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Choudhary BS, Kumar TA, Vashishtha A, Tejasri S, Kumar AS, Agarwal R, Chakrapani H. An esterase-cleavable persulfide donor with no electrophilic byproducts and a fluorescence reporter. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1727-1730. [PMID: 38240148 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and associated sulfur species known as persulfide or sulfane sulfur are considered among the first responders to oxidative stress. However, tools that reliably generate these species without any potentially toxic byproducts are limited, and even fewer report the generation of a persulfide. Here, using a latent fluorophore embedded with N-acetylcysteine persulfide, we report a new tool that is cleaved by esterase to produce a persulfide as well as a fluorescence reporter without any electrophilic byproducts. The rate of formation of the fluorescence reporter is nearly identical to the rate of formation of the persulfide suggesting that the use of this probe eliminates the need for secondary assays that report persulfide formation. Symptomatic with persulfide generation, the newly developed donor was able to protect chondrocyte cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat S Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - T Anand Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Akshi Vashishtha
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma Tejasri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Amal S Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
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2
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Jiang Y, Ran Z, Wu Y, Zhang M, Ma Y, Zhang D. Reversible fluorescent adhesives based on covalent adaptable networks with dynamic AIE crosslinking: in situ visualization of adhesion capability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12423-12426. [PMID: 37755140 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A new family of reversible fluorescent adhesives based on Diels-Alder covalent adaptable networks with dynamic AIE crosslinks was developed. The accurate intrinsic correlation between the emission behavior, cross-linking state, and adhesion capability can be established, enabling the in situ visualization of adhesion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Gang H, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Gu S, Zhuang Y, Xu W, Ke G, Li Z, Yang H. Bioinspired Natural Magnolol-Based Adhesive with Strong Adhesion and Antibacterial Properties for Application in Wet and Dry Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24846-24857. [PMID: 37183374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly, green, and nontoxic adhesives with excellent dry and wet adhesion properties is of great attraction. In nature, barnacles and mussels exhibit strong adhesion by secreting a hydroxyl-rich dopa. Inspired by their adhesion mechanism, a simple biobased MAG-PETMP (MP) adhesive was prepared from magnolol (MAG) and pentaerythritol tetra (3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) by a thiol-ene click chemistry reaction. MP as an adhesive exhibits high bond strength with other substrates due to hydrogen bonds formed by the abundant hydroxyl groups at the interface and shows an inherent thermosetting network structure. Since MP has a thermosetting network, it exhibits excellent thermal stability, solvent resistance, and high mechanical strength, which make the adhesive stable in a humid environment. The cross-linking degree of MP can be easily controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of MAG and PETMP. Among the synthesized samples, the elongation at break of the MP 1 formulation is 174.27%, which makes it promising for use as a flexible adhesive. Moreover, the inherent antibacterial properties of MAG enable MP to exhibit antimicrobial properties and antibacterial adhesion to some extent. This work provides a simple biomimetic strategy that could enable the application of MAG for adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Hanlin Gang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Naidan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shaojin Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | | | - Zhongyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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4
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Sun Q, Guo Y, Li X, Luo X, Qiu Y, Liu G. A tyrosinase fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift and high fluorescence enhancement for effective identification of liver cancer cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121831. [PMID: 36150261 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is widely regarded as an important biomarker for melanocytic and liver cancer. However, most currently reported tyrosinase probes have been focused on malignant melanoma study, and few tyrosinase probe have been applied for liver cancer investigation. Herein, we developed a novel probe HFC-TYR for sensitive and selective tracking of tyrosinase activity at enzyme and cellular level, and investigated its application for liver cancer diagnosis. As expected, HFC-TYR has excellent response ability for tyrosinase sensing at enzyme level, such as large Stokes shift (170 nm), high fluorescence enhancement (178-fold), low detection limit (0.12 U/mL), which indicates its potential for efficient identification of endogenous tyrosinase activity at cellular levels. Unsurprisingly, HFC-TYR is proved to be able detect endogenous tyrosinase levels in various living cells. More importantly, HFC-TYR is successfully used to distinguish HepG2 cells from other cells (SKOV3, HeLa and 293T), indicating that tyrosinase is overexpressed in HepG2 cells and HFC-TYR can specifically identify HepG2 cells at cellular level. Meanwhile, HFC-TYR is able to further monitor the endogenous tyrosinase activity in zebrafish models. Therefore, all the findings confirm that HFC-TYR has the application potential of liver cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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5
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Cyclododecane shaping, sublimation rate and residue analysis for the extraction of painting micro-samples from resin cross-sections. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19654. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCross-section preparation of painting micro-samples is part of their routine analysis. This type of preparation can be used for several analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. These techniques offer high-resolution imaging and/or elemental information, providing access to technical and material data important for the interpretation, preservation, and restoration of painted artworks. However, it also means that the material from the sample embedded in the resin becomes unreachable for further analysis, except for the polished surface of the cross-section. Degradation of the embedding medium can also occur over time, which can lead to misinterpretation, loss of information, or even complete destruction of the embedded sample. In the field of cultural heritage, cyclododecane (CDD) is commonly used for the consolidation and protection of objects, and is used in the preparation of cross-sections to prevent contamination of the sample by the embedding medium. This study enhanced the existing preparation process by shaping the CDD layer to enable extraction of the micro-sample from the resin if needed, without compromising the integrity of the sample. Moreover, the purity, the sublimation rate in a normal environment and a vacuum, and the impact of CDD on three different types of samples (historical painting on a canvas, wall painting fragment, model sample) were examined.
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6
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Conductive cross-section preparation of non-conductive painting micro-samples for SEM analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19650. [PMID: 36385138 PMCID: PMC9668980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a common method for the analysis of painting micro-samples. The high resolution of this technique offers precise surface analysis and can be coupled with an energy-dispersive spectrometer for the acquisition of the elemental composition. For light microscopy and SEM analysis, the painting micro-samples are commonly prepared as cross-sections, where the micro-sample positioned on the side is embedded in a resin. Therefore, the sequence of its layers is exposed after the cross-section is polished. In common cases outside of cultural heritage, a conductive layer is applied on the polished side, but in this field, the measurements are mostly done in low-vacuum SEM (LV-SEM). Although the charging effect is reduced in LV-SEM, it can still occur, and can hardly be prevented even with carbon tape or paint. This work presents two conductive cross-section preparation methods for non-conductive samples, which reduce charging effects without impairing the sample integrity.
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7
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Unveiling pressure-sensitive adhesiveness of a carbonized polymer dot. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Pyrroloquinoline Based Styryl Dyes Doped PMMA, PS, and PS/TiO2 Polymer for Fluorescent Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022; 32:2441-2454. [PMID: 35401069 PMCID: PMC8977565 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article presents two highly fluorescent donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) moieties containing an electron-donating carbazole and phenothiazine donors fused with electron-withdrawing pyrrolo-quinoline acceptor dyes, PQC and PQPT. We also discussed the polymerization and film-forming process of dye PQC and PQPT doped in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) polymer to find their optical applications in polymer-based technology. We investigated the fluorescent properties of dyes PQC and PQPT from 0.01 to 1 wt% in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). We also investigated the changes in the spectrum shape and shift in wavelength with changes in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and TiO2 doped in polystyrene (PS/TiO2). The analysis of surface morphology of prepared polymer samples was done with the help of a scanning electron microscope. The thermal and photostability of synthesized dyes in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and TiO2 doped in polystyrene (PS/TiO2) were investigated to get detailed information owing to the application of fluorescent polymers in the field of optoelectronic, nanohybrid coatings in solar concentrators, etc.
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9
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The preparation, properties, functionality of a eugenol-based epoxy resin for bronze ware repairment. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Meng H, Chen M, Mo F, Guo J, Liu P, Fu Y. Construction of self-enhanced photoelectrochemical platform for L-cysteine detection via electron donor-acceptor type coumarin 545 aggregates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11557-11560. [PMID: 34664560 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-enhanced electron donor-acceptor type coumarin 545 aggregates prepared via an anionic surfactant-assisted reprecipitation method provide an underlying approach for the photoelectrochemical detection of L-cysteine, which can be employed in aqueous solution without the addition of electron donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Fangjing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Pingkun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yingzi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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11
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Zhang SJ, Chen XX, Cui CH, Ma L, Zhong QY, Shen KX, Yu J, Li Z, Wu YS, Zhang Q, Cheng YL, He L, Zhang YF. Strong, Removable, and Photoluminescent Hyperbranched Polyamide-amine Hot Melt Adhesive. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Samanta S, Banerjee SL, Bhattacharya K, Singha NK. Graphene Quantum Dots-Ornamented Waterborne Epoxy-Based Fluorescent Adhesive via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization: A Potential Material for Art Conservation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36307-36319. [PMID: 34297547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy-based adhesives have gotten significant attention in the conservation of antiquities and repair or reconstruction of artifacts due to their excellent adhesion strength. However, it has become hard to detect repaired work in artifacts due to the transparent nature of epoxy-based adhesives. Hence, the making of fluorescent adhesives has become an exciting topic for art conservators. Here, we have synthesized a new kind of waterborne epoxy-based fluorescent adhesive decorated with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated surfactant-free miniemulsion polymerization. In this case, a new block copolymer (BCP), poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate), has been synthesized via surfactant-free RAFT-mediated miniemulsion polymerization using a polymerization-induced self-assembly technique. The GQDs were prepared from citric acid by a hydrothermal process, and this was used for making a fluorescence-active BCP/GQD nanocomposite emulsion. The obtained BCP/GQD nanocomposite adhesive was transparent and showed blue fluorescence under ultraviolet-visible light, indicating the easy detection of its mark on the artifacts. The BCP and BCP/GQD emulsions were applied to adhere ceramic and glass substrates, and their adhesion strength was evaluated by lap shear tests. The BCP/GQDs showed better adhesion strength than the BCP only, indicating better adhesive performance. Additionally, the synthesis process was carried out in aqueous media, indicating the sustainability and environment-friendliness of the process. We believe that this kind of new waterborne epoxy-based fluorescent adhesive will provide a new contrivance among art conservators to repair or reconstruct artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthik Samanta
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sovan Lal Banerjee
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Bhattacharya
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Nikhil K Singha
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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13
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Xu W, Eaton MD, Moreno-Da Silva S, Pérez EM. Functionalized epoxy with adjustable fluorescence and UV-shielding enabled by reactive addition of 9-anthracenemethoxyl glycidyl ether. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36719-36725. [PMID: 35494398 PMCID: PMC9043587 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07433d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized epoxies show unique advantages in some special applications. Herein, a fluorescent and UV-shielding dual-functional epoxy resin, epoxy-EAn, is prepared via synthesizing and incorporating a reactive additive, 9-anthracenemethoxyl glycidyl ether (EAn), into the resin system. The results show that EAn performs an outstanding migration resistance. The addition of a small amount of EAn (0.1%) enables epoxy-EAn to emit bright blue-violet fluorescence under UV light, making epoxy-EAn a feasible fluorescent adhesive for reconstruction and repair. The fluorescence emission intensity is adjustable by the treatment with UV light and heat. Correspondingly, the epoxy-EAn can serve as an information storage material to realize information input and decryption. In addition, epoxy-EAn also possesses the ability to shield UV radiation, and transmittance in the near ultraviolet and middle ultraviolet region (200–400 nm) can decrease to zero when the EAn concentration is 0.8%. Meanwhile, epoxy-EAn also shows excellent mechanical properties similar to that of the pure epoxy. This work paves a facile way to fabricate a multi-functional epoxy suitable for various occasions. A fluorescent and UV-shielding epoxy resin is prepared via synthesizing and incorporating a reactive additive, 9-anthracenemethoxyl glycidyl ether, into the resin system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew D. Eaton
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-Da Silva
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Cazin I, Rossegger E, Guedes de la Cruz G, Griesser T, Schlögl S. Recent Advances in Functional Polymers Containing Coumarin Chromophores. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E56. [PMID: 33375724 PMCID: PMC7794725 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives have gained increased attention in the design of functional polymers and polymer networks due to their unique optical, biological, and photochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview over recent developments in macromolecular architecture and mainly covers examples from the literature published from 2004 to 2020. Along with a discussion on coumarin and its photochemical properties, we focus on polymers containing coumarin as a nonreactive moiety as well as polymer systems exploiting the dimerization and/or reversible nature of the [2πs + 2πs] cycloaddition reaction. Coumarin moieties undergo a reversible [2πs + 2πs] cycloaddition reaction upon irradiation with specific wavelengths in the UV region, which is applied to impart intrinsic healability, shape-memory, and reversible properties into polymers. In addition, coumarin chromophores are able to dimerize under the exposure to direct sunlight, which is a promising route for the synthesis and cross-linking of polymer systems under "green" and environment-friendly conditions. Along with the chemistry and design of coumarin functional polymers, we highlight various future application fields of coumarin containing polymers involving tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, soft robotics, or 4D printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cazin
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (I.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Elisabeth Rossegger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (I.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Gema Guedes de la Cruz
- Department Polymer Engineering and Science, Institute Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Glöckel-Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (G.G.d.l.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Department Polymer Engineering and Science, Institute Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Glöckel-Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (G.G.d.l.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (I.C.); (E.R.)
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15
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Cao Z, Li W, Liu R, Li C, Song Y, Liu G, Chen Y, Lu C, Lu A, Liu Y. pH-Responsive Fluorescence Enhanced Nanogel for Targeted Delivery of AUR and CDDP Against Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8369-8382. [PMID: 33149581 PMCID: PMC7605673 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s274842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Auraptene (AUR), a natural bioactive prenyloxy coumarin, is a highly pleiotropic molecule that can bind to the MT1 receptor and can effectively reduce the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Cisplatin (CDDP), as the first synthetic platinum-based anticancer drug, is widely used in the clinic due to its definite mechanism and therapeutic effect on diverse tumors. However, both of AUR and CDDP exhibit some disadvantages when used alone, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, lack of selectivity and systemic toxicity when they are used singly. Methods Therefore, the biodegradable materials hyaluronic acid (HA) and β-cyclodextrin derivative (mono-(6-amino-mono-6-deoxy)-β-CD, CD) were employed as carriers to load AUR and CDDP to form nanogel (CDDPHA-CD@AUR) capable of dual-targeted delivery and synergistic therapy for breast cancer and cell imaging. Results With the help of the CDDP-crosslinked CD-loaded structure, the newly synthesized nanogel exhibited excellent physiological stability and fluorescence effects. The release of AUR and CDDP was affected by the pH value, which was beneficial to the selective release in the tumor microenvironment. Cell experiments in vitro demonstrated that the nanogel could be selectively internalized by MCF-7 cells and exhibited low cytotoxicity to HK-2 cells. Antitumor experiments in vivo showed that the nanogel have better antitumor effects and lower systemic toxicity. Conclusion Based on these, the nanogel loaded with AUR and CDDP have the potential for targeted delivery against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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16
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Upadhyaya S, Konwar A, Chowdhury D, Sarma NS. High-performance water-borne fluorescent acrylic-based adhesive: synthesis and application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25408-25417. [PMID: 35518622 PMCID: PMC9055326 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03782f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-borne adhesives have immense importance in cellulose-based materials, where their durability, handling, and strength remain to be a major concern. The present work demonstrates the development of three water-borne adhesives, namely, poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid), poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid), and poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) applicable for cellulose-based materials. These acrylic-acid based adhesives were characterized by Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, and universal testing machine. The synthesized polymer adhesives can be stored in the powder form for a longer period, thus utilizing less space. In order to use as adhesives, suitable formulations can be prepared in water. The adhesives show thermal stability up to 300 °C. Our studies show that poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) showed higher lap shear strength (ASTM D-906) than commercially available adhesives. In addition, these adhesives, being fluorescent in nature, can be detected under UV light and thus are applicable for the detection of fractured joints of any specimen. This property also helps in anti-counterfeiting applications, thus adding further to their utility. Synthesis and application of a water-borne fluorescent acrylic adhesive, which can be stored as a powder for long-term use.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiran Upadhyaya
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
| | - Achyut Konwar
- Materials Nanochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Materials Nanochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
| | - Neelotpal Sen Sarma
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon Guwahati-35 Assam India
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17
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Pansare AV, Chhatre SY, Khairkar SR, Bell JG, Barbezat M, Chakrabarti S, Nagarkar AA. "Shape-Coding": Morphology-Based Information System for Polymers and Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27555-27561. [PMID: 32441499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composites have become the material of choice for aerospace structures because of their favorable strength-to-weight ratio. Given the increasing amounts of counterfeit composite parts showing up in the complex aerospace supply chain, it is absolutely vital to track a composite part throughout its lifecycle-from production to usage and to disposal. Existing barcoding methods are invasive, affect the structural properties of composites, and/or are vulnerable to tampering. We describe a universal method to store information in fiber-reinforced composites based on solid-state in situ reduction leading to embedded nanoparticles with controlled morphologies. This simple, cost-effective, mild, surfactant-free, and one-step protocol for the fabrication of embedded platinum nanostructures leads to morphology-based barcodes for polymeric composites. We also describe a coding methodology wherein a 1 × 1 cm code can represent 3.4 billion parts to 95 trillion parts, depending on the resolution required along with access to morphology-based chemical encryption systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol V Pansare
- Mechanical Systems Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology-Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Shraddha Y Chhatre
- National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shyam R Khairkar
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for MaterialsScience, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jeffrey G Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michel Barbezat
- Mechanical Systems Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology-Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Subhananda Chakrabarti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amit A Nagarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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18
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Rahimi S, Soleimani E. Synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole, coumarin, benzo[b][1,4]oxazin and dihydropyrimidinone derivatives using core-shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2-ZnCl2 nanoparticles as an effective catalyst. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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19
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Zheng K, Zou Q, Yang Y, Mao Y, Zhang J, Cheng J. The Chromogen, Structure, Inspirations, and Applications of a Photo-, pH-, thermal-, Solvent-, and Mechanical-Response Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yacheng Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzhu Mao
- China Architecture Design & Research Group, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Liu W, Liu H, Peng X, Zhou G, Liu D, Li S, Zhang J, Wang S. Hypoxia-Activated Anticancer Prodrug for Bioimaging, Tracking Drug Release, and Anticancer Application. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3332-3343. [PMID: 30192132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel anticancer theranostic prodrug, FDU-DB-NO2, specifically activated by hypoxia for selective two-photon imaging hypoxia status, real-time tracking drug release, and solid tumor therapy was designed. The devised prodrug consists of an anticancer drug floxuridine (FDU), a fluorescence dye precursor 4'-(diethylamino)-1,1'-biphenyl-2-carboxylate (DB), and a hypoxic trigger 4-nitrobenzyl group. In normal cells, FDU-DB-NO2 is "locked". Whereas in tumor cells, the prodrug is "unlocked" by hypoxia and results in fluorescent dye 7-(diethylamino)coumarin (CM) generation along with FDU release. The amounts and rates of CM formation and FDU release were controlled by hypoxic status and increased with the decreasing of the O2 concentration. The hypoxic status, distribution of oxygen, and amount of FDU release in tumor cells, spheroids, and tumor tissue could be visualized by fluorescence. FDU-DB-NO2 showed high cytotoxicity against hypoxic MCF-7 and MCG-803 cell lines and no cytotoxicity against normoxic BRL-3A cells and exhibited effective inhibition on tumor growth of MCF-7-cell-inoculated xenograft nude mice. This strategy may provide a promising platform for selective two-photon imaging hypoxia status, real-time tracking drug release, and personalized solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Haitong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Xiaoran Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
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21
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Pansare AV, Khairkar SR, Shedge AA, Chhatre SY, Patil VR, Nagarkar AA. In Situ Nanoparticle Embedding for Authentication of Epoxy Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801523. [PMID: 29974525 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ reduction of chloroauric acid inside an amine-cured epoxy matrix leads to formation of gold nanoparticles which are embedded inside the part. This phenomenon is leveraged to design an authentication system for composites wherein the particles are embedded spatially and are invisible to the naked eye. Under UV light, the particles diffract light and create an easily visible path. The particles penetrate inside the part and create a permanent, cost-effective, tamper-proof code. The advantage of this technique is that this authentication system can be built in composite parts after fabrication of the composite structure. As very small amount (nanograms) of particles are present in the part, negligible change in the thermal characteristics of the parent matrix is observed. The particles can be embedded easily in carbon fiber as well as glass fiber reinforced epoxy structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol V Pansare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Shyam R Khairkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Amol A Shedge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Shraddha Y Chhatre
- National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Vishwanath R Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Amit A Nagarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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22
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Wang H, Miao W, Wang F, Cheng Y. A Self-Assembled Coumarin-Anchored Dendrimer for Efficient Gene Delivery and Light-Responsive Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2194-2201. [PMID: 29684275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of low molecular weight polymers into highly efficient and nontoxic nanostructures has broad applicability in gene delivery. In this study, we reported the assembly of coumarin-anchored low generation dendrimers in aqueous solution via hydrophobic interactions. The synthesized material showed significantly improved DNA binding and gene delivery, and minimal toxicity on the transfected cells. Moreover, the coumarin moieties in the assembled nanostructures endow the materials with light-responsive drug delivery behaviors. The coumarin substitutes in the assembled nanostructures were cross-linked with each other upon irradiation at 365 nm, and the cross-linked assemblies were degraded upon further irradiation at 254 nm. As a result, the drug-loaded nanoparticle showed a light-responsive drug release behavior and light-enhanced anticancer activity. The assembled nanoparticle also exhibited a complementary anticancer activity through the codelivery of 5-fluorouracil and a therapeutic gene encoding tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). This study provided a facile strategy to develop light-responsive polymers for the codelivery of therapeutic genes and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , P. R. China
| | - Wujun Miao
- Changzheng Hospital , Department of Orthopedic Oncology , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , P. R. China
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23
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González-Pérez M, Ooi SY, Martins S, Prates Ramalho JP, Pereira A, Caldeira AT. Gaining insight into the photophysical properties of a coumarin STP ester with potential for bioconjugation. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a coumarin 392 4-sulfotetrafluorophenyl ester, C392STP (sodium (E/Z)-4-(4-(2-(6,7-dimethoxycoumarin-3-yl)vinyl)-benzoyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzenesulfonate), an amine reactive coumarine with potential for bioconjungation, have been studied in different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Y. Ooi
- Chemistry Department
- School of Sciences and Technology
- Evora University
- Evora
- Portugal
| | - S. Martins
- HERCULES Laboratory
- Evora University
- Evora
- Portugal
| | | | - A. Pereira
- HERCULES Laboratory
- Evora University
- Evora
- Portugal
- Chemistry Department
| | - A. T. Caldeira
- HERCULES Laboratory
- Evora University
- Evora
- Portugal
- Chemistry Department
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