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Xu L, Zhang J, Luo J, Cui Y, Chen J, Zeng B, Deng Z, Shao L. "Double-sided protector" Janus hydrogels for skin and mucosal wound repair: applications, mechanisms, and prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2025; 23:387. [PMID: 40426120 PMCID: PMC12117736 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-025-03438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Skin and mucous membranes serve as crucial barrier tissues within the human body. Defective wound healing not only inflicts pain but also heightens the risk of infection and impairs immune function. Janus hydrogels possess two-sided distinct asymmetric structures that endow them with diverse properties such as high water absorbency, flexibility, anti-adhesion ability etc. These hydrogels also exhibit great potential in biofluid transport, drug delivery and promoting tissue repair. Currently, research efforts predominantly concentrate on the preparation techniques, properties, and biomedical applications. This review summarized its structural characteristics and different forms of designations, and focused on the possible mechanisms, the existing problems and improvement strategies for the skin and mucous tissues wound, aiming to provide new design ideas for repairing complex skin and mucous membrane tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laijun Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Junsi Luo
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yiteng Cui
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Zhiyuan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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