1
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Yuan J, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Yin X, Lin X. Multi-functional solvent-free SiO2 nanofluid simultaneously improve major properties and fluidity of epoxy resin: A new strategy beyond nanofillers. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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2
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Li Z, Liu Q, Tang S, Feng D, Zhao W, Li B, Xie D, Mei Y. Dual modification of EVA by long chain phosphaphenanthrene grafted MXene and black phosphorene nanosheets for simultaneously enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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3
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Alatawi NM, Alkhamis KM, Munshi AM, Althagafi I, El‐Metwaly NM. Dual mode stimuli‐responsive color‐tunable transparent photoluminescent anticounterfeiting polycarbonate electrospun nanofibers embedded with lanthanide‐doped aluminate. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada M. Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholood M. Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M. Munshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El‐Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
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4
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Novel organophosphonate-decorated WS2 nanosheets towards flame retardancy and mechanical enhancement of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Li L, Hua F, Xi H, Yang J, Xiao T, Zuo R, Xu X, Yang Z, Lei Z. Synthesis of Phosphorous Phenanthrene/L-Tryptophan Flame Retardant for Enhanced Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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7
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Shi X, Wei B, Gao H. Enhanced flame retardancy of epoxy composites containing melamine polyphosphate‐modified boron nitride. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Shi
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Pingdingshan University Pingdingshan China
| | - Baoting Wei
- School of Experimental Technology Henan Chemical Technician College Kaifeng China
| | - Hang Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Pingdingshan University Pingdingshan China
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8
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Shi X, Wei B, Han Y, Du X, He G. Epoxy/melamine polyphosphate modified silicon carbide composites: Thermal conductivity and flame retardancy analyses. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) was modified by melamine polyphosphate (MPP)-modified silicone to form SiC-MPP, then incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) for developing thermally resistant composites, which showed thermal conductivity and flame retardancy performance. The EP/SiC-MPP composites were prepared by blending and cured under 60°C for 2 h and 150°C for 8 h. The grafting degree of SiC-MPP was analyzed using Fourier transform Infrared, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric measurements. The flame retardancy of the EP/SiC-MPP composites was studied by UL-94 vertical combustion and cone calorimetry test. The results showed that for EP/SiC-MPP containing 20 wt%, the UL-94 was case V1. Also compared to pure epoxy, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of composites was reduced from 800 to 304 kW·m−2. The thermal conductivity of EP/SiC-M20 composites was 0.53 W·m−1·K−1, almost 2.5-fold higher than pure epoxy (0.21 W·m−1·K−1). The as-prepared EP/SiC-MPP composites exhibited enhanced flame retardancy and thermal conductivity. Based on analyses performed, these composites took credit-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , 467099 , China
| | - Baoting Wei
- School of Experimental Technology, Henan Chemical Technician College , Kaifeng , 475000 , China
| | - Yongjun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , 467099 , China
| | - Xiangxiang Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , 467099 , China
| | - Guoxu He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , 467099 , China
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9
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Dong J, Mao Z, Chen Z. Toughening, highly thermostable, and flame retardant polylactic acid enabled by polyphosphazene microsphere. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Dong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology Taian City China
| | - Zhize Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
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10
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Zhao C, Sun Z, Wei J, Li Y, Xiang D, Wu Y, Que Y. A Phosphorous-Containing Bio-Based Furfurylamine Type Benzoxazine and Its Application in Bisphenol-A Type Benzoxazine Resins: Preparation, Thermal Properties and Flammability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081597. [PMID: 35458347 PMCID: PMC9028360 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybenzoxazine (PBa) composites based on phosphorous-containing bio-based furfurylamine type benzoxazines (D-fu) and bisphenol-A type benzoxazines (Ba) were developed for flame retardation. The structure of D-fu was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The curing temperature of Ba/D-fu mixtures was systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the excellent char formation ability of the PBa composites with the addition of phosphorous-containing D-fu. The flame retardancy of the PBa composite materials was tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter (CONE). The LOI and UL-94 level of PBa/PD-fu-5% reached 34 and V0 rate, respectively. Notably, the incorporation of 5% D-fu into PBa led to a decrease of 21.9% at the peak of the heat-release rate and a mass-loss reduction of 8.0%. Moreover, the fire performance index increased, which demonstrated that the introduction of D-fu can diminish fire occurrence. The role of D-fu in the condensed and gas phases for the fire-resistant mechanism of the PBa matrix was supported by SEM-EDS and TGA/infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the Tg of PBa flame-retardant composites was around 230 °C. Therefore, PBa composites are promising fire-retardant polymers that can be applied as high-performance functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhangmei Sun
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jixuan Wei
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yusheng Que
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
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11
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Mingfeng C, Huawei Q, Shanshan L, Wei Z, Jiashui L, Canpei L, Huagui Z. Novel Si/N/P‐Containing Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin with Excellent Comprehensive Performance. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mingfeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Qiao Huawei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Li Shanshan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., LTD. Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Lan Jiashui
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., LTD. Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Liu Canpei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhang Huagui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
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12
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Sai T, Su Y, Shen H, Ran S, Huo S, Guo Z, Fang Z. Fabrication and Mechanism Study of Cerium-Based P, N-Containing Complexes for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate with Superior Thermostability and Toughness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30061-30075. [PMID: 34132088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A superior comprehensive performance is essential for the extensive utilization of polymers. Current flame-retardant strategies for polycarbonates (PCs) usually realize satisfied fire resistance at the cost of thermostability, toughness, and/or mechanical robustness. Thus, we report a rare-earth-based P, N-containing complex with a lamellar aggregated structure [Ce(DPA)3] by a coordination reaction between a tailored ligand and cerium(III) nitrate. The results indicate that incorporating 3 wt % Ce(DPA)3 enables the resultant PC composite to achieve UL-94 V-0 rating, with a 55% reduction in the peak heat release rate. Besides, the initial (T5) and maximum (Tmax1 and Tmax2) decomposition temperatures are significantly increased by 21, 19, and 27 °C, respectively, in an air atmosphere. Moreover, the impact strength and elongation at break of the PC composite containing 3 wt % Ce(DPA)3 are greatly increased by 20 and 59%, respectively, relative to pristine PC, while its tensile strength (57 MPa) is still close to that of bulk PC (60 MPa). Notably, this work provides a novel methodology for revealing the evolution mechanisms of chemical structures of vapor and residual products during thermal decomposition, which is conducive to guiding fire and heat resistance modification of PC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sai
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yukai Su
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shiya Ran
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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13
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Hajiali F, Tajbakhsh S, Marić M. Epoxidized Block and Statistical Copolymers Reinforced by Organophosphorus-Titanium-Silicon Hybrid Nanoparticles: Morphology and Thermal and Mechanical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11679-11692. [PMID: 34056323 PMCID: PMC8153999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and a mixture of alkyl methacrylates (average chain length of 13 carbons; termed C13MA; derived from vegetable oils) were copolymerized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization to form epoxidized statistical and block copolymers with similar compositions (F GMA ∼0.8), which were further cross-linked by a bio-based diamine. Hybrid plate-like nanoparticles containing organophosphorus-titanium-silicon (PTS) with an average size of ∼130 nm and high decomposition temperature (485 °C) were synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction to serve as additives to simultaneously enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the blend. Nanocomposites filled with PTS were prepared at different filler-loading levels (0.5, 2, 4 wt %). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the cured block copolymer displayed reaction-induced macrophase-separated domains. TEM also showed an effective dispersion of PTS hybrids in the matrix without intense agglomeration. Thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates revealed the activation energy of poly (GMA-stat-C13MA) at maximum decomposition increased from 143.5 to 327.2 kJ mol-1 with 4 wt % PTS. Decomposition temperature and char residue improved 12 °C and ∼7 wt %, respectively, and T g increased 12 °C by adding 4 wt % PTS. Targeting various PTS concentrations enabled tuning of the tensile modulus (up to 75%), tensile strength (up to 46%), and storage modulus in both glassy state (up to 59%) and rubbery plateau regions (up to 88%). Oscillatory frequency sweeps indicated that PTS makes the storage modulus frequency dependent, suggesting that the inclusion of the nanoparticles alters the relaxation of the surrounding matrix polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Tajbakhsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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14
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Cao J, Duan H, Zou J, Zhang J, Ma H. A bio-based phosphorus-containing co-curing agent towards excellent flame retardance and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Dębowski M, Florjańczyk Z, Ostrowski A, Guńka PA, Zachara J, Krztoń-Maziopa A, Chazarkiewicz J, Iuliano A, Plichta A. 1D and 2D hybrid polymers based on zinc phenylphosphates: synthesis, characterization and applications in electroactive materials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7873-7885. [PMID: 35423336 PMCID: PMC8695067 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09493e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and properties of three hybrid polymers based on zinc arylphosphates are described in this study. Zinc bis(diphenylphosphate) (ZnDPhP) was obtained as needle-like crystals containing hexagonally packed, homochiral 1 ∞[Zn(DPhP)2/2] helical chains. The XRD and DSC studies revealed that upon heating, ZnDPhP undergoes a reversible thermal transition at ca. 160 °C with expansion mainly perpendicular to its c-axis. Zinc phenylphosphate hydrate (ZnMPhP-H) formed plate-like particles with an average thickness of less than 1 μm and much thinner nanolayers with a basal spacing of 15.5 Å. ZnMPhP-H was easily and reversibly dehydrated to its anhydrous form, ZnMPhP-A, which exhibited a somewhat larger basal spacing of 16.5 Å and the capacity for amine intercalation. The thermal decomposition of ZnDPhP or ZnMPhP-A began around 250 °C, resulting in the formation of solid mixtures of zinc phosphates and electron-conducting carbonaceous phases. The bulk electrical conductivities of the poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based composites containing the ZnDPhP pyrolyzates reached 0.1-0.2 S cm-1. Upon mixing with silicone oil, all the synthesized hybrid polymers formed fluids that exhibit significant negative electrorheological effects and have potential for application in electroresponsive smart materials. The application of an electric field during the crosslinking of such systems affected the viscoelastic properties of the resultant solid composites, while the cured systems showed rather small electrorheological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dębowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Zbigniew Florjańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej Ostrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr A Guńka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Zachara
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Krztoń-Maziopa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jakub Chazarkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej Plichta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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16
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Synthesis of Core-Shell Micro/Nanoparticles and Their Tribological Application: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204590. [PMID: 33076415 PMCID: PMC7602668 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the diverse composition, adjustable performance, and synergistic effect among components, core–shell micro/nanoparticles have been widely applied in the field of tribology in recent years. The strong combination with the matrix and the good dispersion of reinforcing fillers in the composites could be achieved through the design of core–shell structural particles based on the reinforcing fillers. In addition, the performance of chemical mechanical polishing could be improved by optimizing the shell material coated on the abrasive surface. The physical and chemical state of the core–shell micro/nanoparticles played important effects on the friction and wear properties of materials. In this paper, the synthesis methods, the tribological applications (acted as solid/liquid lubricant additive, chemical mechanical polishing abrasives and basic units of lubricant matrix), and the functionary mechanisms of core–shell micro/nanoparticles were systematically reviewed, and the future development of core–shell micro/nanoparticles in tribology was also prospected.
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17
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Bian Z, Zhang L, Wu S, He F, Zhang F, Pan J, Xie G. Temperature effect on mechanical strength and frictional properties of polytetrafluoroethylene‐based core‐shell nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jinshan Pan
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Guoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing China
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18
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Layer-by-layer assembled diatomite based on chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate to increase the fire safety of unsaturated polyester resins. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Wan L, Deng C, Zhao ZY, Chen H, Wang YZ. Flame Retardation of Natural Rubber: Strategy and Recent Progress. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E429. [PMID: 32059374 PMCID: PMC7077728 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) as a kind of commercial polymer or engineering elastomer is widely used in tires, dampers, suspension elements, etc., because of its unique overall performance. For some NR products, their work environment is extremely harsh, facing a serious fire safety challenge. Accordingly, it is important and necessary to endow NR with flame retardancy via different strategies. Until now, different methods have been used to improve the flame retardancy of NR, mainly including intrinsic flame retardation through the incorporation of some flame-retarding units into polymer chains and additive-type flame retardation via adding some halogen or halogen-free flame retardants into NR matrix. For them, the synergistic flame-retarding action is usually applied to simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and mechanical properties, in which some synergistic flame retardants such as organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), carbon materials, halloysite nanotube (HNT), etc., are utilized to achieve the above-mentioned aim. The used flame-retarding units in polymer chains for intrinsic flame retardation mainly include phosphorus-containing small molecules, an unsaturated chemical bonds-containing structure, a cross-linking structure, etc.; flame retardants in additive-type flame retardation contain organic and inorganic flame retardants, such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and so on. Concerning the flame retardation of NR, great progress has been made in the past work. To achieve the comprehensive understanding for the strategy and recent progress in the flame retardation of NR, we thoroughly analyze and discuss the past and current flame-retardant strategies and the obtained progress in the flame-retarding NR field in this review, and a brief prospect for the flame retardation of NR is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Deng
- Analytical & Testing Center, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.-Z.W.)
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Zhao L, Zhao C, Guo C, Li Y, Li S, Sun L, Li H, Xiang D. Polybenzoxazine Resins with Polyphosphazene Microspheres: Synthesis, Flame Retardancy, Mechanisms, and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20275-20284. [PMID: 31815230 PMCID: PMC6893964 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphazene microspheres were fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted precipitation polymerization using 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol, 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, 4,4-(9-fluorenylidene)diphenol, and phenolphthalein to obtain poly[4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol]phosphazene (PZAF), poly(4,4'- sulfonyldiphenol)phosphazene (PZS), poly[4,4'-(9-fluorenylidene)diphenol]phosphazene, and poly(phenolphthalein)phosphazene (PZPT) and were incorporated into polybenzoxazines (PBa) to obtain corresponding PZAF/PBa, PZS/PBa, fluorenyl polyphosphazene (PZFP)/PBa, and PZPT/PBa composites. Addition of 5 wt % of PZAF, PZS, PZFP, and PZPT microspheres improved the thermal stability and fire retardancy of PBa resin significantly. Notably, addition of PBa with 5% PZAF led to a 62.5% decrease in the peak heat release rate and 49.3% reduction in total heat release. The role of microspheres in the gas-phase flame-retardancy mechanism in the PBa matrix was studied. Dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrated that the T g of PBa flame-retardant composites was still around 210 °C compared to 221 °C of pure PBa. Hence, the synthesized PBa composites had potential applications as high flame-retardancy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Changyuan Guo
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
- State
Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610050, China
| | - Shuliang Li
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
- Polymer
Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical
& Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Luyi Sun
- Polymer
Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical
& Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Hui Li
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
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Hu X, Yang H, Jiang Y, He H, Liu H, Huang H, Wan C. Facile synthesis of a novel transparent hyperbranched phosphorous/nitrogen-containing flame retardant and its application in reducing the fire hazard of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120793. [PMID: 31252341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel hyperbranched phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardant (HPNFR) was facilely synthesized via the transesterification reaction of dimethyl methylphosphonate and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and characterized successfully by 1H NMR and FTIR. The sample with 4 wt% HPNFR can achieve V-0 rating in UL-94 test and possess a LOI value as high as 34.5%. Conspicuous blowing-out effect was observed during the vertical burning test. TG results indicated that the presence of HPNFR significantly improved the thermal stability of EP thermosets. From cone test, THR, p-HRR, p-SPR and TSP values of HPNFR/EP composites were decreased in comparison to those of pure EP, revealing the reduced fire hazard of EP composites with HPNFR. SEM images of EP thermoset with 4 wt% of HPNFR after cone test exhibited compact and continuous char layers, while those of pure EP are fragmentary and broken. From TG-IR test, the yield of toxic CO and other pyrolysis products was significantly reduced, indicating a decrease in toxicity. Phosphorus-containing compounds were detected in gas phase, which verified the gaseous phase flame retardant effect of HPNFR. Besides, HPNFR would not significantly damage the transparence of EP thermosets, consequently reserved it's application value in some special fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Building Materials and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Yuping Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hualing He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hongyin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Chaojun Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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Li T, Li S, Ma T, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Xu H, Wang B, Feng X, Sui X, Chen Z, Mao Z. Novel organic-inorganic hybrid polyphosphazene modified manganese hypophosphite shuttles towards the fire retardance and anti-dripping of PET. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang Z, Li X, Yuan Y, Pan YT, Wang DY, Yang R. Confined Dispersion of Zinc Hydroxystannate Nanoparticles into Layered Bimetallic Hydroxide Nanocapsules and Its Application in Flame-Retardant Epoxy Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40951-40960. [PMID: 31588722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In many fields, nanoparticles are frequently dispersed onto kinds of nanocarriers integrated into hybrid nanocomposites to acquire advanced performance. However, the nanoparticles usually tend to agglomerate on the surface, according to traditional synthetic methods. Besides, the exposed state of loaded nanoparticles and the weak adhesion with the supporters make them fall off during practical application, leading to "second agglomeration" of the nanoparticles and attenuated synergistic effects. In this work, we engineered layered bimetallic (Ni-Co) hydroxides (NCHs) into enclosed nanocages derived from metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) nanoparticles were selected to be confined dispersed within the hollow cavity of the three-dimensional nanocages. ZHS nanoparticles were tightly immobilized, monodispersing to form a novel multiyolk@shell nanostructure with NCH nanocages. To prove the effectiveness of this structural design, the as-synthesized hybrids ZHS@NCH were introduced into the epoxy matrix to inquiry its performance. Compared to neat ZHS, neat NCH, and physical mixture of ZHS and NCH, ZHS@NCH conferred better flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties upon the epoxy nanocomposites. With the adding amount of 6 wt % ZHS@NCH, the UL-94 rating of the nanocomposite was V-0, and the peak of heat release rate value was reduced by 69.1%, while the mechanical properties were slightly influenced. The ingenious synthetic strategy gives insights into uniform distribution of nanoparticles within nanocapsules and enlightens the facile fabrication of multiyolk@shell nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute , C/Eric Kandel, 2 , 28906 Getafe , Madrid , Spain
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Zhou X, Bai L, Liu X, Ren Y, Song Z, Yang X. Preparation of halogen-free flame retardant polyacrylonitrile via hydrolyzing and grafting with diphenylphosphinyl chloride. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1654392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Bai
- Analytical and Testing center, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanlin Ren
- School of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ziping Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
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Electrostatic action induced interfacial accumulation of layered double hydroxides towards highly efficient flame retardance and mechanical enhancement of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang L, Ren Y, Peng S, Guo D, Wen S, Luo J, Xie G. Core-shell nanospheres to achieve ultralow friction polymer nanocomposites with superior mechanical properties. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8237-8246. [PMID: 30976777 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell nanospheres have been widely used in catalysis, batteries, medicine, etc. owing to their unique structural characteristics, which exhibit optimal performance and integrated functions of both the core and shell materials. To simultaneously achieve outstanding mechanical properties and remarkable lubrication properties in desirable polymer composites, core-shell nanospheres with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the core and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the shell have been adopted as structural units to form bulk nanocomposites. We demonstrated that the mechanical and lubrication properties of the nanocomposites prepared using core-shell nanospheres as the continuous matrix were dramatically improved. Specifically, when compared with that of pure PTFE, the compressive strength of the PTFE@PMMA nanocomposite obviously increased up to one order of magnitude (from ∼9 to ∼90 MPa), the friction coefficient reduced to 25% (the lowest value was 0.03), and the wear rate decreased up to two orders of magnitude. Moreover, the mechanical and lubrication properties of the nanocomposites could be adjusted by changing the core-shell ratio, and an appropriate core-shell ratio was beneficial for achieving the desired comprehensive properties. It has been proposed that the properties, such as the confinement effect, improved dispersion capacity, etc., imparted by the core-shell structure effectively lead to high dispersion of the reinforcement phase, improvement of the binding force of the transfer film to the friction surface, and interruption of the wear process of the polymer composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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