1
|
Li Z, Bretscher H, Rao A. Chemical passivation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: strategies, mechanisms, and prospects for optoelectronic applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9728-9741. [PMID: 38700268 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The interest in obtaining high-quality monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for optoelectronic device applications has been growing dramatically. However, the prevalence of defects and unwanted doping in these materials remain challenges, as they both limit optical properties and device performance. Surface chemical treatments of monolayer TMDs have been effective in improving their photoluminescence yield and charge transport properties. In this scenario, a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanism of chemical treatments will lead to a rational design of passivation strategies in future research, ultimately taking a step toward practical optoelectronic applications. We will therefore describe in this mini-review the strategies, progress, mechanisms, and prospects of chemical treatments to passivate and improve the optoelectronic properties of TMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- Solid State Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hope Bretscher
- The Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tran TT, Lee Y, Roy S, Tran TU, Kim Y, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Milošević MV, Lim SC, Chaves A, Jang JI, Kim J. Synergetic Enhancement of Quantum Yield and Exciton Lifetime of Monolayer WS 2 by Proximal Metal Plate and Negative Electric Bias. ACS NANO 2024; 18:220-228. [PMID: 38127273 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of light emission is a critical performance factor for monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) for photonic applications. While various methods have been studied to compensate for lattice defects to improve the quantum yield (QY) of 1L-TMDs, exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) is still a major nonradiative decay channel for excitons at high exciton densities. Here, we demonstrate that the combined use of a proximal Au plate and a negative electric gate bias (NEGB) for 1L-WS2 provides a dramatic enhancement of the exciton lifetime at high exciton densities with the corresponding QY enhanced by 30 times and the EEA rate constant decreased by 80 times. The suppression of EEA by NEGB is attributed to the reduction of the defect-assisted EEA process, which we also explain with our theoretical model. Our results provide a synergetic solution to cope with EEA to realize high-intensity 2D light emitters using TMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thu Tran
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shrawan Roy
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Uyen Tran
- Department of Smart Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbum Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Milorad V Milošević
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Seong Chu Lim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrey Chaves
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, C.P. 6030, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joon I Jang
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Varghese S, Mehew JD, Block A, Reig DS, Woźniak P, Farris R, Zanolli Z, Ordejón P, Verstraete MJ, van Hulst NF, Tielrooij KJ. A pre-time-zero spatiotemporal microscopy technique for the ultrasensitive determination of the thermal diffusivity of thin films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:034903. [PMID: 37012811 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion is one of the most ubiquitous transport phenomena in nature. Experimentally, it can be tracked by following point spreading in space and time. Here, we introduce a spatiotemporal pump-probe microscopy technique that exploits the residual spatial temperature profile obtained through the transient reflectivity when probe pulses arrive before pump pulses. This corresponds to an effective pump-probe time delay of 13 ns, determined by the repetition rate of our laser system (76 MHz). This pre-time-zero technique enables probing the diffusion of long-lived excitations created by previous pump pulses with nanometer accuracy and is particularly powerful for following in-plane heat diffusion in thin films. The particular advantage of this technique is that it enables quantifying thermal transport without requiring any material input parameters or strong heating. We demonstrate the direct determination of the thermal diffusivities of films with a thickness of around 15 nm, consisting of the layered materials MoSe2 (0.18 cm2/s), WSe2 (0.20 cm2/s), MoS2 (0.35 cm2/s), and WS2 (0.59 cm2/s). This technique paves the way for observing nanoscale thermal transport phenomena and tracking diffusion of a broad range of species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebin Varghese
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Jake Dudley Mehew
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Alexander Block
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - David Saleta Reig
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Paweł Woźniak
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Farris
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Zeila Zanolli
- Chemistry Department and ETSF, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Ordejón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Matthieu J Verstraete
- Nanomat, Q-Mat, CESAM, and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Niek F van Hulst
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gharib-Zahedi MR, Koochaki A, Alaghemandi M. Tuning the polymer thermal conductivity through structural modification induced by MoS 2 bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6927-6933. [PMID: 36052767 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work refers to a physical and structural study of nanoconfined polymers in polymer-MoS2 nanocomposites as a function of MoS2-MoS2 interlayer distance. We applied reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) simulations to investigate the thermal conductivity (λ) of polyamide oligomers confined by MoS2 bilayers. The results of this study indicate that thermal conductivity of polymer can be considerably enhanced when polymer chains are confined by MoS2 sheets, this behavior is more pronounced by charged surfaces. The presence of MoS2 surfaces leads to elongation as well as preferential alignment of polymer chains parallel to the MoS2 surfaces, which in turn results in higher order and denser packing of polymer content and hence larger thermal conductivity in comparison to the bulk polymer. Additionally, the analysis of the number of hydrogen bonds (HBs) in confined polymer chains suggests that a combined effect of the mentioned structural modification and enlarged values of HBs may cooperatively contribute to high polymer thermal conductivity, facilitating phonon transport. The results reported here suggest a significant way to design confined polymer-MoS2 composites for significantly improving thermal conductivity for a wide variety of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Koochaki
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Mohammad Alaghemandi
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Temperature- and light-dependent photoconductivity studies of thermally evaporated WTe2 thin film for photodetection application. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Hou C, Deng J, Guan J, Yang Q, Yu Z, Lu Y, Xu Z, Yao Z, Zheng J. Photoluminescence of monolayer MoS 2 modulated by water/O 2/laser irradiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24579-24588. [PMID: 34704573 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The low photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers have been a limiting factor for their optoelectronic applications. Various and even inconsistent mechanisms have been proposed to modulate their PL efficiencies. Herein, we use PL/Raman microspectroscopy and the corresponding in situ mapping, atomic force microscopy, and field-effect transistor (FET) characterization to investigate the changes in the structural and optical properties of monolayer MoS2. Relatively low power density (<4.08 × 105 W cm-2) of laser irradiation in ambient air can cause a slight PL suppression effect on monolayer MoS2, whereas relatively high power density (∼1.02 × 106 W cm-2) of laser irradiation brings significant PL enhancement. Experiments under different atmospheres reveal that the laser-irradiation-induced enhancement only occurs in the atmosphere containing O2 and is more remarkable in pure O2. In addition, physically adsorbed water can also induce PL enhancement of monolayer MoS2. FET devices suggest that the adsorbed water produces a p-doping effect on MoS2, and the laser irradiation in ambient air generates an n-doping effect, and both types of doping can enhance the PL intensity. The island-shaped defects caused by laser irradiation can be stabilized by oxygen atoms and act as trapping centers for excited trions or electrons, thus reducing the non-radiative recombination ratio and enhancing the PL intensity. The physically adsorbed water works in a similar way. A low power density of laser irradiation can sweep away the originally adsorbed H2O on the surface, thus reducing the PL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jingwen Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Qirong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhihao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yilin Lu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Shenzhen Sixcarbon Technology, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Zefan Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang X, Li Z, Liu X, Hou J, Kim J, Forrest SR, Deotare PB. Neutralizing Defect States in MoS 2 Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44686-44692. [PMID: 34347436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a method to neutralize the mid-gap defect states in MoS2 monolayers using laser soaking of an organic/transition metal oxide (TMO) blend thin film. The treated MoS2 monolayer shows negligible emission from defect states as compared to the as-exfoliated MoS2, accompanied by a photoluminescence quantum yield improvement from 0.018 to 4.5% at excitation power densities of 10 W/cm2. The effectiveness of the method toward defect neutralization is governed by the polaron pair generated at the organic/TMO interface, the diffusion of free electrons, and the subsequent formation of TMO radicals at the MoS2 monolayer. The treated monolayers are stable in air, vacuum, and acetone environments, potentially enabling the fabrication of defect-free optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials and 2D/organic heterojunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaheng Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zidong Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jize Hou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbo, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Parag B Deotare
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yildirim T, Zhang L, Neupane GP, Chen S, Zhang J, Yan H, Hasan MM, Yoshikawa G, Lu Y. Towards future physics and applications via two-dimensional material NEMS resonators. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22366-22385. [PMID: 33150899 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2Dm) offer a unique insight into the world of quantum mechanics including van der Waals (vdWs) interactions, exciton dynamics and various other nanoscale phenomena. 2Dm are a growing family consisting of graphene, hexagonal-Boron Nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), monochalcogenides (MNs), black phosphorus (BP), MXenes and 2D organic crystals such as small molecules (e.g., pentacene, C8 BTBT, perylene derivatives, etc.) and polymers (e.g., COF and MOF, etc.). They exhibit unique mechanical, electrical, optical and optoelectronic properties that are highly enhanced as the surface to volume ratio increases, resulting from the transition of bulk to the few- to mono- layer limit. Such unique attributes include the manifestation of highly tuneable bandgap semiconductors, reduced dielectric screening, highly enhanced many body interactions, the ability to withstand high strains, ferromagnetism, piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects. Using 2Dm for mechanical resonators has become a promising field in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) for applications involving sensors and condensed matter physics investigations. 2Dm NEMS resonators react with their environment, exhibit highly nonlinear behaviour from tension induced stiffening effects and couple different physics domains. The small size and high stiffness of these devices possess the potential of highly enhanced force sensitivities for measuring a wide variety of un-investigated physical forces. This review highlights current research in 2Dm NEMS resonators from fundamental physics and an applications standpoint, as well as presenting future possibilities using these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanju Yildirim
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maji TK, J R A, Mukherjee S, Alexander R, Mondal A, Das S, Sharma RK, Chakraborty NK, Dasgupta K, Sharma AMR, Hawaldar R, Pandey M, Naik A, Majumdar K, Pal SK, Adarsh KV, Ray SK, Karmakar D. Combinatorial Large-Area MoS 2/Anatase-TiO 2 Interface: A Pathway to Emergent Optical and Optoelectronic Functionalities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44345-44359. [PMID: 32864953 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interface of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and high-k dielectric transition-metal oxides (TMOs) had triggered umpteen discourses because of the indubitable impact of TMOs in reducing the contact resistances and restraining the Fermi-level pinning for the metal-TMDC contacts. In the present work, we focus on the unresolved tumults of large-area TMDC/TMO interfaces, grown by adopting different techniques. Here, on a pulsed laser-deposited MoS2 thin film, a layer of TiO2 is grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). These two different techniques emanate the layer of TiO2 with different crystallinities, thicknesses, and interfacial morphologies, subsequently influencing the electronic and optical properties of the interfaces. Contrasting the earlier reports of n-type doping at the exfoliated MoS2/TiO2 interfaces, the large-area MoS2/anatase-TiO2 films had realized a p-type doping of the underneath MoS2, manifesting a boost in the extent of p-type doping with increasing thickness of TiO2, as emerged from the X-ray photoelectron spectra. Density functional analysis of the MoS2/anatase-TiO2 interfaces, with pristine and interfacial defect configurations, could correlate the interdependence of doping and the terminating atomic surface of TiO2 on MoS2. The optical properties of the interface, encompassing photoluminescence, transient absorption and z-scan two-photon absorption, indicate the presence of defect-induced localized midgap levels in MoS2/TiO2 (PLD) and a relatively defect-free interface in MoS2/TiO2 (ALD), corroborating nicely with the corresponding theoretical analysis. From the investigation of optical properties, we indicate that the MoS2/TiO2 (PLD) interface may act as a promising saturable absorber, having a significant nonlinear response for the sub-band-gap excitations. Moreover, the MoS2/TiO2 (PLD) interface had exemplified better phototransport properties. A potential application of MoS2/TiO2 (PLD) is demonstrated by the fabrication of a p-type phototransistor with the ionic-gel top gate. This endeavor to analyze and perceive the MoS2/TiO2 interface establishes the prospectives of large-area interfaces in the field of optics and optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Kumar Maji
- Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, JD Block, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Aswin J R
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | | | - Rajath Alexander
- Advanced Carbon Materials Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Sarthak Das
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Sharma
- Raja Rammana Centre for Advance Technology, Parmanu Nagar, Sahkar Nagar Extension, 1, CAT Rd, Rajendra Nagar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 45201, India
| | | | - Kinshuk Dasgupta
- Advanced Carbon Materials Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Anjanashree M R Sharma
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ranjit Hawaldar
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Off Pashan Road, Panchwati, Pune 411008, India
| | - Manjiri Pandey
- Accelerator Control Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Akshay Naik
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Kausik Majumdar
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, JD Block, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - K V Adarsh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Samit Kumar Ray
- Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, JD Block, Kolkata 700106, India
- Department of Physics, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Debjani Karmakar
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neupane GP, Ma W, Yildirim T, Tang Y, Zhang L, Lu Y. 2D organic semiconductors, the future of green nanotechnology. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Stoeckel MA, Gobbi M, Leydecker T, Wang Y, Eredia M, Bonacchi S, Verucchi R, Timpel M, Nardi MV, Orgiu E, Samorì P. Boosting and Balancing Electron and Hole Mobility in Single- and Bilayer WSe 2 Devices via Tailored Molecular Functionalization. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11613-11622. [PMID: 31509382 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
WSe2 is a layered ambipolar semiconductor enabling hole and electron transport, which renders it a suitable active component for logic circuitry. However, solid-state devices based on single- and bilayer WSe2 typically exhibit unipolar transport and poor electrical performance when conventional SiO2 dielectric and Au electrodes are used. Here, we show that silane-containing functional molecules form ordered monolayers on the top of the WSe2 surface, thereby boosting its electrical performance in single- and bilayer field-effect transistors. In particular, by employing SiO2 dielectric substrates and top Au electrodes, we measure unipolar mobility as high as μh = 150 cm2 V-1 s-1 and μe = 17.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 in WSe2 single-layer devices when ad hoc molecular monolayers are chosen. Additionally, by asymmetric double-side functionalization with two different molecules, we provide opposite polarity to the top and bottom layer of bilayer WSe2, demonstrating nearly balanced ambipolarity at the bilayer limit. Our results indicate that the controlled functionalization of the two sides of the WSe2 mono- and bilayer flakes with highly ordered molecular monolayers offers the possibility to simultaneously achieve energy level engineering and defect functionalization, representing a path toward deterministic control over charge transport in 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 Donostia , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Tim Leydecker
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Ye Wang
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Matilde Eredia
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo, 1 , 35131 Padova . Italy
| | - Roberto Verucchi
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo , IMEM-CNR , Sezione di Trento, Via alla Cascata 56/C, Povo , 38100 Trento , Italy
| | - Melanie Timpel
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Trento , Via Sommarive 9 , 38123 Trento , Italy
| | - Marco Vittorio Nardi
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo , IMEM-CNR , Sezione di Trento, Via alla Cascata 56/C, Povo , 38100 Trento , Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Trento , Via Sommarive 9 , 38123 Trento , Italy
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- INRS-Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications , 1650 Blv. Lionel-Boulet , J3X 1S2 Varennes Québec , Canada
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang W, Matsuda K, Miyauchi Y. Photostability of Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides in Ambient Air and Acidic/Basic Aqueous Solutions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10322-10327. [PMID: 31460125 PMCID: PMC6648714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the photostability of monolayer (1L) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) in air and in aqueous solutions, as probed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. 1L-WSe2 was readily degraded under continuous irradiation of visible light in aqueous solutions, whereas 1L-MoS2 was relatively stable in both ambient air and aqueous solutions. The stability difference between these two materials was mainly ascribed to the oxidization reaction at the interface of 1L-TMDCs and the O2/H2O redox system induced by both band alignment and photogenerated holes. This interpretation was strongly supported by the observation of the lower degradation rate of 1L-WSe2 in the dark and in degassed water with a lower concentration of dissolved oxygen compared with the degradation rate of 1L-WSe2 in distilled water. Furthermore, the degradation rate was also nearly proportional to the number of photogenerated carriers. The degradation rate under acidic conditions was smaller than that under the basic conditions. The results are attributed to the oxidation/reduction potential of 1L-WSe2 and to the dissolution reaction of degraded species, both of which are strongly pH-dependent.
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh E, Singh P, Kim KS, Yeom GY, Nalwa HS. Flexible Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS 2) Atomic Layers for Wearable Electronics and Optoelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11061-11105. [PMID: 30830744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, stretchable, and bendable materials, including inorganic semiconductors, organic polymers, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are attracting great attention in such areas as wearable electronics, biomedical technologies, foldable displays, and wearable point-of-care biosensors for healthcare. Among a broad range of layered TMDs, atomically thin layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been of particular interest, due to its exceptional electronic properties, including tunable bandgap and charge carrier mobility. MoS2 atomic layers can be used as a channel or a gate dielectric for fabricating atomically thin field-effect transistors (FETs) for electronic and optoelectronic devices. This review briefly introduces the processing and spectroscopic characterization of large-area MoS2 atomically thin layers. The review summarizes the different strategies in enhancing the charge carrier mobility and switching speed of MoS2 FETs by integrating high-κ dielectrics, encapsulating layers, and other 2D van der Waals layered materials into flexible MoS2 device structures. The photoluminescence (PL) of MoS2 atomic layers has, after chemical treatment, been dramatically improved to near-unity quantum yield. Ultraflexible and wearable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM-OLED) displays and wafer-scale flexible resistive random-access memory (RRAM) arrays have been assembled using flexible MoS2 transistors. The review discusses the overall recent progress made in developing MoS2 based flexible FETs, OLED displays, nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs), and sensors for wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices. Finally, it outlines the perspectives and tremendous opportunities offered by a large family of atomically thin-layered TMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Pragya Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
| | - Geun Young Yeom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
| | - Hari Singh Nalwa
- Advanced Technology Research , 26650 The Old Road, Suite 208 , Valencia , California 91381 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neupane GP, Zhou K, Chen S, Yildirim T, Zhang P, Lu Y. In-Plane Isotropic/Anisotropic 2D van der Waals Heterostructures for Future Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804733. [PMID: 30714302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mono- to few-layers of 2D semiconducting materials have uniquely inherent optical, electronic, and magnetic properties that make them ideal for probing fundamental scientific phenomena up to the 2D quantum limit and exploring their emerging technological applications. This Review focuses on the fundamental optoelectronic studies and potential applications of in-plane isotropic/anisotropic 2D semiconducting heterostructures. Strong light-matter interaction, reduced dimensionality, and dielectric screening in mono- to few-layers of 2D semiconducting materials result in strong many-body interactions, leading to the formation of robust quasiparticles such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons. An in-plane isotropic nature leads to the quasi-2D particles, whereas, an anisotropic nature leads to quasi-1D particles. Hence, in-plane isotropic/anisotropic 2D heterostructures lead to the formation of quasi-1D/2D particle systems allowing for the manipulation of high binding energy quasi-1D particle populations for use in a wide variety of applications. This Review emphasizes an exciting 1D-2D particles dynamic in such heterostructures and their potential for high-performance photoemitters and exciton-polariton lasers. Moreover, their scopes are also broadened in thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, photostriction, energy storage, hydrogen evolution reactions, and chemical sensor fields. The unique in-plane isotropic/anisotropic 2D heterostructures may open the possibility of engineering smart devices in the nanodomain with complex opto-electromechanical functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prakash Neupane
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Kai Zhou
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Songsong Chen
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nan-hai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Tanju Yildirim
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuerui Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim Y, Lee Y, Kim H, Roy S, Kim J. Near-field exciton imaging of chemically treated MoS 2 monolayers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8851-8858. [PMID: 29714393 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The exciton-dominated light emission of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors is determined largely by the doping state and the formation of defects. Extensive studies have shown that chemical treatment critically modifies the doping state and defect state of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown or exfoliated monolayer MoS2 (1L-MoS2), suggesting a promising possibility for engineering the optoelectronic properties of 2D semiconductors. However, chemical treatment inevitably modifies both the doping state and defect states, and their independent roles in the exciton emission of 1L-MoS2 have been difficult to study, significantly limiting the practical and reliable uses of chemical treatment to improve the optical properties of 1L-TMDs. Herein, we used near-field imaging and spectroscopy to investigate the effects of chemical treatment on the exciton emission of 1L-MoS2. CVD-grown 1L-MoS2 was treated with bis(trifluoromethane)-sulfonimide (TFSI) or 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and nanoscale maps of neutral exciton and trion emission before and after chemical treatment were obtained with 80 nm spatial resolution. A comparison of the local spatial and spectral compositions of neutral excitons and trions suggested that the p-doping effect of TFSI was especially strong around local defects, whereas electron depletion by TCNQ was spatially uniform. The specific reaction of TFSI to defect locations observed in our study provides the clue for the reason that TFSI is notably effective at improving the light emission of 1L-MoS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngbum Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Jingjing Q, Wang X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Huang X, Huang W. Two-dimensional light-emitting materials: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6128-6174. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent development in two-dimensional (2D) light-emitting materials and describe their preparation methods, optical/optoelectronic properties and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Qiu Jingjing
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park KC, Seo C, Gupta G, Kim J, Lee CY. Efficient Energy Transfer (EnT) in Pyrene- and Porphyrin-Based Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38670-38677. [PMID: 29048158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Designing and synthesizing the ordered light-harvesting systems, possessing complementary absorption and energy-transfer process between the chromophores, are essential steps to accomplish successful mimicking of the natural photosynthetic systems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be considered as an ideal system to achieve this due to their highly ordered structure, superior synthetic versatility, and tailorable functionality. Herein, we have synthesized the new light-harvesting mixed-ligand MOFs (MLMs, MLM-1-3) via solvothermal reactions between a Zr6 cluster and a mixture of appropriate ratio of 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene and [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxy-phenyl)porphyrinato]-Zn(II) ligands. The identical symmetry and connectivity of the two ligands of the MLMs was the key parameter of successful synthesis as a single MOF form, and the ample overlap between the emission spectrum of pyrene and the absorption spectrum of porphyrin provided the ideal platform to design an efficient-energy transfer (EnT) process within the MLMs. We obtained the nanoscale maps of the fluorescence intensities and lifetimes of microsize MLM grains for unambiguous visualization of EnT phenomena occurring between two ligands in MLMs. Moreover, due to complementary absorption and energy transfer between the two ligands in the MLMs, our MLMs performed as superior photoinduced singlet-oxygen generators, verifying the enhanced light-harvesting properties of the pyrene- and porphyrin-based MLMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Changwon Seo
- Departmentof Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeongyong Kim
- Departmentof Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|