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Cansever H, Anwar MS, Stienen S, Lenz K, Narkowicz R, Hlawacek G, Potzger K, Hellwig O, Fassbender J, Lindner J, Bali R. Resonance behavior of embedded and freestanding microscale ferromagnets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14809. [PMID: 36045141 PMCID: PMC9433406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferromagnetic resonance of a disordered A2 Fe60Al40 ferromagnetic stripe, of dimensions 5 µm × 1 µm × 32 nm, has been observed in two vastly differing surroundings: in the first case, the ferromagnetic region was surrounded by ordered B2 Fe60Al40, and in the second case it was free standing, adhering only to the oxide substrate. The embedded ferromagnet possesses a periodic magnetic domain structure, which transforms to a single domain structure in the freestanding case. The two cases differ in their dynamic response, for instance, the resonance field for the uniform (k = 0) mode at ~ 14 GHz excitation displays a shift from 209 to 194 mT, respectively for the embedded and freestanding cases, with the external magnetic field applied along the long axis. The resonant behavior of a microscopic ferromagnet can thus be finely tailored via control of its near-interfacial surrounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Cansever
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Md Shadab Anwar
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stienen
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kilian Lenz
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ryszard Narkowicz
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Hlawacek
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kay Potzger
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olav Hellwig
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lindner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rantej Bali
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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Pfaffenbach ES, Carvalho WOF, Oliveira ON, Mejía-Salazar JR. Design of Nanoarchitectures for Magnetoplasmonic Biosensing with Near-Zero-Transmittance Conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60672-60677. [PMID: 34882403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures exhibiting large transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) are required for magnetoplasmonic biosensing if the aim is the minituarization and integration into microfluidic devices. In this work, we present a general strategy to design nanoarchitectures with enhanced TMOKE, which consist of an arrangement of gold ribs deposited on an magneto-optical (MO) dielectric slab of Bi:YIG (bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet) with a SiO2 substrate surrounded by water. Using the finite element method (FEM), we demonstrate numerically that the near-zero-transmittance condition is the most important requirement for high TMOKE values. This can be reached through geometric optimization of the nanoarchitecture by tuning the period, height, and width of the grating, thus leading to resonances at wavelengths where the MO dielectric slab has high MO activity. We also show that the TMOKE amplitude can be further increased if losses in metal ribs are reduced. For a magnetoplasmonic grating with optimized geometry, we demonstrated the potential detection of biologically relevant analytes with sensitivity in the order of 102 nm/RIU (refractive index unit). Since the nanoarchitecture proposed is experimentally feasible with, e.g., nanolithography techniques, one may expect that the design strategy may inspire the development of efficient magnetoplasmonic sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich S Pfaffenbach
- National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), 37540-000 Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG, Brazil
| | - William O F Carvalho
- National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), 37540-000 Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Andreeva M, Smekhova A, Baulin R, Repchenko Y, Bali R, Schmitz-Antoniak C, Wende H, Sergueev I, Schlage K, Wille HC. Evolution of the magnetic hyperfine field profiles in an ion-irradiated Fe 60Al 40 film measured by nuclear resonant reflectivity. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1535-1543. [PMID: 34475301 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521007694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear resonant reflectivity (NRR) from an Fe60Al40 film was measured using synchrotron radiation at several grazing angles near the critical angle of total external reflection. Using laterally resolved measurements after irradiation with 20 keV Ne+ ions of gradually varying fluence of 0-3.0 × 1014 ions cm-2, the progressive creation of the ferromagnetic A2 phase with increasing ion fluence was confirmed. The observed depth selectivity of the method has been explained by application of the standing wave approach. From the time spectra of the nuclear resonant scattering in several reflection directions the depth profiles for different hyperfine fields were extracted. The results show that the highest magnetic hyperfine fields (∼18-23 T) are initially created in the central part of the film and partially at the bottom interface with the SiO2 substrate. The evolution of the ferromagnetic onset, commencing at a fixed depth within the film and propagating towards the interfaces, has been directly observed. At higher fluence (3.0 × 1014 ions cm-2) the depth distribution of the ferromagnetic fractions became more homogeneous across the film depth, in accordance with previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Andreeva
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alevtina Smekhova
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich Research Center, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Roman Baulin
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yurii Repchenko
- National Research Centre `Kurchatov Institute', Pl. Kurchatova 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Rantej Bali
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergueev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schlage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Cress CD, Wickramaratne D, Rosenberger MR, Hennighausen Z, Callahan PG, LaGasse SW, Bernstein N, van 't Erve OM, Jonker BT, Qadri SB, Prestigiacomo JC, Currie M, Mazin II, Bennett SP. Direct-Write of Nanoscale Domains with Tunable Metamagnetic Order in FeRh Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:836-847. [PMID: 33216550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have directly written nanoscale patterns of magnetic ordering in FeRh films using focused helium-ion beam irradiation. By varying the dose, we pattern arrays with metamagnetic transition temperatures that range from the as-grown film temperature to below room temperature. We employ transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature-dependent transport measurements to characterize the as-grown film, and magneto-optic Kerr effect imaging to quantify the He+ irradiation-induced changes to the magnetic order. Moreover, we demonstrate temperature-dependent optical microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy as indirect probes of the metamagnetic transition that are sensitive to the differences in dielectric properties and electrical conductivity, respectively, of FeRh in the antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferromagnetic (FM) states. Using density functional theory, we quantify strain- and defect-induced changes in spin-flip energy to understand their influence on the metamagnetic transition temperature. This work holds promise for in-plane AF-FM spintronic devices, by reducing the need for multiple patterning steps or different materials, and potentially eliminating interfacial polarization losses due to cross material interfacial spin scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory D Cress
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Darshana Wickramaratne
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Matthew R Rosenberger
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Zachariah Hennighausen
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Patrick G Callahan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Samuel W LaGasse
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Electronics Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Olaf M van 't Erve
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Syed B Qadri
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Joseph C Prestigiacomo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Marc Currie
- Optical Sciences Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Igor I Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Quantum Materials Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Steven P Bennett
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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Yıldırım O, Hilliard D, Arekapudi SSPK, Fowley C, Cansever H, Koch L, Ramasubramanian L, Zhou S, Böttger R, Lindner J, Faßbender J, Hellwig O, Deac AM. Ion-Irradiation-Induced Cobalt/Cobalt Oxide Heterostructures: Printing 3D Interfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:9858-9864. [PMID: 32009381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces separating ferromagnetic (FM) layers from non-ferromagnetic layers offer unique properties due to spin-orbit coupling and symmetry breaking, yielding effects such as exchange bias, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, spin-pumping, spin-transfer torques, and conversion between charge and spin currents and vice versa. These interfacial phenomena play crucial roles in magnetic data storage and transfer applications, which require the formation of FM nanostructures embedded in non-ferromagnetic matrices. Here, we investigate the possibility of creating such nanostructures by ion irradiation. We study the effect of lateral confinement on the ion-irradiation-induced reduction of nonmagnetic metal oxides (e.g., antiferro- or paramagnetic) to form ferromagnetic metals. Our findings are later exploited to form three-dimensional magnetic interfaces between Co, CoO, and Pt by spatial-selective irradiation of CoO/Pt multilayers. We demonstrate that the mechanical displacement of O atoms plays a crucial role in the reduction from insulating, non-ferromagnetic cobalt oxides to metallic cobalt. Metallic cobalt yields both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the generated Co/Pt nanostructures and, at low temperatures, exchange bias at vertical interfaces between Co and CoO. If pushed to the limit of ion-irradiation technology, this approach could, in principle, enable the creation of densely packed, atomic-scale ferromagnetic point-contact spin-torque oscillator (STO) networks or conductive channels for current-confined-path-based current perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance read heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Yıldırım
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Ueberlandstr. 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Donovan Hilliard
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Physics , Reichenhainer Str. 70 , 09126 Chemnitz , Germany
| | | | - Ciarán Fowley
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Hamza Cansever
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
- Institute of Physics of Solids , Dresden University of Technology , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Leopold Koch
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Physics , Reichenhainer Str. 70 , 09126 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Lakshmi Ramasubramanian
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Roman Böttger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jürgen Lindner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jürgen Faßbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
- Institute of Physics of Solids , Dresden University of Technology , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Olav Hellwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Physics , Reichenhainer Str. 70 , 09126 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Alina M Deac
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research , Bautzner Landstr. 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
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6
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Budi CS, Deka JR, Saikia D, Kao HM, Yang YC. Ultrafine bimetallic Ag-doped Ni nanoparticles embedded in cage-type mesoporous silica SBA-16 as superior catalysts for conversion of toxic nitroaromatic compounds. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121270. [PMID: 31585289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly active Ag-doped Ni nanoparticles are successfully fabricated within carboxylic acid (-COOH) functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-16 by a facile wet incipient technique for catalytic conversion of toxic nitroaromatics. The -COOH groups on SBA-16 play a crucial role by enhancing the electrostatic interactions with Ag(I)/Ni(II) cations, that control the crystal growth during the thermal reduction. Systematic characterizations of SBA-16C and Agx%Ni@SBA-16C are performed by different techniques including solid state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The highly dispersed ultrafine Ag-doped Ni NPs (∼3 nm) are well-confined within SBA-16C and exhibit magnetic properties that are extremely beneficial for recycling. The bimetallic Ag2.4%Ni@SBA-16C shows exceptionally high catalytic activity during catalytic conversion of toxic nitroaromatics to environmentally friendly amino-aromatics. The enhanced catalytic activity could be ascribed to the combined effects of unique electronic properties, synergistic effects of Ag-doped Ni, ultra-small size, metal loading, and favorable textural properties. These magnetically separable nanocatalysts show excellent durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canggih Setya Budi
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li, 32054, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Juti Rani Deka
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Diganta Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li, 32054, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Ming Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li, 32054, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yung-Chin Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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7
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Eggert B, Schmeink A, Lill J, Liedke MO, Kentsch U, Butterling M, Wagner A, Pascarelli S, Potzger K, Lindner J, Thomson T, Fassbender J, Ollefs K, Keune W, Bali R, Wende H. Magnetic response of FeRh to static and dynamic disorder. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14386-14395. [PMID: 35498452 PMCID: PMC9051944 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows the similarity of the thermally-driven (dynamic disorder) and structural disorder-driven (static disorder) magnetic phase transition in B2-FeRh.
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Nord M, Semisalova A, Kákay A, Hlawacek G, MacLaren I, Liersch V, Volkov OM, Makarov D, Paterson GW, Potzger K, Lindner J, Fassbender J, McGrouther D, Bali R. Strain Anisotropy and Magnetic Domains in Embedded Nanomagnets. Small 2019; 15:e1904738. [PMID: 31709733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale modifications of strain and magnetic anisotropy can open pathways to engineering magnetic domains for device applications. A periodic magnetic domain structure can be stabilized in sub-200 nm wide linear as well as curved magnets, embedded within a flat non-ferromagnetic thin film. The nanomagnets are produced within a non-ferromagnetic B2-ordered Fe60 Al40 thin film, where local irradiation by a focused ion beam causes the formation of disordered and strongly ferromagnetic regions of A2 Fe60 Al40 . An anisotropic lattice relaxation is observed, such that the in-plane lattice parameter is larger when measured parallel to the magnet short-axis as compared to its length. This in-plane structural anisotropy manifests a magnetic anisotropy contribution, generating an easy-axis parallel to the short axis. The competing effect of the strain and shape anisotropies stabilizes a periodic domain pattern in linear as well as spiral nanomagnets, providing a versatile and geometrically controllable path to engineering the strain and thereby the magnetic anisotropy at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Nord
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Anna Semisalova
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Kákay
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Hlawacek
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ian MacLaren
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Vico Liersch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksii M Volkov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gary W Paterson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kay Potzger
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lindner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Damien McGrouther
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rantej Bali
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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Krupinski M, Bali R, Mitin D, Sobieszczyk P, Gregor-Pawlowski J, Zarzycki A, Böttger R, Albrecht M, Potzger K, Marszałek M. Ion induced ferromagnetism combined with self-assembly for large area magnetic modulation of thin films. Nanoscale 2019; 11:8930-8939. [PMID: 31017139 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A highly versatile and scalable path to obtain buried magnetic nanostructures within alloy thin films, while maintaining a flat topography, is described. A magnetic pattern of nanoscale periodicity is generated over ∼cm2 areas by employing a B2 → A2 structural transition in the prototype Fe60Al40 thin alloy films. The phase transition was induced in the confined regions via ion-irradiation through self-assembled nanosphere masks. In this way, large area patterns of a hexagonal symmetry of ferromagnetic nanostructures embedded within a paramagnetic Fe60Al40 thin film are realized. The depth and lateral distribution of the induced magnetization was investigated by magnetometry and microscopy methods. Magnetic contrast imaging as well as simulations shows that the obtained magnetic structures are well defined, with the magnetic behavior tunable via the mask geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Krupinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
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