPy nanotubes. Experimental and density functional theory calculations revealed that BCN(x)@PPy composites are conducive to shortening photogenerated exciton migration, facilitating charge separation and transfer, reducing nanoclusters aggregation or re-stacking, and providing sufficient catalytically active sites, all contributing to the heightened efficiency in photocatalysis. These insights underscore the potential for precise molecular adjustments in conjugated polymers, advancing artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Su
- College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Zhanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Yanting Tian
- College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Yongjia Zhang
- College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Baoyou Liu
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Screen Display Organic Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia Sinostar Display Material Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750003, PR China
| | - Gang Yue
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Screen Display Organic Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia Sinostar Display Material Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750003, PR China
| | - Yue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
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5
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Zhang B, Gao H, Kang Y, Li X, Li Q, Zhai P, Hildebrandt D, Liu X, Wang Y, Qiao S. Molecular and Heterojunction Device Engineering of Solution-Processed Conjugated Reticular Oligomers: Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution through High-Effective Exciton Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308535. [PMID: 38454537 PMCID: PMC11095168 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) face limited processability challenges as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical water reduction. Herein, sub-10 nm benzothiazole-based colloidal conjugated reticular oligomers (CROs) are synthesized using an aqueous nanoreactor approach, and the end-capping molecular strategy to engineer electron-deficient units onto the periphery of a CRO nanocrystalline lattices (named CROs-Cg). This results in stable and processable "electronic inks" for flexible photoelectrodes. CRO-BtzTp-Cg and CRO-TtzTp-Cg expand the absorption spectrum into the infrared region and improve fluorescence lifetimes. Heterojunction device engineering is used to develop interlayer heterojunction and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoelectrodes with a hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and the main active layers, using a CROs/CROs-Cg or one-dimensional (1D) electron-donating polymer HP18 mixed solution via spinning coating. The ITO/CuI/CRO-TtzTp-Cg-HP18/SnO2/Pt photoelectrode shows a photocurrent of 94.9 µA cm‒2 at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is 47.5 times higher than that of ITO/Bulk-TtzTp. Density functional theory calculations show reduced energy barriers for generating adsorbed H* intermediates and increased electron affinity in CROs-Cg. Mott-Schottky and charge density difference analyses indicate enhanced charge carrier densities and accelerated charge transfer kinetics in BHJ devices. This study lays the groundwork for large-scale production of COF nanomembranes and heterojunction structures, offering the potential for cost-effective, printable energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfontein2028South Africa
| | - Huimin Gao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Yazhou Kang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Pengda Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Diane Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew Jersey08854USA
| | - Xinying Liu
- Institute for Catalysis and Energy SolutionsUniversity of South AfricaFlorida1709South Africa
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China
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6
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Wang T, Hussain I, Ma L, Zhong Y, Zhang W, Yang G. Rational synthesis of two isostructural thiophene-containing metal-organic frameworks toward photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:681-691. [PMID: 38271804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this work, thiophene moieties (as the crucial functional groups) have been successfully incorporated into the skeleton of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by using thienyl-substituted triazole ligands. Reaction of AgCF3SO3 with 3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-triazole (PTTzH) or 3,5-bis(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-triazole (BTTzH) afforded two isostructural MOFs (AgTz-3 and AgTz-4) in gram-scale. AgTz-4 with higher thiophene content showed significantly stronger photocatalytic activity than AgTz-3 with lower thiophene content. Noteworthy, the photodegradation rate constants of AgTz-4 were 0.055 mg·L-1·min-1 for rhodamine B and 0.24 min-1 for salazosulfapyridine, which is comparable or even higher than some MOF-based materials reported in the literature. More importantly, AgTz-4 demonstrated good reusability and stability after four cycles of photodegradation. Our experimental results revealed that the enhanced photodegradation efficiency can be attributed to the increased light absorption capacity and optimized band structure of Ag-MOFs resulting from the introduction of thiophene groups into MOF structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Limin Ma
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yujin Zhong
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Gu CC, Ni CQ, Wu RJ, Deng L, Zou J, Li H, Tong CY, Xu FH, Weng BC, Zhu RL. Donor-acceptor moiety functionalized covalent organic frameworks for boosting charge separation and H 2 photogeneration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:450-458. [PMID: 38118191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a broad prospect to be used as a photocatalytic platform to convert solar energy into valuable chemicals due to their tunable structures and rich active catalytic sites. However, constructing COFs with tuned sp2-carbon donor-acceptor moiety remains an enormous challenge. Herein, we synthesized two new fully π-conjugated cyano-ethylene-linked COFs containing benzotrithiophene as functional group by Knoevenagel polycondensation reaction. The accetpor 2,2'-bipyridine unit in BTT-BpyDAN-COF skeleton favored the formation of a intermolecular specific electron transport pathway with the donor benzotrithiophene, and thereby promoted charge separation and transfer efficiency. Specifically, a donor-acceptor (D-A) type BTT-BpyDAN-COF exhibited high hydrogen evolution rate of 10.1 mmol g-1h-1 and an excellent apparent quantum efficiency of 4.83 % under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Gu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen-Quan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Run-Juan Wu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chun-Yi Tong
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Ri-Long Zhu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Zheng X, Qiu W, Cui J, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Donor-Acceptor Interactions Enhanced Colorimetric Sensors for Both Acid and Base Vapor Based on Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303004. [PMID: 38189555 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the high surface area and uniform porosity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), they exhibit superior properties in capturing and detecting even trace amounts of gases in the air. However, the COFs materials that possess dual detected functionality are still less reported. Here, an imine-based COF containing thiophene as a donor and triazine as an acceptor to form spatial-distribution-defined D-A structures was prepared. D-A system between thiophene and triazine facilitates the charge transfer process during the protonation process of the imine and the triazine units. The obtained COF exhibits simultaneous sensing ability toward both acidic and alkaline vapors with obvious colorimetric sensing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Zheng
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Qiu
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Cui
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yunzheng Zhao
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxiu Zhang
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
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9
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He T, Zhao Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Conversion in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303086. [PMID: 37093128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying energy crises and severe environmental issues have led to the discovery of renewable energy sources, sustainable energy conversion, and storage technologies. Photocatalysis is a green technology that converts eco-friendly solar energy into high-energy chemicals. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous materials constructed by covalent bonds that show promising potential for converting solar energy into chemicals owing to their pre-designable structures, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, we highlight recent progress in the synthesis of COF-based photocatalysts and their applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and H2 O2 production. The challenges and future opportunities for the rational design of COFs for advanced photocatalysts are discussed. This Review is expected to promote further development of COFs toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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