1
|
Zangoli M, Monti F, Zanelli A, Marinelli M, Flammini S, Spallacci N, Zakrzewska A, Lanzi M, Salatelli E, Pierini F, Di Maria F. Multifunctional Photoelectroactive Materials for Optoelectronic Applications Based on Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines and Thieno[1,2,5]thiadiazoles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303590. [PMID: 37983681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel family of symmetrical thiophene-based small molecules with a Donor-Acceptor-Donor structure. These compounds feature three different acceptor units: benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (Bz), thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (Pz), and thieno[1,2,5]thiadiazole (Tz), coupled with electron donor units based on a carbazole-thiophene derivative. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we investigate how the molecular geometry and strength of the central acceptor unit impact the redox and spectroscopic properties. Notably, the incorporation of Pz and Tz moieties induces a significant redshift in the absorption and emission spectra, which extend into the near-infrared (NIR) region, simultaneously reducing their energy gaps (~1.4-1.6 eV). This shift is attributed to the increased coplanarity of the oligomeric inner core, both in the ground (S0 ) and excited (S1 ) states, due to the enhanced quinoidal character as supported by bond-length alternation (BLA) analysis. These structural changes promote better π-electron delocalization and facilitate photoinduced charge transfer processes in optoelectronic devices. Notably, we show that Pz- and Tz-containing molecules exhibit NIR electrochromic behavior and present ambivalent character in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Finally, theoretical calculations suggest that these molecules could serve as effective two-photon absorption (2PA) probes, further expanding their potential in optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zangoli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Monti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Marinelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Soraia Flammini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- RCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicol Spallacci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zakrzewska
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Di Maria
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma Z, Udamulle Gedara CM, Wang H, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Chalcogenopheno[3,2- b]pyrrole-Containing Donor-Acceptor-Donor Organic Semiconducting Small Molecules for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46119-46129. [PMID: 37738113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A group of chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles, including thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole (TP), furo[3,2-b]pyrrole (FP), and selenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole (SeP), and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) electron-donating units were coupled with a thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (ThDPP) acceptor to generate four donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) semiconducting small molecules (ThDPP-TT, ThDPP-FP, ThDPP-TP, and ThDPP-SeP). This study systematically investigated the differences between chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles and TT. From the characterizations, chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole-containing molecules showed lower band gaps and binding-energy cold crystallization behavior. The enthalpies of cold crystallization were correlated with the weight of the chalcogen in ThDPP-FP, ThDPP-TP, and ThDPP-SeP, which were evaluated as intermolecular chalcogen-bond interactions between chalcogen and pyrrole nitrogen in chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles. A stronger chalcogen bond interaction resulted in stronger self-aggregation in thin films with thermal treatment, which resulted in a polycrystalline structure in chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole-containing molecules. For the application in an organic field-effect transistor, all four molecules showed good performance with the highest hole mobilities as 6.33 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-TT, 2.08 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-FP, 1.87 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-TP, and 6.32 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-SeP, and the change of mobility is well correlated to the root-mean-square roughness of the thin films. Overall, all the chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole-containing molecules showed lower band gaps, polymorphism, and better charge transport properties compared to TT-containing molecules, which motivates replacing TT with chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles in conjugated polymers, non-fullerene small molecular acceptors, and narrow-band-gap donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chinthaka M Udamulle Gedara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Hanghang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Comí M, Moncho S, Attar S, Barłóg M, Brothers E, Bazzi HS, Al-Hashimi M. Structural-Functional Properties of Asymmetric Fluoro-Alkoxy Substituted Benzothiadiazole Homopolymers with Flanked Chalcogen-Based Heterocycles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200731. [PMID: 36285613 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of asymmetric alkoxy- are reported, fluoro-benzothiadiazole (BT) acceptor core derivatized with a series of six different heterocycles (selenophene, thiophene, furan, 5-thiazole, 2-thiazole and 2-oxazole). The effect of the flanked-heterocycles containing different chalcogen atoms of the six homopolymers (HPX) is studied using optical, thermal, electrochemical, and computational analysis. Computational calculations indicate a strong relationship between the most stable conformation for each homopolymer and their bearing heterocycle, thus homopolymers HPSe', HPTp', HPFu', and HPTzC5, adopted the syn-syn and syn-anti conformations due to their noncovalent interactions with shorter distances, while HPTzC2' and HPOx' demonstrate preference for the anti-anti conformation. Optical property studies of the homopolymers reveal a strong red-shift in solution and film upon exchanging the chalcogen atom from Oxygen < Sulfur < Selenium in HPFu, HPTp, and HPSe, respectively. In addition, deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels are observed when the donor-acceptor moieties (HPSe, HPTp, and HPFu) are substituted for the acceptor-acceptor systems such as HPTzC5, HPTzC2, and HPOx. Improved packing and morphology are exhibited for the donor-acceptor homopolymers. Thus, having a flanked heterocycle containing different chalcogen-atoms in polymeric systems is one way of tuning the physicochemical properties of conjugated materials for optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Comí
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Salvador Moncho
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Salahuddin Attar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Maciej Barłóg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Edward Brothers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Hassan S Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, 209 Reed MacDonald Building, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo Z, Ma R, Yu J, Liu H, Liu T, Ni F, Hu J, Zou Y, Zeng A, Su CJ, Jeng US, Lu X, Gao F, Yang C, Yan H. Heteroheptacene-based acceptors with thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole yield high-performance polymer solar cells. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac076. [PMID: 35832772 PMCID: PMC9273303 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationally utilizing and developing synthetic units is of particular significance for the design of high-performance non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (SMAs). Here, a thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole synthetic unit was employed to develop a set of SMAs (ThPy1, ThPy2, ThPy3 and ThPy4) by changing the number or the position of the pyrrole ring in the central core based on a standard SMA of IT-4Cl, compared to which the four thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based acceptors exhibit bathochromic absorption and upshifted frontier orbital energy level due to the strong electron-donating ability of pyrrole. As a result, the polymer solar cells (PSCs) of the four thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based acceptors yield higher open-circuit voltage and lower energy loss relative to those of the IT-4Cl-based device. What is more, the ThPy3-based device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) (15.3%) and an outstanding fill factor (FF) (0.771) that are superior to the IT-4Cl-based device (PCE = 12.6%, FF = 0.758). The ThPy4-based device realizes the lowest energy loss and the smallest optical band gap, and the ternary PSC device based on PM6:BTP-eC9:ThPy4 exhibits a PCE of 18.43% and a FF of 0.802. Overall, this work sheds light on the great potential of thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based SMAs in realizing low energy loss and high PCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Anping Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, China
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Light-Emitting Diode and Flat Panel Display Technology Research & Development Center, Foshan 526040, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Enhancement in Charge Carrier Mobility by Using Furan as Spacer in Thieno[3,2-b]Pyrrole and Alkylated-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Conjugated Copolymers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The structural alteration of semiconducting polymer backbones can improve the optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors and enhance field-effect mobilities. In our efforts towards improving the performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), we are reporting a donor–acceptor polymer containing thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole (TP) donor and a furan-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) electron acceptor, which yielded an asymmetric poly(methylthienopyrrolo)furanyl)diketopyrrolopyrrol) P(FDPP-TP) organic semiconducting polymer. The introduction of a furan spacer improved thermally induced crystallinity and molecular packing, as confirmed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM). The tested OFET devices gave maximum hole mobility of 0.42 cm2 V−1 s−1 with threshold voltages around 0 V for bottom-gate bottom-contact device configuration.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang Q, Ma T, Ding W, Zhang L, Cheng X. Thiophene-benzothiadiazole based donor–acceptor–donor (D-A-D) bolaamphiphiles, self-assembly and photophysical properties. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1959036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Álvarez-Venicio V, Caldera-Villalobos M, Arcos-Ramos R, Guerra-Pulido JO, de la O-Cuevas E, Velázquez V, Rivera M, Basiuk VA, Carreón-Castro MDP. Photophysical and morphological properties of Langmuir–Blodgett films of benzothiadiazole derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Gong L, Zhang X, Ma C. Computational study on the optical and NLO properties of donor–acceptor interaction molecules containing a triazolobenzothiadiazole or benzothiadiazole central acceptor core. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical properties of the studied compounds were studied with the aid of DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Gong
- Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leenaers P, van Eersel H, Li J, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Influence of Regioregularity on the Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers Comprising Asymmetric Monomers. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7749-7758. [PMID: 32981968 PMCID: PMC7513466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Two asymmetric thiophene (T)/pyridine (Py) flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) polymers with a regiorandom and regioregular conjugated backbone are synthesized via a Stille polycondensation to investigate the effect of regioregularity on their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance in fullerene-based polymer solar cells. Surprisingly, both polymers possess very similar optical bandgap, energy levels, and photovoltaic performance. These findings, combined with a factor of 19 reactivity difference between the two end groups of the asymmetric DPP monomer, intuitively suggest the formation of regular chain segments in the random polymer. However, by modeling the random polymerization reaction with a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation, evidence is obtained for exclusive formation of a fully random polymer structure. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra of three extended DPP chromophores, containing the donor segments (T-T-T, Py-T-Py, and Py-T-T) present in the regiorandom polymer, confirm that regioregularity of the backbone has a negligible influence on the optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter
J. Leenaers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harm van Eersel
- Simbeyond
B.V., Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li L, Li Y, Dang Y, Chen T, Zhang A, Ding C, Xu Z. Imidazole-fused benzothiadiazole-based red-emissive fluorescence probe for lysosomal pH imaging in living cells. Talanta 2020; 217:121066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
12
|
Bulumulla C, Gunawardhana R, Gamage PL, Miller JT, Kularatne RN, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Pyrrole-Containing Semiconducting Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32209-32232. [PMID: 32584535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting materials derived from π-electron-rich pyrroles have garnered attention in recent years for the development of organic semiconductors. Although pyrrole is the most electron-rich five-membered heteroaromatic ring, it has found few applications in organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors due to synthetic challenges and instability. However, computational modeling assisted screening processes have indicated that relatively stable materials containing pyrrolic units can be synthesized without compromising their inherent electron-donating properties. In this work, we provide a complete, up-to-date review of pyrrole-containing semiconducting materials used for organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors and highlight recent advances in the synthesis of these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandima Bulumulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruwan Gunawardhana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Justin T Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruvanthi N Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neto JSS, Krüger R, Balaguez RA, Fronza MG, Acunha TV, Oliboni RS, Savegnago L, Iglesias BA, Alves D. Synthesis, photophysics and biomolecule interactive studies of new hybrid benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazoles. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05932f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New hybrid molecules containing benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, benzofuran and arylselanyl moieties were synthesized and their photophysics and biomolecule interactive studies were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José S. S. Neto
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Roberta Krüger
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Renata A. Balaguez
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Mariana G. Fronza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB)
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia – GPN
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Thiago V. Acunha
- Departament of Chemistry
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- UFSM
- 97115-900 Santa Maria – RS
| | - Robson S. Oliboni
- Grupo de Catálise e Estudos Teóricos
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB)
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia – GPN
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Bernardo A. Iglesias
- Departament of Chemistry
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- UFSM
- 97115-900 Santa Maria – RS
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gunawardhana R, Bulumulla C, Gamage PL, Timmerman AJ, Udamulle CM, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole and Benzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Donor-Acceptor Semiconductors for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19676-19682. [PMID: 31788598 PMCID: PMC6881842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two p-type donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconducting small molecules were synthesized to investigate the effect of the backbone curvature on the organic field-effect transistor performance. The backbone curvature of the donor-acceptor small molecules was modified by changing the spacer group from bithiophene to thienothiophene. Bithiophene to thienothiophene spacer groups were placed between 4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole (donor) and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (acceptor) to generate TP-BT4T-TP and TP-BT2TT-TP donor-acceptor molecules. A good charge carrier mobility of 2.59 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 was measured for the curved molecule (TP-BT4T-TP), while the linear molecule analog (TP-BT2TT-TP) only gave a low mobility of 5.41 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 after annealing at 120 °C in bottom-contact bottom-gate devices. Out-of-plane grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction analysis revealed more drastic thermally induced crystallinity for TP-BT4T-TP as compared to TP-BT2TT-TP, explaining the difference observed in the performance of devices fabricated from each molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruwan Gunawardhana
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Prabhath L. Gamage
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Adam J. Timmerman
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chinthaka M. Udamulle
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C. Biewer
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Devibala P, Dheepika R, Vadivelu P, Nagarajan S. Synthesis of Aroylbenzoate-Based Push-Pull Molecules for OFET Applications. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prabha Vadivelu
- Department of Chemistry; Central University of Tamil Nadu; Thiruvarur-610 005 India
| | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry; Central University of Tamil Nadu; Thiruvarur-610 005 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raychev D, Méndez López RD, Kiriy A, Seifert G, Sommer JU, Guskova O. Copolymers of Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Benzothiadiazole: Design and Function from Simulations with Experimental Support. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohajeri A, Omidvar A, Setoodeh H. Fine Structural Tuning of Thieno[3,2- b] Pyrrole Donor for Designing Banana-Shaped Semiconductors Relevant to Organic Field Effect Transistors. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1930-1945. [PMID: 30575398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the newly synthesized banana-shaped thieno[3,2- b] pyrrole building block [Bulumulla, C.; Gunawardhana, R.; Kularatne, R. N.; Hill, M. E.; McCandless, G. T.; Biewer, M. C.; Stefan, M. C. Thieno[3,2- b] pyrrole-Benzothiadiazole Banana-Shaped Small Molecules for Organic Field Effect Transistors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 11818-11825], several small molecules that can be used as organic semiconducting materials were theoretically designed. We have shown that these novel molecules with the donor-π conjugated bridge-acceptor-π conjugated bridge-donor (D-π-A-π-D) building block exhibit superior charge transport properties in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A variety of donors, π-bridges, and acceptors are examined, and the structural, electronic, optical, and charge transport properties of designed semiconductors are systematically investigated. The results highlight the impact of the core acceptor in improving the transport properties of the designed molecules. In particular, this work points toward the benzo-bis(1,2,5-thiadiazole) as the most promising acceptor that can be combined with thiophene π-bridge and flanked benzo-thiadiazole terminal units to produce a reasonable candidate for synthesis and for incorporating into OFET materials. For the suggested semiconductor, the small electron reorganization energy and large intramolecular coupling originating from dense π-stacking gave rise to enhanced electron mobility. This strategy can be helpful for further improving the performance of curved small molecules in field-effect devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Mohajeri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Shiraz University , Shiraz 7194684795 , Iran
| | - Akbar Omidvar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Shiraz University , Shiraz 7194684795 , Iran
| | - Hengameh Setoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Shiraz University , Shiraz 7194684795 , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bulumulla C, Kularatne RN, Gunawardhana R, Nguyen HQ, McCandless GT, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Incorporation of Thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole into Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Copolymers for Efficient Organic Field Effect Transistors. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:629-634. [PMID: 35632968 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in organic field effect transistors have switched chemists' focus from synthesizing libraries of organic semiconductors to a more targeted approach where chemical alterations are performed on known semiconductors to further improve electronic properties. Among successful semiconducting polymer candidates, copolymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole-and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene [P(DPP-TT)] have been subjected to modifications on the diketopyrrolopyrrole unit by using flanking groups and side chain engineering. Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moiety, however, has seen minimal modifications due to the limited number of modifying sites. Isoelectronic thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole could serve as an alternative since it is easily tunable via N-alkylation reactions. Therefore, for the first time, we report the replacement of the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit of P(DPP-TT) with thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole unit and its performance in p-channel field effect transistors. The copolymer exhibits linear characteristics to achieve a relatively high average hole mobility of 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1 in bottom-gate/top-contact field effect transistors with threshold voltages as low as 0 V. These preliminary results highlight the potential of this thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole monomer for utilization in organic field effect transistors.
Collapse
|