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Dong S, Hu H. Sensors Based on Auxetic Materials and Structures: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093603. [PMID: 37176486 PMCID: PMC10179841 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Auxetic materials exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio under tension or compression, and such counter-intuitive behavior leads to enhanced mechanical properties such as shear resistance, impact resistance, and shape adaptability. Auxetic materials with these excellent properties show great potential applications in personal protection, medical health, sensing equipment, and other fields. However, there are still many limitations in them, from laboratory research to real applications. There have been many reported studies applying auxetic materials or structures to the development of sensing devices in anticipation of improving sensitivity. This review mainly focuses on the use of auxetic materials or auxetic structures in sensors, providing a broad review of auxetic-based sensing devices. The material selection, structure design, preparation method, sensing mechanism, and sensing performance are introduced. In addition, we explore the relationship between the auxetic mechanism and the sensing performance and summarize how the auxetic behavior enhances the sensitivity. Furthermore, potential applications of sensors based on the auxetic mechanism are discussed, and the remaining challenges and future research directions are suggested. This review may help to promote further research and application of auxetic sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Dong
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hong Hu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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2
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Xiao Z, Yao Q, Xia X, Mei J, Zhang D, Chen P, Li S, Wang Y, Rao G, Xie S. A High-Temperature Accelerometer with Excellent Performance Based on the Improved Graphene Aerogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19337-19348. [PMID: 37023408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A high-temperature accelerometer plays an important role for ensuring normal operation of equipment in aerospace, such as monitoring and identifying abnormal vibrations of aircraft engines. Phase transitions of piezoelectric crystals, mechanical failure and current leakage of piezoresistive/capacitive materials are the prominent inherent limitations of present high-temperature accelerometers working continuously above 973 K. With the rapid development of aerospace, it is a great challenge to develop a new type of vibration sensor to meet the crucial demands at high temperature. Here we report a high-temperature accelerometer working with a contact resistance mechanism. Based on the improved graphene aerogel (GA) prepared by a modulated treatment process, the accelerometer can operate continuously and stably at 1073 K and intermittently at 1273 K. The developed sensor is lightweight (sensitive element <5 mg) and has high sensitivity (an order of magnitude higher than MEMS accelerometers) and wide frequency response range (up to 5 kHz at 1073 K) with marked stability, repeatability and low nonlinearity error (<1%). These merits are attributed to the excellent and stable mechanical properties of the improved GA in the range of 299-1073 K. The accelerometer could be a promising candidate for high-temperature vibration sensing in space stations, planetary rovers and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuojian Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingrong Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiaogang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penghui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanghui Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Nguyen TD, Lee JS. Recent Development of Flexible Tactile Sensors and Their Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:s22010050. [PMID: 35009588 PMCID: PMC8747637 DOI: 10.3390/s22010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of society in recent decades, the wearable sensor has attracted attention for motion-based health care and artificial applications. However, there are still many limitations to applying them in real life, particularly the inconvenience that comes from their large size and non-flexible systems. To solve these problems, flexible small-sized sensors that use body motion as a stimulus are studied to directly collect more accurate and diverse signals. In particular, tactile sensors are applied directly on the skin and provide input signals of motion change for the flexible reading device. This review provides information about different types of tactile sensors and their working mechanisms that are piezoresistive, piezocapacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric. Moreover, this review presents not only the applications of the tactile sensor in motion sensing and health care monitoring, but also their contributions in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years. Other applications, such as human behavior studies, are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Seop Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-5814; Fax: +82-31-750-5389
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Huang S, Feng C, Mayes ELH, Yao B, He Z, Asadi S, Alan T, Yang J. In situ synthesis of silver nanowire gel and its super-elastic composite foams. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19861-19869. [PMID: 32970059 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Noble-metal aerogels (NMAs) including silver aerogels have drawn increasing attention because of their highly conductive networks, large surface areas, and abundant optically/catalytically active sites. However, the current approaches of fabricating silver aerogels are tedious and time-consuming. In this regard, it is highly desirable to develop a simple and effective method for preparing silver aerogels. Herein, we report a facile strategy to fabricate silver gels via the in situ synthesis of silver nanowires (AgNWs). The obtained AgNW aerogels show superior electrical conductivity, ultralow density, and good mechanical robustness. AgNW aerogels with a density of 24.3 mg cm-3 display a conductivity of 2.1 × 105 S m-1 and a Young's modulus of 38.7 kPa. Furthermore, using an infiltration-air-drying-crosslinking technique, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was introduced into 3 dimensional (3D) AgNW networks for preparing silver aerogel/elastomer composite materials. The obtained AgNW/PDMS aerogel composite exhibits outstanding elasticity while retaining excellent electrical conductivity. The fast piezoresistive response proves that the aerogel composite has a potential application for vibration sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Huang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Chuang Feng
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Edwin L H Mayes
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Bicheng Yao
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Zijun He
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sajjad Asadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tuncay Alan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Huang J, Yang X, Liu J, Her SC, Guo J, Gu J, Guan L. Vibration monitoring based on flexible multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane film sensor and the application on motion signal acquisition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:335504. [PMID: 32353833 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8edd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors at small scales have potential applications in many fields. Until now, the research on high-performance vibration sensors based on soft materials with high sensitivity and precision, fast response and high stability are still in its infancy. In this work, a flexible, wearable and high precision film sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was prepared via a vacuum filtration process and then encapsulated within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity with gauge factor of 214.3 at flexural strain of 0.4%. When used to monitor the vibration responses of a carbon-fiber beam induced by the base excitation and impact hammer, the time and frequency responses were comparable with the results obtained by the accelerometer, with difference less than 1\!%. In addition, when the MWCNT/PDMS thin film was employed as an electronic skin sensor attached on the human body to detect human activities, the high sensitivity and repeatability demonstrate a great potential application in monitoring human motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianren Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China. CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Q, Ji C, Lv L, Zhao D, Ji J, Zhuo K, Yuan Z, Zhang W, Sang S. A Flexible, Acoustic Localized Sensor with Mass Block-Beam Structure Based on Polydimethylsiloxane-Silver Nanowires. Soft Robot 2020; 8:352-363. [PMID: 32668191 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2020.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The flexible strain sensor is a fast-moving technology and has been used in many fields. The array design and application based on flexible strain sensors have been the current research hotspots. However, there are few reports on research of acoustic positioning using the flexible sensor array. Herein, we designed and realized the consistent fabrication of a thin-film, acoustic sensor array. The acoustic sensing research of the sensor was demonstrated as well. We used a convenient fabrication method to design a flexible acoustic sensor using silver nanowires coated on a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with mass block-beam structure. The acoustic sensor can record sound within a frequency domain of 20-2000 Hz and volume detection range of 83-108 dB. The sensor's resonance frequency is 380 Hz, horizontal distance sound detection limit is 5 cm, and vertical detection limit is 3.5 cm. We also achieved 360° azimuth detection in two-dimensional space with a detection accuracy of 15°. In three-dimensional space, the flexible acoustic sensor array was designed with two flexible acoustic sensors to detect the position of the sound source. This research first proposes the use of flexible acoustic sensors to test the sound source orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chao Ji
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Licheng Lv
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianlong Ji
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kai Zhuo
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhongyun Yuan
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems of the Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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Yang Z, Li H, Zhang L, Lai X, Zeng X. Highly stretchable, transparent and room-temperature self-healable polydimethylsiloxane elastomer for bending sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:1-10. [PMID: 32126341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable and self-healable elastomers are attractive for a variety of applications in the fields of electrical skin and wearable devices. Herein, we proposed a simple one-pot two-step approach to synthesize room-temperature self-healable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers. Excess aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane was firstly reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to synthesize amino-terminated PDMS with incorporated ureido groups, followed by further reaction with terephthalaldehyde as chain extender to yield self-healing PDMS elastomers. The obtained elastomer exhibited high stretchability of 1670% and transmittance of 92%. Owing to the dynamic intermolecular hydrogen bonds, reversible imine bonds and highly flexible SiO chains, the elastomer showed excellent self-healing capability with a healing efficiency of 95% after healing at room temperature for 24 h. Even in water and artificial sweat, the healing efficiencies also reached 89% and 78%, respectively. In addition, the elastomer supported triple-layer bending sensor was fabricated with a sandwiched hydroxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) film and successfully applied for detecting human motions. Interestingly, the cut sensor was able to be recovered for working after being irradiated under sunlight for only 10 min. Our method to synthesize highly stretchable, transparent and self-healing elastomers is simple and the reaction can be carried out at room temperature, which is beneficial for the large-scale production and the further practical application in functional electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Huang H, Su S, Wu N, Wan H, Wan S, Bi H, Sun L. Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring. Front Chem 2019; 7:399. [PMID: 31245352 PMCID: PMC6580932 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the desire for real-time human health monitoring as well as seamless human-machine interaction is increasing rapidly, plenty of research efforts have been made to investigate wearable sensors and implantable devices in recent years. As a novel 2D material, graphene has aroused a boom in the field of sensor research around the world due to its advantages in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Numerous graphene-based sensors used for human health monitoring have been reported, including wearable sensors, as well as implantable devices, which can realize the real-time measurement of body temperature, heart rate, pulse oxygenation, respiration rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, electrocardiogram signal, electromyogram signal, and electroencephalograph signal, etc. Herein, as a review of the latest graphene-based sensors for health monitoring, their novel structures, sensing mechanisms, technological innovations, components for sensor systems and potential challenges will be discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Huang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi Su
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Nan Wu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Wan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengchang Bi
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Southeast University, Changzhou, China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
- Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Southeast University, Changzhou, China
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Ding Y, Xu T, Onyilagha O, Fong H, Zhu Z. Recent Advances in Flexible and Wearable Pressure Sensors Based on Piezoresistive 3D Monolithic Conductive Sponges. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6685-6704. [PMID: 30689335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flexible strain and pressure sensors are important components of the systems for human motion detection, human-machine interaction, soft robotics, electronic skin, etc., which are envisioned as the key technologies for applications in future human healthcare monitoring and artificial intelligence. In recent years, highly flexible and wearable strain/pressure sensors have been developed based on various materials/structures and transduction mechanisms. Piezoresistive three-dimensional (3D) monolithic conductive sponge, the resistance of which changes upon external pressure or stimuli, has emerged as a forefront material for flexible and wearable pressure sensor due to its excellent sensor performance, facile fabrication, and simple circuit integration. This review focuses on the rapid development of the piezoresistive pressure sensors based on 3D conductive sponges. Various piezoresistive conductive sponges are categorized into four different types and their material and structural characteristics are summarized. Methods for preparation of the 3D conductive sponges are reviewed, followed by examples of device performance and selected applications. The review concludes with a critical reflection of the current status and challenges. Prospects of the 3D conductive sponge for flexible and wearable pressure sensor are discussed.
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Ding Y, Yang J, Tolle CR, Zhu Z. Flexible and Compressible PEDOT:PSS@Melamine Conductive Sponge Prepared via One-Step Dip Coating as Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for Human Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16077-16086. [PMID: 29651841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable pressure sensor may offer convenient, timely, and portable solutions to human motion detection, yet it is a challenge to develop cost-effective materials for pressure sensor with high compressibility and sensitivity. Herein, a cost-efficient and scalable approach is reported to prepare a highly flexible and compressible conductive sponge for piezoresistive pressure sensor. The conductive sponge, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)@melamine sponge (MS), is prepared by one-step dip coating the commercial melamine sponge (MS) in an aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Due to the interconnected porous structure of MS, the conductive PEDOT:PSS@MS has a high compressibility and a stable piezoresistive response at the compressive strain up to 80%, as well as good reproducibility over 1000 cycles. Thereafter, versatile pressure sensors fabricated using the conductive PEDOT:PSS@MS sponges are attached to the different parts of human body; the capabilities of these devices to detect a variety of human motions including speaking, finger bending, elbow bending, and walking are evaluated. Furthermore, prototype tactile sensory array based on these pressure sensors is demonstrated.
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Herbert R, Kim JH, Kim YS, Lee HM, Yeo WH. Soft Material-Enabled, Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Medicine, Healthcare, and Human-Machine Interfaces. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E187. [PMID: 29364861 PMCID: PMC5848884 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE), designed in wearable and implantable configurations, have enormous applications in advanced healthcare, rapid disease diagnostics, and persistent human-machine interfaces. Soft, contoured geometries and time-dynamic deformation of the targeted tissues require high flexibility and stretchability of the integrated bioelectronics. Recent progress in developing and engineering soft materials has provided a unique opportunity to design various types of mechanically compliant and deformable systems. Here, we summarize the required properties of soft materials and their characteristics for configuring sensing and substrate components in wearable and implantable devices and systems. Details of functionality and sensitivity of the recently developed FHE are discussed with the application areas in medicine, healthcare, and machine interactions. This review concludes with a discussion on limitations of current materials, key requirements for next generation materials, and new application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herbert
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Yun Soung Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Hye Moon Lee
- Functional Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-831, Korea.
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
- Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Bioengineering Program, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Neural Engineering Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Qiu L, He Z, Li D. Multifunctional Cellular Materials Based on 2D Nanomaterials: Prospects and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704850. [PMID: 29149537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in emerging 2D nanomaterial-based cellular materials (2D-CMs) open up new opportunities for the development of next generation cellular solids with exceptional properties. Herein, an overview of the current research status of 2D-CMs is provided and their future opportunities are highlighted. First, the unique features of 2D nanomaterials are introduced to illustrate why these nanoscale building blocks are promising for the development of novel cellular materials and what the new features of 2D nanoscale building blocks can offer when compared to their 0D and 1D counterparts. An in-depth discussion on the structure-property relationships of 2D-CMs is then provided, and the remarkable functions that can be achieved by engineering their cellular architecture are highlighted. Additionally, the use of 2D-CMs to tackle key challenges in different practical applications is demonstrated. In conclusion, a personal perspective on the challenges and future research directions of 2D-CMs is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3080, Australia
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zijun He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3080, Australia
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3080, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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