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Magari Y, Aman SGM, Koretomo D, Masuda K, Shimpo K, Makino H, Kimura M, Furuta M. Record-High-Performance Hydrogenated In-Ga-Zn-O Flexible Schottky Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47739-47746. [PMID: 33047607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-performance In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) Schottky diodes (SDs) were fabricated using hydrogenated IGZO (IGZO:H) at a maximum process temperature of 150 °C. IGZO:H was prepared by Ar + O2 + H2 sputtering. IGZO:H SDs on a glass substrate exhibited superior electrical properties with a very high rectification ratio of 3.8 × 1010, an extremely large Schottky barrier height of 1.17 eV, and a low ideality factor of 1.07. It was confirmed that the hydrogen incorporated during IGZO:H deposition increased the band gap energy from 3.02 eV (IGZO) to 3.29 eV (IGZO:H). Thus, it was considered that the increase in band gap energy (decrease in electron affinity) of IGZO:H contributed to the increase in the Schottky barrier height of the SDs. Angle-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that oxygen vacancies in IGZO:H were much fewer than those in IGZO, especially in the region near the film surface. Moreover, it was found that the density of near-conduction band minimum states in IGZO:H was lower than that in IGZO. Therefore, IGZO:H played a key role in improving the Schottky interface quality, namely, the increase of Schottky barrier height, decrease of oxygen vacancies, and reduction of near-conduction band minimum states. Finally, we fabricated a flexible IGZO:H SD on a poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrate, and it exhibited record electrical properties with a rectification ratio of 1.7 × 109, Schottky barrier height of 1.12 eV, and ideality factor of 1.10. To the best of our knowledge, both the IGZO:H SDs formed on glass and poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrates achieved the best performance among the IGZO SDs reported to date. The proposed method successfully demonstrated great potential for future flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Magari
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - S G Mehadi Aman
- Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Daichi Koretomo
- Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Masuda
- Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimpo
- Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Hisao Makino
- Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- School of Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Department of Electronics and Informatics, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
| | - Mamoru Furuta
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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Kumar A, Kapoor R, Garg M, Kumar V, Singh R. Direct evidence of barrier inhomogeneities at metal/AlGaN/GaN interfaces using nanoscopic electrical characterizations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:26LT02. [PMID: 28498825 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa72d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The existence of barrier inhomogeneities at metal-semiconductor interfaces is believed to be one of the reasons for the non-ideal behaviour of Schottky contacts. In general, barrier inhomogeneities are modelled using a Gaussian distribution of barrier heights of nanoscale patches having low and high barrier heights, and the standard deviation of this distribution roughly estimates the level of barrier inhomogeneities. In the present work, we provide direct experimental evidence of barrier inhomogeneities by performing electrical characterizations on individual nanoscale patches and, further, obtaining the magnitude of these inhomogeneities. Localized current-voltage measurements on individual nanoscale patches were performed using conducting atomic force microscopy (CAFM) whereas surface potential variations on nanoscale dimensions were investigated using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements. The CAFM measurements revealed the distribution of barrier heights, which is attributed to surface potential variations at nanoscale dimensions, as obtained from KPFM measurements. The present work is an effort to provide direct evidence of barrier inhomogeneities, finding their origin and magnitude by combining CAFM and KPFM techniques and correlating their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India. Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Fully transparent high performance thin film transistors with bilayer ITO/Al-Sn-Zn-O channel structures fabricated on glass substrate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1497. [PMID: 28473695 PMCID: PMC5431434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, fully transparent high performance double-channel indium-tin-oxide/Al–Sn–Zn–O thin-film transistors (ITO/ATZO TFTs) are successfully fabricated on glass by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The ITO layer acts as the bottom channel layer to increase the channel carrier concentration. The top ATZO channel layer, which is deposited via high oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering process, is useful to control the minimum off-state current. After annealing, the ITO/ATZO TFT demonstrates outstanding electrical performances, including a high ON/OFF current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 3.5 × 108, a steep threshold swing (SS) of 142.2 mV/decade, a superior saturation mobility (μsat) of 246.0 cm2/Vs, and a threshold voltage VT of 0.5 V. The operation mechanisms for double-channel structures are also clarified.
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Lee S, Nathan A. Subthreshold Schottky-barrier thin-film transistors with ultralow power and high intrinsic gain. Science 2016; 354:302-304. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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