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Batool S, Guo W, Gill R, Xin W, Hu Y. Chitin based multi-layered coatings with flame retardancy an approach to mimic nacre: Synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Yildirimkaraman O, Özenler S, Gunay US, Durmaz H, Yıldız ÜH. Electroactive Nanogel Formation by Reactive Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyester and Branched Polyethylenimine via Aza-Michael Addition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10902-10913. [PMID: 34477388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We here demonstrate the utilization of reactive layer-by-layer (rLBL) assembly to form a nanogel coating made of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and alkyne containing polyester (PE) on a gold surface. The rLBL is generated by the rapid aza-Michael addition reaction of the alkyne group of PE and the -NH2 groups of BPEI by yielding a homogeneous gel coating on the gold substrate. The thickness profile of the nanogel revealed that a 400 nm thick coating is formed by six multilayers of rLBL, and it exhibits 50 nm roughness over 8 μm distance. The LBL characteristics were determined via depth profiling analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and it has been shown that a 70-100 nm periodic increase in gel thickness is a consequence of consecutive cycles of rLBL. A detailed XPS analysis was performed to determine the yield of the rLBL reaction: the average yield was deduced as 86.4% by the ratio of the binding energies at 286.26 eV, (C═CN-C bond) and 283.33 eV, (C≡C triple bond). The electrochemical characterization of the nanogels ascertains that up to the six-multilayered rLBL of BPEI-PE is electroactive, and the nanogel permeability had led to drive mass and charge transfer effectively. These results promise that nanogel formation by rLBL films may be a straightforward modification of electrodes approach, and it exhibits potential for the application of soft biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sezer Özenler
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Ümit Hakan Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
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Lipton J, Weng GM, Alhabeb M, Maleski K, Antonio F, Kong J, Gogotsi Y, Taylor AD. Mechanically strong and electrically conductive multilayer MXene nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20295-20300. [PMID: 31633712 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites offer the opportunity to bridge properties of nanomaterials to the macroscale. In this work, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is used to demonstrate nanocomposites of 2D titanium carbide nanosheets (MXene) and clay nanoplatelets (montmorillonite) to fabricate freestanding thin films with unique multifunctional properties. These thin films can be tuned by adjusting the thickness to exhibit a tensile strength of 138 MPa-225 MPa, EMI specific shielding effectiveness normalized to thickness and density up to 24 550 dB cm2 g-1, and sheet resistance from 855 Ω sq-1-3.27 kΩ sq-1 (corresponding to a range of conductivity from 53 S m-1 to 125 S m-1). This composite is the strongest MXene-based LbL film prepared to date, in part due to the nacre-like brick-and-mortar structure. Ultra-strong, multifunctional films of this nature are desirable for many applications ranging from membranes, to structural and multifunctional composites, energy harvesting and storage, and materials for aerospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lipton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA. and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Guo-Ming Weng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
| | - Mohamed Alhabeb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen Maleski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Francisco Antonio
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jaemin Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andre D Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
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Chowdhury RA, Nuruddin M, Clarkson C, Montes F, Howarter J, Youngblood JP. Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Coatings with Controlled Anisotropy as High-Performance Gas Barrier Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1376-1383. [PMID: 30566328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials are promising materials for the polymer industry due to their abundance and renewability. In packaging applications, these materials may impart enhanced gas barrier performance due to their high crystallinity and polarity. In this work, low barrier to superior gas barrier pristine nanocellulose films were produced using a shear-coating technique to obtain a range of anisotropic films. Induction of anisotropy in a nanocellulose film can control the overall free volume of the system which effectively controls the gas diffusion path; hence, controlled anisotropy results in tunable barrier properties of the nanocellulose films. The highest anisotropy materials showed a maximum of 900-fold oxygen barrier improvement compared to the isotropic arrangement of nanocellulose film. The Bharadwaj model of nanocomposite permeability was modified for pure nanoparticles, and the CNC data were fitted with good agreement. Overall, the oxygen barrier performance of anisotropic nanocellulose films was 97 and 27 times better than traditional barrier materials such as biaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (BoPET) and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), respectively, and thus could be utilized for oxygen-sensitive packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reaz A Chowdhury
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 W. Stadium Ave ., West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Md Nuruddin
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 W. Stadium Ave ., West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Caitlyn Clarkson
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 W. Stadium Ave ., West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Francisco Montes
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 W. Stadium Ave ., West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - John Howarter
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 W. Stadium Ave ., West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 W. Stadium Ave ., West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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An Q, Huang T, Shi F. Covalent layer-by-layer films: chemistry, design, and multidisciplinary applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5061-5098. [PMID: 29767189 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covalent layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a powerful method used to construct functional ultrathin films that enables nanoscopic structural precision, componential diversity, and flexible design. Compared with conventional LbL films built using multiple noncovalent interactions, LbL films prepared using covalent crosslinking offer the following distinctive characteristics: (i) enhanced film endurance or rigidity; (ii) improved componential diversity when uncharged species or small molecules are stably built into the films by forming covalent bonds; and (iii) increased structural diversity when covalent crosslinking is employed in componential, spacial, or temporal (labile bonds) selective manners. In this review, we document the chemical methods used to build covalent LbL films as well as the film properties and applications achievable using various film design strategies. We expect to translate the achievement in the discipline of chemistry (film-building methods) into readily available techniques for materials engineers and thus provide diverse functional material design protocols to address the energy, biomedical, and environmental challenges faced by the entire scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ultrastrong composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:936-943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Humood M, Qin S, Song Y, Polychronopoulou K, Zhang Y, Grunlan JC, Polycarpou AA. Influence of Graphene Reduction and Polymer Cross-Linking on Improving the Interfacial Properties of Multilayer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1107-1118. [PMID: 27992164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a versatile composite reinforcement candidate due to its strong mechanical, tunable electrical and optical properties, and chemical stability. However, one drawback is the weak interfacial bonding, which results in weak adhesion to substrates. This could be overcome by adding polymer layers to have stronger adherence to the substrate and between graphene sheets. These multilayer thin films were found to have lower resistance to lateral scratch forces when compared to other reinforcements such as polymer/clay nanocomposites. Two additional processing steps are suggested to improve the scratch resistance of these films: graphene reduction and polymer cross-linking. Graphene/polymer nanocomposites consisting of polyvinylamine (PVAm) and graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated using the layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) technique. The reduced elastic modulus and hardness of PVAm/GO films were measured using nanoindentation. Reducing GO enhances mechanical properties by 60-70% while polymer cross-linking maintains this enhancement. Both graphene reduction and polymer cross-linking show significant improvement to scratch resistance. Particularly, polymer cross-linking leads to films with higher elastic recovery, 50% lower adhesive and plowing friction coefficient, 140 and 50% higher adhesive and shear strength values, respectively, and lower material pileup and scratch width/depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Humood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Youfeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Jaime C Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Andreas A Polycarpou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
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Cheng C, Li S, Thomas A, Kotov NA, Haag R. Functional Graphene Nanomaterials Based Architectures: Biointeractions, Fabrications, and Emerging Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1826-1914. [PMID: 28075573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Humood M, Chowdhury S, Song Y, Tzeng P, Grunlan JC, Polycarpou AA. Nanomechanical Behavior of High Gas Barrier Multilayer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11128-38. [PMID: 27045231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindentation and nanoscratch experiments were performed on thin multilayer films manufactured using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. These films are known to exhibit high gas barrier, but little is known about their durability, which is an important feature for various packaging applications (e.g., food and electronics). Films were prepared from bilayer and quadlayer sequences, with varying thickness and composition. In an effort to evaluate multilayer thin film surface and mechanical properties, and their resistance to failure and wear, a comprehensive range of experiments were conducted: low and high load indentation, low and high load scratch. Some of the thin films were found to have exceptional mechanical behavior and exhibit excellent scratch resistance. Specifically, nanobrick wall structures, comprising montmorillonite (MMT) clay and polyethylenimine (PEI) bilayers, are the most durable coatings. PEI/MMT films exhibit high hardness, large elastic modulus, high elastic recovery, low friction, low scratch depth, and a smooth surface. When combined with the low oxygen permeability and high optical transmission of these thin films, these excellent mechanical properties make them good candidates for hard coating surface-sensitive substrates, where polymers are required to sustain long-term surface aesthetics and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Humood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Shahla Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Ping Tzeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
| | - Jaime C Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Andreas A Polycarpou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
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