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Wang Y, Li N, Huang GW, Liu Y, Li SZ, Cao RX, Xiao HM. Advancements in 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption: Mechanisms, Methods, Enhancements, and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2025:e2401982. [PMID: 39876638 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
With the advent of the 5G era, there has been a marked increase in research interest concerning electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. A critical challenge remains in improving the wave-absorbing properties of these materials while satisfying diverse application demands. MXenes, identified as prominent "emerging" 2D materials for wave absorption, offer unique advantages that are expected to drive advancements and innovations in this field. This review emphasizes the synthesis benefits provided by the unique structural characteristics of MXenes and the performance enhancements achieved through their combination with other absorbing materials. Material requirements, synthesis approaches, and conceptual frameworks are integrated to underscore these advantages. The study provides a thorough analysis of MXene-absorbing composites, going beyond basic classification to address preparation and modification processes affecting the absorption properties of MXenes and their composites. Attention is directed to synthesis techniques, structural design principles, and their influence on composite performance. Additionally, the potential applications of MXenes in electromagnetic wave absorbing devices are summarized. The review concludes by addressing the challenges currently confronting MXene materials and outlining expected developmental trends, aiming to offer guidance for subsequent research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Si-Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Yan S, Shao S, Tang Y, Zhang X, Guo C, Wang L, Liu J, Wu L, Wang F. Ultralight Hierarchical Fe 3O 4/MoS 2/rGO/Ti 3C 2T x MXene Composite Aerogels for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36962-36972. [PMID: 38959083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Aerogel-based composites, renowned for their three-dimensional (3D) network architecture, are gaining increasing attention as lightweight electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers. However, attaining high reflection loss, broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB), and ultrathin thickness concurrently presents a formidable challenge, owing to the stringent demands for precise structural regulation and incorporation of magnetic/dielectric multicomponents with synergistic loss mechanisms within the 3D networks. In this study, we successfully synthesized a 3D hierarchical porous Fe3O4/MoS2/rGO/Ti3C2Tx MXene (FMGM) composite aerogel via directional freezing and subsequent heat treatment processes. Owing to their ingenious structure and multicomponent design, the FMGM aerogels, featured with abundant heterogeneous interface structure and magnetic/dielectric synergism, show exceptional impedance matching characteristics and diverse EM wave absorption mechanisms. After optimization, the prepared ultralight (6.4 mg cm-3) FMGM-2 aerogel exhibits outstanding EM wave absorption performance, achieving a minimal reflection loss of -66.92 dB at a thickness of 3.61 mm and an EAB of 6.08 GHz corresponding to the thickness of 2.3 mm, outperforming most of the previously reported aerogel-based absorbing materials. This research presents an effective strategy for fabricating lightweight, ultrathin, highly efficient, and broad band EM wave absorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Shao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Chan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Luxue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Jiurong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Guo W, Shen S, Zhang Q, Chen X, Wang Z, Shao K, Sun Q, Li C. High-Compressive, Elastic, and Wearable Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Carbon Aerogels for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16612-16621. [PMID: 38509757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Developing excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with robust EMI shielding efficiency (SE), high mechanical performance, and multifunctionality is imperative. Carbon materials are well recognized as promising alternatives for high-performance EMI shielding, but their high brittleness greatly hampers their applications. In this work, a cellulose nanofiber/reduced graphene oxide-glucose carbon aerogel (C-CNFs/rGO-glu) with high compression, elasticity, and excellent EMI shielding performance was fabricated by directional freeze-drying followed by carbonization. Specifically, the height and stress retention are 88% and 90.9%, respectively, after 100 cycles of compression release at a high strain of 70%. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the aerogels reached 67.5 dB and presented an absorption-dominant shielding mechanism with a 97.5% absorption loss ratio. Further, the carbon aerogel could capture subtle electrical signals to monitor different human behaviors and showed excellent heat insulation and infrared stealth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Weijia Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Shunyu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Kai Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Caicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
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Wang W, Nan K, Zheng H, Li Q, Wang Y. Heterostructure design of one-dimensional ZnO@CoNi/C multilayered nanorods for high-efficiency microwave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:491-501. [PMID: 38070335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Dimensional design and heterogeneous interface engineering are promising approaches for the fabrication of superior absorbers with high loss performance and a wide effective bandwidth. Therein, ZnO nanorods were successfully synthesized and combined with CoNi nanosheets by hydrothermal method, and PDA was then encapsulated on the surface of the material to form a unique one dimensional (1D) core-sheath structure. The extensive defects and residual functional groups are present in the calcined material, as well as the multiple heterogeneous interfaces enhance the dielectric loss induced by polarization. Simultaneously, the 1D structure wrapped with PDA offers an efficient pathway for electron transfer, hence facilitating the enhancement of conductive loss. In addition, the CoNi-LDHs sheet layer stacked on the surface not only causes multiple scattering and reflections of electromagnetic waves, but also provides magnetic losses to optimize the impedance matching. Finally, radar cross section (RCS) simulations further reveal that the composite can dissipate electromagnetic energy in practical applications. Consequently, the 1D multilayer ZnO@CoNi/C composite exhibits an optimal reflection loss of -55 dB with a thickness of 2.3 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) value of 6.8 GHz when the filling ratio is only 20 wt%. In summary, this paper provides a new direction for the fabrication of 1D multilayer nonhomogeneous interfacial absorbers with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Kai Nan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Wang YQ, Cao M, Liu BW, Zeng FR, Fu Q, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Controllable proton-reservoir ordered gel towards reversible switching and reliable electromagnetic interference shielding. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:978-987. [PMID: 38112580 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01795h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Smart and dynamic electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials possess a remarkable capacity to modify their EMI shielding abilities, rendering them invaluable in various civil and military applications. However, the present response mechanism of switch-type EMI shielding materials is slightly restricted, as it primarily depends on continuous pressure induction, thereby resulting in concerns regarding their durability and reliability. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate a novel method for achieving solvent-responsive, reversible switching, and robust EMI shielding capabilities using a controlled proton-reservoir ordered gel. The gel contains polyaniline (PANI) and sodium alginate (SA). Initially, SA acts as a proton reservoir for PANI in an aqueous system, enhancing the doping level of PANI and improving its electrical conductivity. Additionally, PANI and SA chains respond to diverse polar solvents, such as water, acetonitrile, ethanol, n-hexane, and air, inducing distinct conformations that affect the degree of PANI conjugation and electron migration along the chains. This process is reversible and non-destructive to the polymer chain, ensuring the effective and uncompromised performance of the EMI shielding switch. We can achieve precise and reversible tuning (on/off) of EMI shielding with different effectiveness levels by manipulating the solvents within the framework. This work opens a new solvent-stimuli avenue for the development of EMI shielding materials with reliable and intelligent on/off switching capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Min Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Li Y, Guan G, Yan L, Zhang K, Xiang J. Fe 2P nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanofiber composite towards lightweight and highly efficient microwave absorption. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17689-17695. [PMID: 37986578 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
An Fe2P nanoparticle (Fe2P NP)-decorated carbon nanofiber (represented as Fe2P@CNF) composite was in situ prepared by electrospinning and subsequent high-temperature treatment. Benefitting from the synergy effect between Fe2P NPs and CNFs, as well as improved interface polarization and impedance matching, the Fe2P@CNF composite exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance relative to pure CNFs, in which the Fe2P@CNF composite with a fill loading of only 10 wt% possesses a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -49.2 dB at 3.0 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.0 GHz at 2.2 mm. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach for the design and synthesis of an Fe2P@CNF composite with high-performance microwave absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Guangguang Guan
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Liang Yan
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Kaiyin Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China.
| | - Jun Xiang
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
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Xu X, Xing Y, Liu L. Construction of MoS 2-ReS 2 Hybrid on Ti 3C 2T x MXene for Enhanced Microwave Absorption. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1996. [PMID: 38004853 PMCID: PMC10673285 DOI: 10.3390/mi14111996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing interface engineering to construct abundant heterogeneous interfaces is an important means to improve the absorbing performance of microwave absorbers. Here, we have prepared the MXene/MoS2-ReS2 (MMR) composite with rich heterogeneous interfaces composed of two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene and two-dimensional transition metal disulfides through a facile hydrothermal process. The surface of MXene is completely covered by nanosheets of MoS2 and ReS2, forming a hybrid structure. MRR exhibits excellent absorption performance, with its strongest reflection loss reaching -51.15 dB at 2.0 mm when the filling ratio is only 10 wt%. Meanwhile, the effective absorption bandwidth covers the range of 5.5-18 GHz. Compared to MXene/MoS2 composites, MRR with a MoS2-ReS2 heterogeneous interface exhibits stronger polarization loss ability and superior absorption efficiency at the same thickness. This study provides a reference for the design of transition metal disulfides-based absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- School of Business and Trade, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Youqiang Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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