1
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Haake M, Aldakov D, Pérard J, Veronesi G, Tapia AA, Reuillard B, Artero V. Impact of the Surface Microenvironment on the Redox Properties of a Co-Based Molecular Cathode for Selective Aqueous Electrochemical CO 2-to-CO Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15345-15355. [PMID: 38767986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Electrode-confined molecular catalysts are promising systems to enable the efficient conversion of CO2 to useful products. Here, we describe the development of an original molecular cathode for CO2 reduction to CO based on the noncovalent integration of a tetraazamacrocyclic Co complex to a carbon nanotube-based matrix. Aqueous electrochemical characterization of the modified electrode allowed for clear observation of a change of redox behavior of the Co center as surface concentration was tuned, highlighting the impact of the catalyst microenvironment on its redox properties. The molecular cathode enabled efficient CO2-to-CO conversion in fully aqueous conditions, giving rise to a turnover number (TONCO) of up to 20 × 103 after 2 h of constant electrolysis at a mild overpotential (η = 450 mV) and with a faradaic efficiency for CO of about 95%. Post operando measurements using electrochemical techniques, inductively coupled plasma, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of the films demonstrated that the catalysis remained of molecular nature, making this Co-based electrode a new promising alternative for molecular electrocatalytic conversion of CO2-to-CO in fully aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Haake
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex F-38054, France
| | - Dmitry Aldakov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Julien Pérard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex F-38054, France
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex F-38054, France
| | - Antonio Aguilar Tapia
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, UAR2607 CNRS Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex F-38054, France
| | - Vincent Artero
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex F-38054, France
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2
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Yang J, Zhang C, He R, Yao J, Wang J. Insight into Impacts of π-π Assembly on Phthalocyanine Based Heterogeneous Molecular Electrocatalysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4705-4710. [PMID: 38656800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) to feedstocks competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) immobilized onto carbon driven by π-π interaction represents a classical type of heterogeneous molecular catalyst for CO2R. However, the impacts of π conjugation on the electrocatalysis have not been clarified. Herein, the electrochemical properties of CoPc were investigated by comparison of its analogue to 2,3-naphthalocyanine cobalt (NapCo) having extended π conjugation. It is found that CoPc is redox-active on carbon to provide low oxidized Co sites for improving the CO2R activity and selectivity, while NapCo on carbon turned out to be redox-inert leading to lower performance. In addition, the redox-mediated mechanism for CO2R on CoPc tends to operate with increasing electrolyte alkalinity, which further enhances the reaction selectivity. We speculated that moderate π conjugation allows the redox-mediated mechanism on CoPc, which is critical to promote CO2R performance while depressing the competing HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chenjie Zhang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Runze He
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Yao
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Wang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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3
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Song X, Yan H, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Li S, Zhang J, Ciampi S, Zhang L. Hydroxylation of the indium tin oxide electrode promoted by surface bubbles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4186-4189. [PMID: 38530669 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Adherent bubbles at electrodes are generally treated as reaction penalties. Herein, in situ hydroxylation of indium tin oxide surfaces can be easily achieved by applying a constant potential of +1.0 V in the presence of bubbles. Its successful hydroxylation is further demonstrated by preparing a ferrocene-terminated film, which is confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Song
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuqiao Zhang
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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4
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Kalecki J, Cieplak M, Iskierko Z, Piechowska J, Nogala W, D'Souza F, Sharma PS. Post-imprinting modification: electrochemical and scanning electrochemical microscopy studies of a semi-covalently surface imprinted polymer. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1659-1669. [PMID: 36722440 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein we described a post-imprinting modification of the imprinted molecular cavities for electrochemical sensing of a target protein. Imprinted molecular cavities were generated by following the semi-covalent surface imprinting approach. These mesoporous cavities were modified with a ferrocene 'electrochemical' tracer for electrochemical transduction of the target protein recognition. Electrochemical sensors prepared after post-imprinting modification showed a linear response in the concentration range of 0.5 to 50 μM. Chemosensors fabricated based on capacitive impedimetric transduction demonstrated that imprinted molecular cavities without post-imprinting modification showed better selectivity. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used for the surface characterization of imprinted molecular cavities modified with ferrocene electrochemical tracers. SECM analysis performed in the feedback mode monitor changes in the surface state of the ferrocene-modified polymer film. The kinetics of the mediator regeneration was almost 1.8 times higher on the non-imprinted surface versus the post-imprinting modified molecular imprinted polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kalecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Cieplak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zofia Iskierko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Piechowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Nogala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle No. 305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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5
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Zamader A, Reuillard B, Pécaut J, Billon L, Bousquet A, Berggren G, Artero V. Non-Covalent Integration of a [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Mimic to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202260. [PMID: 36069308 PMCID: PMC10092503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Surface integration of molecular catalysts inspired from the active sites of hydrogenase enzymes represents a promising route towards developing noble metal-free and sustainable technologies for H2 production. Efficient and stable catalyst anchoring is a key aspect to enable this approach. Herein, we report the preparation and electrochemical characterization of an original diironhexacarbonyl complex including two pyrene groups per catalytic unit in order to allow for its smooth integration, through π-interactions, onto multiwalled carbon nanotube-based electrodes. In this configuration, the grafted catalyst could reach turnover numbers for H2 production (TONH2 ) of up to 4±2×103 within 20 h of bulk electrolysis, operating at neutral pH. Post operando analysis of catalyst functionalized electrodes revealed the degradation of the catalytic unit occurred via loss of the iron carbonyl units, while the anchoring groups and most part of the ligand remained attached onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afridi Zamader
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, Cedex, France.,Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Pécaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, UMR 5819, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Billon
- Universite Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000, Pau, France.,Bio-inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- Bio-inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Gustav Berggren
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vincent Artero
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, Cedex, France
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6
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Thadathil DA, M B, Varghese A, Ghosh M. Anchored ferrocene based heterogeneous electrocatalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Reyes Cruz EA, Nishiori D, Wadsworth BL, Nguyen NP, Hensleigh LK, Khusnutdinova D, Beiler AM, Moore GF. Molecular-Modified Photocathodes for Applications in Artificial Photosynthesis and Solar-to-Fuel Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16051-16109. [PMID: 36173689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nature offers inspiration for developing technologies that integrate the capture, conversion, and storage of solar energy. In this review article, we highlight principles of natural photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis, drawing comparisons between solar energy transduction in biology and emerging solar-to-fuel technologies. Key features of the biological approach include use of earth-abundant elements and molecular interfaces for driving photoinduced charge separation reactions that power chemical transformations at global scales. For the artificial systems described in this review, emphasis is placed on advancements involving hybrid photocathodes that power fuel-forming reactions using molecular catalysts interfaced with visible-light-absorbing semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Reyes Cruz
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Daiki Nishiori
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Brian L Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Nghi P Nguyen
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Lillian K Hensleigh
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Diana Khusnutdinova
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Anna M Beiler
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - G F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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8
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Investigating Localized Electrochemical of Ferrocenyl-Imidazolium in Ionic Liquid Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Configuration. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186004. [PMID: 36144739 PMCID: PMC9504359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the localized electrochemical behavior of redox molecule in ionic liquid has been investigated using scanning electrochemical microscopy. The electrochemical response of ferrocenyl-imidazolium redox mediator was studied by recording approach curves over a conducting and insulating substrate in an undiluted ionic liquid. The SECM approach curve over the conducting substrate displays a positive feedback, as observed in classical solvent. However, in the case of the insulating substrate, the approach curve reveals different shapes, depending on the used approach speed. In this configuration, low approach speed is necessary to reach the expected negative feedback. Interestingly, at a very close distance between the UME and the insulating substrate, a thin film behavior is revealed. In addition, the approach curves on both insulator and conducting substrates can be reconstructed from punctual responses at different distance tip-substrate. The latter match perfectly with the expected theoretical curves over conducting and insulating under diffusion control.
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9
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Wu D, Tan L, Ma C, Pan F, Cai W, Li J, Kong Y. Competitive Self-Assembly Interaction between Ferrocenyl Units and Amino Acids for Entry into the Cavity of β-Cyclodextrin for Chiral Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6050-6056. [PMID: 35389624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At present, chiral electroanalysis of nonelectroactive chiral compounds still remains a challenge because they cannot provide an electrochemical signal by themselves. Here, a strategy based on a competitive self-assembly interaction of a ferrocene (Fc) unit and the testing isomers entering into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was carried out for chiral electroanalysis. First of all, the Fc derivative was directly bridged to silica microspheres, followed by inclusion into the cavity of β-CD. As expected, once it was modified onto the surface of a carbon working electrode as an electrochemical sensor, SiO2@Fc-CD-WE, its differential pulse voltammetry signal would markedly decrease compared with the uncovered Fc. Next, when l- and d-isomers of amino acids that included histidine, threonine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid were examined using SiO2@Fc-CD-WE, it showed an enantioselective entry of amino acids into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin instead of Fc, resulting in the release of Fc with signal enhancement. For histidine, glutamic acid, and threonine, l-isomers showed a higher peak current response compared with d-isomers. The peak current ratios between l- and d-isomers were 2.88, 1.21, and 1.40, respectively. At the same time, the opposite phenomenon occurred for phenylalanine with a peak current ratio of 3.19 between d- and l-isomers. In summary, we are assured that the recognition strategy based on the supramolecular interaction can enlarge the detection range of chiral compounds by electrochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lilan Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenrong Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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10
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Ko M, Kim HU, Jeon N. Boosting Electrochemical Activity of Porous Transparent Conductive Oxides Electrodes Prepared by Sequential Infiltration Synthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105898. [PMID: 35187788 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is an emerging technique for producing inorganic-organic hybrid materials and templated inorganic nanomaterials. The application space for SIS is expanding rapidly in areas such as lithography, filtration, photovoltaics, antireflection, and triboelectricity, but not in the field of electrochemistry. This study performs SIS for the fabrication of porous, transparent, and electrically conductive films of indium zinc oxide (IZO) to evaluate their potential as an electrode for electrochemistry. The electrochemical activity of IZO-coated electrodes is evaluated when their surfaces are modified with ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH), a model redox molecule. Results show a 25-fold enhancement in peak current densities mediated by an Fc/Fc+ redox couple for an IZO-coated electrode in comparison with bare electrodes; this is afforded by the porous morphology of the IZO film and the enhanced binding efficiency of FcCOOH on the IZO film. The results confirm the potential of SIS for the preparation of porous transparent conducting oxide electrodes, which will enable the application of SIS-derived materials in various electrochemical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Kim
- Department of Plasma Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ma X, Yue J, Qiao B, Wang Y, Gao Y, Ren T, Tang J, Feng E, Li Z, Han X. Novel fluorescent self-assembling material with gel properties: ion recognition and energy transfer. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel fabrication strategy for preparing fluorescent nanomaterials has been proposed based on supramolecular self-assembly complexes and energy transfer. Here a dual acylhydrazone-functionalized molecule (DAF) was designed and synthesized by...
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12
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Effect of Electrolytic Medium on the Electrochemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide on Si(111) as Probed by XPS. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010043. [PMID: 35009993 PMCID: PMC8747037 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The wafer-scale integration of graphene is of great importance in view of its numerous applications proposed or underway. A good graphene–silicon interface requires the fine control of several parameters and may turn into a high-cost material, suitable for the most advanced applications. Procedures that can be of great use for a wide range of applications are already available, but others are to be found, in order to modulate the offer of different types of materials, at different levels of sophistication and use. We have been exploring different electrochemical approaches over the last 5 years, starting from graphene oxide and resulting in graphene deposited on silicon-oriented surfaces, with the aim of understanding the reactions leading to the re-establishment of the graphene network. Here, we report how a proper choice of both the chemical environment and electrochemical conditions can lead to a more controlled and tunable graphene–Si(111) interface. This can also lead to a deeper understanding of the electrochemical reactions involved in the evolution of graphene oxide to graphene under electrochemical reduction. Results from XPS, the most suitable tool to follow the presence and fate of functional groups at the graphene surface, are reported, together with electrochemical and Raman findings.
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13
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McKenzie ECR, Hosseini S, Petro AGC, Rudman KK, Gerroll BHR, Mubarak MS, Baker LA, Little RD. Versatile Tools for Understanding Electrosynthetic Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3292-3335. [PMID: 34919393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis is a popular, green alternative to traditional organic methods. Understanding the mechanisms is not trivial yet is necessary to optimize reaction processes. To this end, a multitude of analytical tools is available to identify and quantitate reaction products and intermediates. The first portion of this review serves as a guide that underscores electrosynthesis fundamentals, including instrumentation, electrode selection, impacts of electrolyte and solvent, cell configuration, and methods of electrosynthesis. Next, the broad base of analytical techniques that aid in mechanism elucidation are covered in detail. These methods are divided into electrochemical, spectroscopic, chromatographic, microscopic, and computational. Technique selection is dependent on predicted reaction pathways and electrogenerated intermediates. Often, a combination of techniques must be utilized to ensure accuracy of the proposed model. To conclude, future prospects that aim to enhance the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C R McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Seyyedamirhossein Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ana G Couto Petro
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kelly K Rudman
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Benjamin H R Gerroll
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - R Daniel Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Building 232, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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14
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Smith PT, Benke BP, An L, Kim Y, Kim K, Chang CJ. A Supramolecular Porous Organic Cage Platform Promotes Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Bahiru Punja Benke
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Lun An
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
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15
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Johnson SI, Blakemore JD, Brunschwig BS, Lewis NS, Gray HB, Goddard WA, Persson P. Design of robust 2,2'-bipyridine ligand linkers for the stable immobilization of molecular catalysts on silicon(111) surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9921-9929. [PMID: 33908502 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of the 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) moieties to the surface of planar silicon(111) (photo)electrodes was investigated using ab initio simulations performed on a new cluster model for methyl-terminated silicon. Density functional theory (B3LYP) with implicit solvation techniques indicated that adventitious chlorine atoms, when present in the organic linker backbone, led to instability at very negative potentials of the surface-modified electrode. In prior experimental work, chlorine atoms were present as a trace surface impurity due to required surface processing chemistry, and thus could plausibly result in the observed surface instability of the linker. Free energy calculations for the Cl-atom release process with model silyl-linker constructs revealed a modest barrier (14.9 kcal mol-1) that decreased as the electrode potential became more negative. A small library of new bpy-derived structures has additionally been explored computationally to identify strategies that could minimize chlorine-induced linker instability. Structures with fluorine substituents are predicted to be more stable than their chlorine analogues, whereas fully non-halogenated structures are predicted to exhibit the highest stability. The behavior of a hydrogen-evolving molecular catalyst Cp*Rh(bpy) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) immobilized on a silicon(111) cluster was explored theoretically to evaluate differences between the homogeneous and surface-attached behavior of this species in a tautomerization reaction observed under reductive conditions for catalytic H2 evolution. The calculated free energy difference between the tautomers is small, hence the results suggest that use of reductively stable linkers can enable robust attachment of catalysts while maintaining chemical behavior on the electrode similar to that exhibited in homogeneous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha I Johnson
- Materials Research Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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16
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Bajada MA, Roy S, Warnan J, Abdiaziz K, Wagner A, Roessler MM, Reisner E. A Precious-Metal-Free Hybrid Electrolyzer for Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to CO 2 -to-Syngas Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15633-15641. [PMID: 32250531 PMCID: PMC7496929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyzers combining CO2 reduction (CO2 R) with organic substrate oxidation can produce fuel and chemical feedstocks with a relatively low energy requirement when compared to systems that source electrons from water oxidation. Here, we report an anodic hybrid assembly based on a (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) electrocatalyst modified with a silatrane-anchor (STEMPO), which is covalently immobilized on a mesoporous indium tin oxide (mesoITO) scaffold for efficient alcohol oxidation (AlcOx). This molecular anode was subsequently combined with a cathode consisting of a polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine on carbon nanotubes to construct a hybrid, precious-metal-free coupled AlcOx-CO2 R electrolyzer. After three-hour electrolysis, glycerol is selectively oxidized to glyceraldehyde with a turnover number (TON) of ≈1000 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 83 %. The cathode generated a stoichiometric amount of syngas with a CO:H2 ratio of 1.25±0.25 and an overall cobalt-based TON of 894 with a FE of 82 %. This prototype device inspires the design and implementation of nonconventional strategies for coupling CO2 R to less energy demanding, and value-added, oxidative chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bajada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Materials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Maxie M. Roessler
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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17
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Dhar D, McKenas CG, Huang CW, Atkin JM, Dempsey JL, Lockett MR. Quantitative Effects of Disorder on Chemically Modified Amorphous Carbon Electrodes. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2020; 3:8038-8047. [PMID: 32968715 PMCID: PMC7505236 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Real materials are disordered. This disorder influences the properties of these materials and the chemical processes that occur at their interfaces. Gaining a molecular-level understanding of the underlying physical manifestations caused by disordered materials is crucial to unraveling and ultimately controlling the efficiency and performance of these materials in a range of energy-related devices. This understanding necessitates measurement techniques through which disorder can be detected, quantified, and monitored. However, such quantitative measurements are notoriously difficult, as effects often average out in ensemble measurements. In this work, we describe how a combination of electrochemical and spatially resolved surface spectroscopy measurements illuminate a molecular-level picture of disorder in materials. Using amorphous carbon as an intrinsically disordered material, we covalently attached a monolayer of ferrocene. Interfacial electron transfer across the amorphous carbon-ferrocene interface is highly sensitive to disruptions of order. By systematically varying linker properties and surface loadings, the influence of lateral interactions between nonuniformly distributed ferrocene headgroups on ensemble electrochemical measurements is demonstrated. Electrochemical and imaging data collectively indicate that conformational flexibility of the ferrocene moieties provides a mechanism to elude repulsive and unbalanced lateral interactions, while rigid linkages provide direct information about the underlying disorder of the material. This study is the first of its kind to quantify and visualize molecular disorder and heterogeneity with an experimental model accessed through ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Catherine G McKenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chiung-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Joanna M Atkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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18
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Wang J, Huang X, Xi S, Xu H, Wang X. Axial Modification of Cobalt Complexes on Heterogeneous Surface with Enhanced Electron Transfer for Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 627833 Singapore
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
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19
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Wang J, Huang X, Xi S, Xu H, Wang X. Axial Modification of Cobalt Complexes on Heterogeneous Surface with Enhanced Electron Transfer for Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19162-19167. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 627833 Singapore
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
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20
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Bajada MA, Roy S, Warnan J, Abdiaziz K, Wagner A, Roessler MM, Reisner E. A Precious‐Metal‐Free Hybrid Electrolyzer for Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to CO
2
‐to‐Syngas Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bajada
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Materials Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Maxie M. Roessler
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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21
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Immobilization Techniques for Aptamers on Gold Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Proteins: A Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10050045. [PMID: 32354207 PMCID: PMC7277302 DOI: 10.3390/bios10050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of reliable biosensing platforms plays a key role in the detection of proteins in clinically and environmentally derived samples for diagnostics, as well as for process monitoring in biotechnological productions. For this purpose, the biosensor has to be stable and reproducible, and highly sensitive to detect potentially extremely low concentrations and prevent the nonspecific binding of interfering compounds. In this review, we present an overview of recently published (2017–2019) immobilization techniques for aptamers on gold electrodes for the electrochemical detection of proteins. These include the direct immobilization of thiolated aptamers and the utilization of short linkers, streptavidin/biotin interaction, as well as DNA nanostructures and reduced graphene oxide as immobilization platforms. Applied strategies for signal amplification and the prevention of biofouling are additionally discussed, as they play a crucial role in the design of biosensors. While a wide variety of amplification strategies are already available, future investigations should aim to establish suitable antifouling strategies that are compatible with electrochemical measurements. The focus of our review lies on the detailed discussion of the underlying principles and the presentation of utilized chemical protocols in order to provide the reader with promising ideas and profound knowledge of the subject, as well as an update on recent discoveries and achievements.
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22
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Reuillard B, Blanco M, Calvillo L, Coutard N, Ghedjatti A, Chenevier P, Agnoli S, Otyepka M, Granozzi G, Artero V. Noncovalent Integration of a Bioinspired Ni Catalyst to Graphene Acid for Reversible Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5805-5811. [PMID: 31912737 PMCID: PMC7009173 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient heterogeneous catalysis of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) by platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts in proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells represents a significant challenge toward the development of a sustainable hydrogen economy. Here, we show that graphene acid (GA) can be used as an electrode scaffold for the noncovalent immobilization of a bioinspired nickel bis-diphosphine HOR catalyst. The highly functionalized structure of this material and optimization of the electrode-catalyst assembly sets new benchmark electrocatalytic performances for heterogeneous molecular HOR, with current densities above 30 mA cm-2 at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in acidic aqueous conditions and at room temperature. This study also shows the great potential of GA for catalyst loading improvement and porosity management within nanostructured electrodes toward achieving high current densities with a noble-metal free molecular catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Reuillard
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matías Blanco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nathan Coutard
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ahmed Ghedjatti
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Chenevier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA,
CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre
of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincent Artero
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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23
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Wang L, Polyansky DE, Concepcion JJ. Self-Assembled Bilayers as an Anchoring Strategy: Catalysts, Chromophores, and Chromophore-Catalyst Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8020-8024. [PMID: 31062973 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anchoring strategies for immobilization of molecular catalysts, chromophores, and chromophore-catalyst assemblies on electrode surfaces play an important role in solar energy conversion devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells and dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells. They are also important in interfacial studies with surface-bound molecules including electron-transfer dynamics and mechanistic studies related to small molecule activation catalysis. Significant progress has been made in this area, but many challenges remain in terms of stability, synthetic complexity, and versatility. We report here a new anchoring strategy based on self-assembled bilayers. This strategy takes advantage of noncovalent interactions between long alkyl chains chemically bound to a metal-oxide electrode surface and long alkyl chains on the molecule being anchored. The new methodology is applicable to the heterogenization of both catalysts and chromophores as well as to the in situ "synthesis" of chromophore-catalyst assemblies on the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Dmitry E Polyansky
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
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24
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Zhanaidarova A, Ostericher AL, Miller CJ, Jones SC, Kubiak CP. Selective Reduction of CO2 to CO by a Molecular Re(ethynyl-bpy)(CO)3Cl Catalyst and Attachment to Carbon Electrode Surfaces. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon C. Jones
- Electrochemical Technologies Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
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25
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Yao H, Wang J, Song SS, Fan YQ, Guan XW, Zhou Q, Wei TB, Lin Q, Zhang YM. A novel supramolecular AIE gel acts as a multi-analyte sensor array. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular gelator WJ could form a stable supramolecular organogel (WJG) with strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Utilizing the AIE gel, we successfully developed a multi-analyte sensor array which could accurately identify CN−, Al3+, and Fe3+ and l-Cys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Yan-Qing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Xiao-Wen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
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