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Dhiman V, Singh S, Srivastava V, Garg S, Saran AD. Nanomaterials for photo-electrochemical water splitting: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30629-y. [PMID: 37906330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the global rise in energy demand has prompted researchers to investigate the energy requirements from alternative green fuels apart from the conventional fossil fuels, due to the surge in CO2 emission levels. In this context, the global demand for hydrogen is anticipated to extend by 4-5% in the next 5 years. Different production technologies like gasification of coal, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, and reforming of natural gas are used to obtain high yields of hydrogen. In present time, 96% of hydrogen is produced by the conventional methods, and the remaining 4% is produced by the electrolysis of water. Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising and progressive solar-to-hydrogen pathway with high conversion efficiency at low operating temperatures with substrate electrodes such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), incorporated with photocatalytic nanomaterials. Several semiconducting nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, TiO2, ZnO, graphene, alpha-Fe2O3, WO3, metal nitrides, metal phosphides, cadmium-based quantum dots, and rods have been reported for PEC water splitting. The design of photocatalytic electrodes plays a crucial role for efficient PEC water splitting process. By modifying the composition and morphology of photocatalytic nanomaterials, the overall solar-to-hydrogen (STH) energy conversion efficiency can be improved by optimizing their opto-electronic properties. The present article highlights the recent advancements in cleaner and effective photocatalysts for producing high yields of hydrogen via PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dhiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Sangeeta Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Amit D Saran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India.
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Garg P, Mohapatra L, Poonia AK, Kushwaha AK, Adarsh KNVD, Deshpande U. Single Crystalline α-Fe 2O 3 Nanosheets with Improved PEC Performance for Water Splitting. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38607-38618. [PMID: 37867698 PMCID: PMC10586280 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of a densely grown single crystalline hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanosheet photoanode for water splitting. Unlike expensive ITO/FTO substrates, the sheets were grown on a piece of pure Fe through controlled thermal oxidation, which is a facile low cost and one-step synthesis route. The sheets grow with a widest surface parallel to basal plane (0001). Iron oxide formed on Fe consisting of layer structure α-Fe2O3-Fe3O4-Fe is elucidated from GIXRD and correlated to spectral features observed in Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy. The top α-Fe2O3 nanosheet layer serves as a photoanode, whereas the conducting Fe3O4 layer serves to transport photogenerated electrons to the counter electrode through its back contact. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements revealed significantly prolonged carrier lifetime compared to that of bulk. Compared to the thin film of α-Fe2O3 grown on the FTO substrate, ∼3 times higher photocurrent density (0.33 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE) was achieved in the nanosheet sample under solar simulated AM 1.5 G illumination. The sample shows a bandgap of 2.1 eV and n-type conductivity with carrier density 9.59 × 1017 cm-3. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements reveal enhanced charge transport properties. The results suggest that nanosheets synthesized by the simple method yield far better PEC performance than the thin film on the FTO substrate. The anodic shifts of flat band potential, delayed electron-hole recombination, and growth direction parallel to the highly conducting basal plane (0001) being some of the contributing factors to the higher photocurrent observed in the NS photoanode are discussed. Characterizations carried out before and after the PEC reaction show excellent stability of the nanosheets in an alkaline electrochemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Garg
- UGC-DAE
Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Lokanath Mohapatra
- Department
of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Poonia
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Kushwaha
- Department
of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | | | - Uday Deshpande
- UGC-DAE
Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Zhang G, Lu C, Li C, Li S, Zhao X, Nie K, Wang J, Feng K, Zhong J. CoMoO 4-modified hematite with oxygen vacancies for high-efficiency solar water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13410-13416. [PMID: 37161656 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01192e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematite is a potential photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Nevertheless, its water oxidation efficiency is highly limited by its significant photogenerated carrier recombination, poor conductivity and slow water oxidation kinetics. Herein, under low-vacuum (LV) conditions, we fabricated a CoMoO4 layer on oxygen-vacancy-modified hematite (CoMo-Fe2O3 (LV)) for the first time for efficient solar water splitting. The existence of oxygen vacancies can significantly facilitate the electrical conductivity, while the large onset potential along with oxygen vacancies can be lowered by the CoMoO4 with accelerated water oxidation kinetics. Therefore, a high photocurrent density of 3.53 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE was obtained for the CoMo-Fe2O3 (LV) photoanode. Moreover, it can be further coupled with the FeNiOOH co-catalyst to reach a benchmark photocurrent of 4.18 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is increased around 4-fold compared with bare hematite (0.90 mA cm-2). The combination of CoMoO4, FeNiOOH, and oxygen vacancies may be used as a reasonable strategy for developing high-efficiency hematite-based photoelectrodes for solar water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoteng Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chang Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kaiqi Nie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Synthesis of Rape Pollen-Fe2O3 Biohybrid Catalyst and Its Application on Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Properties. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient biohybrid photocatalysts were prepared with different weight ratios of Fe2O3 and treated rape pollen (TRP). The synthesized samples were characterized by different analytical techniques. The results showed that carbonized rape pollen had a three-dimensional skeleton and granular Fe2O3 uniformly covered the surface of TRP. The Fe2O3/TRP samples were used for degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Escherichia Coli (E. coli) disinfection in water under visible light. The degradation of MB and inactivation of E. coli was achieved to 93.7% in 300 min and 99.14% in 100 min, respectively. We also explored the mechanism during the reaction process, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals play a major role throughout the reaction process. This work provides new ideas for the preparation of high-performance photocatalysts by combining semiconductors with earth-abundant biomaterials.
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Lv X, Zhang G, Wang M, Li G, Deng J, Zhong J. How titanium and iron are integrated into hematite to enhance the photoelectrochemical water oxidation: a review. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1406-1420. [PMID: 36594624 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematite has been considered as a promising photoanode candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation and has attracted numerous interests in the past decades. However, intrinsic drawbacks drastically lower its photocatalytic activity. Ti-based modifications including Ti-doping, Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5 heterostructures, TiO2 passivation layers, and Ti-containing underlayers have shown great potential in enhancing the PEC conversion efficiency of hematite. Moreover, the combination of Ti-based modifications with various strategies towards more efficient hematite photoanodes has been widely investigated. Nevertheless, a corresponding comprehensive overview, especially with the most recent working mechanisms, is still lacking, limiting further improvement. In this respect, by summarizing the recent progress in Ti-modified hematite photoanodes, this review aims to demonstrate how the integration of titanium and iron atoms into hematite influences the PEC properties by tuning the carrier behaviours. It will provide more cues for the rational design of high-performance hematite photoanodes towards future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Lv
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Gaoteng Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Menglian Wang
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Guoqing Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Jiujun Deng
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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6
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Maity B, Taher M, Mazumdar S, Ueno T. Artificial metalloenzymes based on protein assembly. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Xiao J, Peng L, Gao L, Zhong J, Huang Z, Yuan E, Srinivasapriyan V, Zhou SF, Zhan G. Improving light absorption and photoelectrochemical performance of thin-film photoelectrode with a reflective substrate. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16600-16607. [PMID: 35479178 PMCID: PMC9031256 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The charge separation/transport efficiency is relatively high in thin-film hematite photoanodes in which the distance for charge transport is short, but simultaneously the high loss of light absorption due to transmission is confronted. To increase light absorption in thin-film Fe2O3:Ti, commercial substrates such as Cu foil, Ag foil, and a mirror are adopted acting as back-reflectors and individually integrated with the Fe2O3:Ti electrode. The promotion effect of the commercial back-reflectors on the light absorption efficiency and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of the hydrothermally prepared Fe2O3:Ti electrodes with a variety of film thicknesses is investigated. As a result, Ag foil and the mirror show favorable and equal efficacy while the promoting effect of Cu foil is limited. In addition, the photocurrent increment achieved by the Ag back-reflector decreases linearly along with the logarithmic of the film thickness and the optimized film thickness of the Fe2O3:Ti electrode is decreased from 520 to 290 nm. The high durability of Ag foil in the alkaline electrolyte during solar light irradiation is demonstrated. Furthermore, the reflective substrate also shows a promotion effect on the BiVO4 photoanode and CuBi2O4 photocathode, as well as the unbiased photocurrent from a tandem cell constituted by TiO2 and CuBi2O4. The charge separation/transport efficiency is relatively high in thin-film hematite photoanodes in which the distance for charge transport is short, but simultaneously the high loss of light absorption due to transmission is confronted.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Peng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Le Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Zhongliang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Enxian Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225002 P. R. China
| | - Vijayan Srinivasapriyan
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China
| | - Guowu Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 P. R. China
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8
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Jiang J, Wang H, An H, Du G. Controlled Growth of CdS Nanostep Structured Arrays to Improve Photoelectrochemical Performance. Front Chem 2020; 8:577582. [PMID: 33363104 PMCID: PMC7758423 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.577582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CdS nanostep-structured arrays were grown on F-doped tin oxide-coated glasses using a two-step hydrothermal method. The CdS arrays consisted of a straight rod acting as backbone and a nanostep-structured morphology on the surface. The morphology of the samples can be tuned by varying the reaction parameters. The phase purity, morphology, and structure of the CdS nanostep-structured arrays were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The light and photoelectrochemical properties of the samples were estimated by a UV-Vis absorption spectrum and photoelectrochemical cells. The experimental results confirmed that the special nanostep structure is crucial for the remarkable enhancement of the photoelectrochemical performance. Compared with CdS rod arrays, the CdS nanostep-structured arrays showed increased absorption ability and dramatically improved photocurrent and energy conversion efficiency. This work may provide a new approach for improving the properties of photoelectrodes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Jiang
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, China
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Gomez MA, Jiang R, Song M, Li D, Lea AS, Ma X, Wang H, Yin X, Wang S, Jia Y. Further insights into the Fe(ii) reduction of 2-line ferrihydrite: a semi in situ and in situ TEM study. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4938-4950. [PMID: 36132886 PMCID: PMC9417501 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00643b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The biotic or abiotic reduction of nano-crystalline 2-line ferrihydrite (2-line FH) into more thermodynamically stable phases such as lepidocrocite-LP, goethite-GT, magnetite-MG, and hematite-HT plays an important role in the geochemical cycling of elements and nutrients in aqueous systems. In our study, we employed the use of in situ liquid cell (LC) and semi in situ analysis in an environmental TEM to gain further insights at the micro/nano-scale into the reaction mechanisms by which Fe(ii)(aq) catalyzes 2-line FH. We visually observed for the first time the following intermediate steps: (1) formation of round and wire-shaped precursor nano-particles arising only from Fe(ii)(aq), (2) two distinct dissolution mechanisms for 2 line-FH (i.e. reduction of size and density as well as breakage through smaller nano-particles), (3) lack of complete dissolution of 2-line FH (i.e. "induction-period"), (4) an amorphous phase growth ("reactive-FH/labile Fe(iii) phase") on 2 line-FH, (5) deposition of amorphous nano-particles on the surface of 2 line-FH and (6) assemblage of elongated crystalline lamellae to form tabular LP crystals. Furthermore, we observed phenomena consistent with the movement of adsorbate ions from solution onto the surface of a Fe(iii)-oxy/hydroxide crystal. Thus our work here reveals that the catalytic transformation of 2-line FH by Fe(ii)(aq) at the micro/nano scale doesn't simply occur via dissolution-reprecipitation or surface nucleation-solid state conversion mechanisms. Rather, as we demonstrate here, it is an intricate chemical process that goes through a series of intermediate steps not visible through conventional lab or synchrotron bulk techniques. However, such intermediate steps may affect the environmental fate, bioavailability, and transport of elements of such nano-particles in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Gomez
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning 110142 China +86 15093716277 +86 15140014967
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Ruonan Jiang
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning 110142 China +86 15093716277 +86 15140014967
| | - Miao Song
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA +1 5093716242 +1 5093716277
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA +1 5093716242 +1 5093716277
| | - Alan Scott Lea
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning 110142 China +86 15093716277 +86 15140014967
| | - Xiuling Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 Liaoning China
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Zhang J, Li J, Zhang B, Ye J, Wang Y, Ye X. Sn-doped 3D ATO inverse opal/hematite hierarchical structures: facile fabrication and efficient photoelectrochemical performance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42049-42059. [PMID: 35558791 PMCID: PMC9092052 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling of hematite with a three-dimensional (3D) conductive inverse opal (IO) skeleton provides an efficient route to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of hematite without changing its chemical composition. In this work, novel 3D antimony-doped SnO2 (ATO) IO/hematite heterostructures were facilely fabricated, and their PEC properties were thoroughly studied. Analysis of the morphologies and photocurrent densities of the 3D ATO IO//Fe2O3 heterostructures reveals that the high conductivity of the ATO skeleton as well as the high specific area and good light harvesting properties of the 3D IO structures greatly enhance their PEC performance. In particular, further morphology tuning by changing the diameters of the ATO IO skeletons could optimize the optical and electrical properties of the as-prepared heterostructures, demonstrating the important influence of morphology engineering on PEC performance. Moreover, after a simple Sn-doping process, the PEC properties of the as-prepared structure could be further enhanced; a photocurrent density of 1.28 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE was obtained under AM 1.5G illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Boxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiaozhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
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Sharma P, Jang J, Lee JS. Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe2O3Photoanode. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Wook Jang
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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12
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Bu Q, Li S, Wu Q, Bi L, Lin Y, Wang D, Zou X, Xie T. Ferrihydrite-Modified Ti-Fe 2 O 3 as an Effective Photoanode: The Role of Interface Interactions in Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of Water Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3486-3494. [PMID: 30091281 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor electrodes integrated with cocatalysts are key components of photoelectrochemistry (PEC)-based solar-energy conversion. However, efforts to optimize the PEC device have been limited by an inadequate understanding of the interface interactions between the semiconductor-cocatalyst (sem|cat) and cocatalyst-electrolyte (cat|ele) interface. In our work, we used ferrihydrite (Fh)-modified Ti-Fe2 O3 as a model to explore the transfer process of photogenerated charge carriers between the Ti-Fe2 O3 -Fh (Ti-Fe2 O3 |Fh) interface and Fh-electrolyte (Fh|ele) interface. The results demonstrate that the biphasic structure (Fh/Ti-Fe2 O3 ) possesses the advantage that the minority hole transfer from Ti-Fe2 O3 to Fh is driven by the interfacial electric field at the Ti-Fe2 O3 |Fh interface; meanwhile, the holes reached at the surface of Fh can rapidly inject into the electrolyte across the Fh|ele interface. As a benefit from the improved charge transfer at the Ti-Fe2 O3 |Fh and Fh|ele interface, the photocurrent density obtained by Fh/Ti-Fe2 O3 can reach 2.32 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is three times higher than that of Ti-Fe2 O3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Bu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative, Chemistry of Advanced Materials., College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Qiannan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Bi
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Lin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tengfeng Xie
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
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Wang W, Jin C, Qi L. Hierarchical CdS Nanorod@SnO 2 Nanobowl Arrays for Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801352. [PMID: 30027578 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient photoanode based on CdS nanorod@SnO2 nanobowl (CdS NR@SnO2 NB) arrays is designed and fabricated by the preparation of SnO2 nanobowl arrays via nanosphere lithography followed by hydrothermal growth of CdS nanorods on the inner surface of the SnO2 nanobowls. A photoelectrochemical (PEC) device constructed by using this hierarchical CdS NR@SnO2 NB photoanode presents significantly enhanced performance with a photocurrent density of 3.8 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM1.5G solar light irradiation, which is about 2.5 times higher than that of CdS nanorod arrays. After coating with a thin layer of SiO2 , the photostability of the CdS NR@SnO2 NB arrays is greatly enhanced, resulting in a stable photoanode with a photocurrent density of 3.0 mA cm-2 retained at 1.23 V versus the RHE. The much improved performance of the CdS NR@SnO2 NB arrays toward PEC hydrogen generation can be ascribed to enlarged surface area arising from the hierarchical nanostructures, improved light harvesting owing to the NR@NB architecture containing multiple scattering centers, and enhanced charge separation/collection efficiency due to the favorable CdS-SnO2 heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Can Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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14
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Dzade NY, de Leeuw NH. Density functional theory characterization of the structures of H 3AsO 3 and H 3AsO 4 adsorption complexes on ferrihydrite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:977-987. [PMID: 29863203 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactions occurring at ferric oxyhydroxide surfaces play an important role in controlling arsenic bioavailability and mobility in natural aqueous systems. However, the mechanism by which arsenite and arsenate complex with ferrihydrite (Fh) surfaces is not fully understood and although there is clear evidence for inner sphere complexation, the nature of the surface complexes is uncertain. In this work, we have used periodic density functional theory calculations to predict the relative energies, geometries and properties of arsenous acid (H3AsO3) and arsenic acid (H3AsO4), the most prevalent form of As(iii) and As(v), respectively, adsorbed on Fh(110) surface at intermediate and high pH conditions. Bidentate binuclear (BB(Fe-O)) corner-sharing complexes are shown to be energetically favoured over monodentate mononuclear complexes (MM(Fe-O)) for both arsenic species. The inclusion of solvation effects by introducing water molecules explicitly near the adsorbing H3AsO3 and H3AsO4 species was found to increase their stability on the Fh surface. The adsorption process is shown to be characterized by hybridization between the interacting surface Fe-d states and the O and As p-states of the adsorbates. Vibrational frequency assignments of the As-O and O-H stretching modes of the adsorbed arsenic species are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y Dzade
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 1DF, UK.
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15
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Cao S, Wang CJ, Fu WF, Chen Y. Metal Phosphides as Co-Catalysts for Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4306-4323. [PMID: 29121451 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solar-to-hydrogen conversion based on photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting is considered as a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production. Developing earth-abundant H2 -production materials with robust activity and stability has become the mainstream in this field. Due to the unique properties and characteristics, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been proven to be high performance co-catalysts to replace some of the classic precious metal materials in photocatalytic water splitting. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent significant progress of TMPs as cocatalysts for water splitting reaction with high activity and stability. Firstly, the characteristic of TMPs is briefly introduced. Then, we mainly discuss the recent research efforts toward their application as photocatalytic co-catalysts in photocatalytic H2 -production, O2 -evolution and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Finally, the catalytic mechanism, current existing challenges and future working directions for improving the performance of TMPs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Fu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
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16
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Bu X, Wang G, Tian Y. Foreign In 3+ treatment improving the photoelectrochemical performance of a hematite nanosheet array for water splitting. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17513-17523. [PMID: 29109997 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we found that foreign metallic ion (In3+) treatment enhanced the photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of hematite nanosheets aligning on a substrate without joining the host lattice. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation indicated that the In3+ ion treatment nearly did not change the size and thickness of the hematite nanosheets during solvothermal synthesis. However, the treatment reduced nanosheet stacking and increased the active surface area of the hematite photoanode. Careful combined analyses involving Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that In3+ ions were not doped in the hematite nanosheets. Interestingly, after the In3+ treatment, the photoelectrochemical properties of the hematite nanosheets were highly enhanced when they were used as a photoanode for water splitting. The photocurrent density at 1.23 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) was 2.6 times as high as that of the hematite without In3+-treatment. The improved PEC activity was deduced to be associated with the increased active surface area for higher light absorption and more photoelectrode/electrolyte junctions, as well as higher carrier density after the In3+-treatment. Furthermore, the efficiencies of the surface charge separation and charge transfer for the In3+-treated hematite nanosheets also increased much more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Bu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Capital Normal University, 105 North Road of Western 3rd Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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17
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Sun Y, Xu B, Shen Q, Hang L, Men D, Zhang T, Li H, Li C, Li Y. Rapid and Efficient Self-Assembly of Au@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticle Arrays with an Enhanced and Tunable Plasmonic Absorption for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31897-31906. [PMID: 28853855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-quality Au@ZnO core-shell nanoparticle (NP) array films were easily and efficiently fabricated through an air/water interfacial self-assembly. These materials have remarkable visible light absorption capacity and fascinating performance in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting with a photocurrent density of ∼3.08 mA/cm2 at 0.4 V, which is superior to most ZnO-based photoelectrodes in studies. Additionally, the interesting PEC performance could be effectively adjusted by altering the thickness of the ZnO shell and/or the layer number of the array films. Results indicated that the bilayer film based on Au@ZnO NPs with 25 nm shell thickness displayed optimal behavior. The remarkable PEC capability could be ascribed to the enhanced light-harvesting ability of the Au@ZnO structured NPs by the SPR effect and the optimum film thickness. This work demonstrates a desirable paradigm for preparing photoelectrodes based on the synergistic effect of plasmatic NPs as the core and a visible optical absorbent and semiconductor as the shell. Moreover, this work provides a new approach for fabricating optoelectronic anode thin film devices through a self-assembly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Sun
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan, 250022 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shen
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection , Jinan, 250102 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Hang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Men
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Cuncheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan, 250022 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, P. R. China
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18
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Qin DD, He CH, Li Y, Trammel AC, Gu J, Chen J, Yan Y, Shan DL, Wang QH, Quan JJ, Tao CL, Lu XQ. Fe 2 PO 5 -Encapsulated Reverse Energetic ZnO/Fe 2 O 3 Heterojunction Nanowire for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Water. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2796-2804. [PMID: 28570775 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide is regarded as a promising candidate for application in photoelectrochemical water oxidation due to its higher electron mobility. However, its instability under alkaline conditions limits its application in a practical setting. Herein, we demonstrate an easily achieved wet-chemical route to chemically stabilize ZnO nanowires (NWs) by protecting them with a thin layer Fe2 O3 shell. This shell, in which the thickness can be tuned by varying reaction times, forms an intact interface with ZnO NWs, thus protecting ZnO from corrosion in a basic solution. The reverse energetic heterojunction nanowires are subsequently activated by introducing an amorphous iron phosphate, which substantially suppressed surface recombination as a passivation layer and improved photoelectrochemical performance as a potential catalyst. Compared with pure ZnO NWs (0.4 mA cm-2 ), a maximal photocurrent of 1.0 mA cm-2 is achieved with ZnO/Fe2 O3 core-shell NWs and 2.3 mA cm-2 was achieved for the PH3 -treated NWs at 1.23 V versus RHE. The PH3 low-temperature treatment creates a dual function, passivation and catalyst layer (Fe2 PO5 ), examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TEM, photoelectrochemical characterization, and impedance measurements. Such a nano-composition design offers great promise to improve the overall performance of the photoanode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Qin
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Hua He
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Antonio C Trammel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - Duo-Liang Shan
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Quan
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lan Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Quan Lu
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
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19
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Wang J, Waters JL, Kung P, Kim SM, Kelly JT, McNamara LE, Hammer NI, Pemberton BC, Schmehl RH, Gupta A, Pan S. A Facile Electrochemical Reduction Method for Improving Photocatalytic Performance of α-Fe 2O 3 Photoanode for Solar Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:381-390. [PMID: 27995797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction method is used for the first time to significantly improve the photo-electrochemical performance of α-Fe2O3 photoanode prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates by spin-coating aqueous solution of Fe(NO3)3 followed by thermal annealing in air. Photocurrent density of α-Fe2O3 thin film photoanode can be enhanced 25 times by partially reducing the oxide film to form more conductive Fe3O4 (magnetite). Fe3O4 helps facilitate efficient charge transport and collection from the top α-Fe2O3 layer upon light absorption and charge separation to yield enhanced photocurrent density. The optimal enhancement can be obtained for <50 nm films because of the short charge transport distance for the α-Fe2O3 layer. Thick α-Fe2O3 films require more charge and overpotential than thinner films to achieve limited enhancement because of the sluggish charge transport over a longer distance to oxidize water. Electrochemical reduction of α-Fe2O3 in unbuffered pH-neutral solution yields much higher but unstable photocurrent enhancement because of the increase in local pH value accompanied by proton reduction at a hematite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38655, United States
| | - Louis E McNamara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38655, United States
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38655, United States
| | - Barry C Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Russell H Schmehl
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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20
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Kment S, Riboni F, Pausova S, Wang L, Wang L, Han H, Hubicka Z, Krysa J, Schmuki P, Zboril R. Photoanodes based on TiO2and α-Fe2O3for solar water splitting – superior role of 1D nanoarchitectures and of combined heterostructures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3716-3769. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting represents a promising approach for a sustainable and environmentally friendly production of renewable energy vectors and fuel sources, such as H2.
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21
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Guan Y, Feng Y, Mu Y, Fang L, Zhang H, Wang Y. Ultra-tiny ZnMn 2O 4 nanoparticles encapsulated in sandwich-like carbon nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:475402. [PMID: 27775916 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/47/475402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Known as an excellent energy storage material, ZnMn2O4 has a wide range of applications in supercapacitors. In this report, a special sandwich-like structure of ZnMn2O4/C has been first designed and synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent calcinations. The designed special sandwich-like structure can benefit ion exchange and remit the probable volume changes during a mass of electrochemical reactions. Furthermore, the porous carbon nanosheets, derived from low-cost glucose, can effectively increase ion flux. Therefore, the novel sandwich-like ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanosheets can undoubtedly demonstrate an exceptional electrochemical performance for SCs. In this work, the composite material with porous sandwich-like structure exhibits excellent cyclic stability for 5000 cycles (∼5% loss) and high specific capacitance of 1786 F g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Guan
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wang J, Su J, Guo L. Controlled Aqueous Growth of Hematite Nanoplate Arrays Directly on Transparent Conductive Substrates and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2328-34. [PMID: 27363594 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 28, Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jinzhan Su
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 28, Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China
| | - Liejin Guo
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 28, Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China
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Peerakiatkhajohn P, Yun JH, Chen H, Lyu M, Butburee T, Wang L. Stable Hematite Nanosheet Photoanodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6405-10. [PMID: 27167876 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A vertically grown hematite nanosheet film modified with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and Co-Pi cocatalyst exhibits a remarkably high photocurrent density of 4.68 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V versus RHE. The Ag NPs leads to significantly improved light harvesting and better charge transfer, while the Co-Pi facilitates a highly stable oxygen evolution process. This photoelectrode design provides more efficient photoelectrochemical systems for solar-energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangjai Peerakiatkhajohn
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Miaoqiang Lyu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Teera Butburee
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Zhang X, Yang F, Cui S, Wei W, Chen W, Mi L. Consecutive Reaction to Construct Hierarchical Nanocrystalline CuS "Branch" with Tunable Catalysis Properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30604. [PMID: 27465583 PMCID: PMC4964342 DOI: 10.1038/srep30604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
New CuS nanocrystals with a 3D hierarchical branched structure are successfully synthesized through in situ consecutive reaction method with copper foam as template. The formation mechanism of the 3D hierarchical branched structure obtained from the secondary reaction is investigated by adjusting the reaction time. The morphology of CuS nanosheet arrays with the 3D hierarchical branched structure is changed through Cu(2+) exchange. In this method, the copper foam reacted completely, and the as-synthesized CuS@Cu9S5 nanocrystals are firmly grown on the surface of the 3D framework. This tunable morphology significantly influence the physical and chemical properties, particularly catalytic performance, of the materials. The as-obtained material of Cu@CuS-2 with the 3D hierarchical branched structure as catalyst for methylene blue degradation exhibits good catalytic performance than that of the material of Cu@CuS with 2D nanosheets in dark environment. Furthermore, the cation exchange between Cu and Cu(2+) indicates that Cu(2+) in wastewater could be absorbed by Cu@CuS-2 with the 3D hierarchical branched structure. The exchanged resultant of CuS@Cu9S5 retains its capability to degrade organic dyes. This in situ consecutive reaction method may have a significant impact on controlling the crystal growth direction of inorganic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdan Zhang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Shizhong Cui
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Wutao Wei
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
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Wang L, Tian G, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Fu H. In situ formation of a ZnO/ZnSe nanonail array as a photoelectrode for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9366-9375. [PMID: 27091395 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01969b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a ZnO/ZnSe nanonail array was prepared via a two-step sequential hydrothermal synthetic route. In this synthetic process, the ZnO nanorod array was first grown on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate using a seed-mediated growth approach via the hydrothermal process. Then, the ZnO nanonail array was obtained via in situ growth of ZnSe nano caps onto the ZnO nanorod array via a hydrothermal process in the presence of a Se source. The surface morphology and amount of ZnSe grown on the surface of the ZnO nanorods can be regulated by varying the reaction time and reactant concentration. Compared with pure ZnO nanorods, this unique nanonail array heterostructure exhibits enhanced visible light absorption. The transient photocurrent condition, in combination with steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, reveals that the ZnO/ZnSe nanonail array electrode has the highest charge separation rate, highest electron injection efficiency, and highest chemical stability. The photocurrent density of the ZnO/ZnSe nanonail array heterostructure reaches 1.01 mA cm(-2) at an applied potential of 0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which is much higher than that of the ZnO/ZnSe nanorod array (0.71 mA cm(-2)), the pristine ZnO nanorod array (0.39 mA cm(-2)), and the ZnSe electrode (0.21 mA cm(-2)), indicating its significant visible light driven activities for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. This unique morphology of nail-capped nanorods might be important for providing better insight into the correlation between heterostructure and photoelectrochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Guohui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Yajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Yuting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Honggang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
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