Combining Linker Design and Linker-Exchange Strategies for the Synthesis of a Stable Large-Pore Zr-Based Metal-Organic Framework

Exploring the Gamma-Ray Enhanced NIR-Luminescence and Cytotoxic Potential of Lanthanide-Naphthalene Dicarboxylate based Metal-Organic Frameworks

In this investigation, we explore the integration of lanthanides into Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) to enable Near-Infrared (NIR) emission. Specifically, we focus on Lanthanide-Naphthalene Dicarboxylate based MOFs (Ln-MOFs), incorporating elements such as Praseodymium (Pr), Samarium (Sm), Dysprosium (Dy), and Erbium (Er). The synthesis of Ln-MOFs is achieved via the hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, thermal stability, and luminescence properties of synthesized Ln-MOFs have been evaluated through different characterization techniques. Upon photoexcitation at 350 nm, Ln-MOFs show the emission in the Visible and NIR region. Further, the luminescence intensity of Ln-MOFs enhanced by 2-3 folds in the visible region and 6-8 folds in NIR region after exposing to Gamma irradiation at 150 kGy. Cytotoxic effect on the viability of MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB 468 Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The results revealed that among all synthesized MOFs, Pr-MOF exhibited an aggressive cytotoxic effect. Additionally, analysis of phase-contrast microscopy data indicates that Pr-MOF induces alterations in the morphology of both MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB 468 TNBC cells when compared to untreated controls. The findings in this study reveal the utilization of Ln-MOFs for studying cytotoxicity and highlight their ability to enhance near-infrared (NIR) emission when exposed to gamma radiation.

Development of the design and synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) - from large scale attempts, functional oriented modifications, to artificial intelligence (AI) predictions

Owing to the exceptional porous properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), there has recently been a surge of interest, evidenced by a plethora of research into their design, synthesis, properties, and applications. This expanding research landscape has driven significant advancements in the precise regulation of MOF design and synthesis. Initially dominated by large-scale synthesis approaches, this field has evolved towards more targeted functional modifications. Recently, the integration of computational science, particularly through artificial intelligence predictions, has ushered in a new era of innovation, enabling more precise and efficient MOF design and synthesis methodologies. The objective of this review is to provide readers with an extensive overview of the development process of MOF design and synthesis, and to present visions for future developments.

Regulating defective sites for pharmaceuticals selective removal: Structure-dependent adsorption over continuously tunable pores

Developing efficient adsorbents with proper pore size for pharmaceutical removal is challenging. Water stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials within the three-dimensional frameworks, which have already aroused increasing attention for their potential advantages with high surface area and abundant channels. However, whether or not the existing ones are performing their full capacities needs to be seriously considered. Herein, we precisely designed a series of fine-tuning hierarchically porous materials based on the water-stable Zr-based MOFs. The adsorption capacity and uptake rate of as-synthesized materials for pharmaceuticals are significantly improved. Fifteen isostructural frameworks with increasing finely tuned pore structures were successfully constructed with seven monocarboxylic modulators of increasing alkyl chain lengths. A strong correlated relationship between the mesoporous proportion and trapping kinetics can be found. Adsorption performance of 17 pharmaceuticals with various typical categories has been systematically studied over these as-synthesized materials. Competitors in natural wastewater were studied systematically. The competitive adsorption can selectively trap the target compounds in HA (humic acid), BSA (bovine serum albumin), and BHB (bovine hemoglobin) by an efficient size exclusion effect. Thus, this study offers helpful guidance for MOF modification to enhance the removal of micropollutants in natural wastewater and a fundamental understanding of the porosity-performance relationships.

Engineering of appropriate pore size combined with sulfonic functionalization in a Zr-MOF with reo topology for the ultra-high removal of cationic malachite green dye from an aqueous medium

A Zr-based metal–organic framework with reo topology, denoted as Reo-MOF-1, was fabricated through a solvothermal method capable of efficiently removing the cationic MG dye from an aqueous medium.

Solvent Choice in Metal-Organic Framework Linker Exchange Permits Microstructural Control

Linker exchange is a widely applied, robust technique for elaboration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) post-synthesis. The observation of core-shell microstructures under certain conditions was hypothesized to arise from diffusion rates into the MOF that are slower than linker exchange. Here the relative contributions of these processes are manipulated through solvent choice in order to modulate shell thickness and exchange extent. The findings allow tailoring MOF microstructure to application.

Self-Reducible Conjugated Microporous Polyaniline for Long-Term Selective Cr(VI) Detoxication Driven by Tunable Pore Dimension

A simple methodology to controllably tune the pore size and Cr(VI) adsorption capacity was reported herein to synthesize a new series of conjugated microporous polyaniline (CMPA) networks. The well-ordered micropore was acquired through our very recent Bristol-Xi'an Jiaotong method, and the pore size was fine-tuned to increase with the increasing length of linkers, mimicking covalent organic frameworks and metal organic frameworks very much. A selective ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 520.8 mg/g was achieved by CMPA-1 in a very fast manner, with a systematically gradual decrease to 173.9 mg/g of CMPA-3 by enlarging the pore size of the networks, featuring tunable adsorption capacity through molecular-size-recognition mechanism. Additionally, our robust CMPA networks, which were constructed by Buchwald-Hartwig chemistry, showed the complete function of polyaniline and were capable of providing, besides large storage capacity for Cr(III), at least 10 reductant/desorption-free cycles for effective Cr(VI) reduction and detoxication through their novel self-reducible redox states. Outcomes showed that our CMPAs could be applied as new self-healing scavengers in the next generation for Cr(VI) storage and detoxication.

Tuning the packing, interpenetration, and porosity of two-dimensional networks by metal ions and ligand side groups

A methyl-modified bent pyridyl-carboxylate ligand reacts with three metal ions to yield three sql coordination networks, showing different packing and interpenetration modes and porosities.

Effect of Fe(iii)-based MOFs on the catalytic efficiency of the tandem cyclooxidative reaction between 2-aminobenzamide and alcohols

Fe-MOFs were used as efficient heterogeneous catalysts in the tandem cyclooxidative reaction under microwave irradiation.

Atomic- and Molecular-Level Design of Functional Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Derivatives for Energy and Environmental Applications

Continuing population growth and accelerated fossil-fuel consumption with recent technological advancements have engendered energy and environmental concerns, urging researchers to develop advanced functional materials to overcome the associated problems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as frontier materials due to their unique porous organic-inorganic hybrid periodic assembly and exceptional diversity in structural properties and chemical functionalities. In particular, the modular nature and modularity-dependent activity of MOFs and MOF derivatives have accentuated the delicate atomic- and molecular design and synthesis of MOFs, and their meticulous conversion into carbons and transition-metal-based materials. Synthetic control over framework architecture, content, and reactivity has led to unprecedented merits relevant to various energy and environmental applications. Herein, an overview of the atomic- and molecular-design strategies of MOFs to realize application-targeted properties is provided. Recent progress on the development of MOFs and MOF derivatives based on these strategies, along with their performance, is summarized with a special emphasis on design-structure and functionality-activity relationships. Next, the respective energy- and environmental-related applications of catalysis and energy storage, as well as gas storage-separation and water harvesting with close association to the energy-water-environment nexus are highlighted. Last, perspectives on current challenges and recommendations for further development of MOF-based materials are also discussed.

A new iron-based metal-organic framework with enhancing catalysis activity for benzene hydroxylation

A new Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF), termed Fe-TBAPy Fe2(OH)2(TBAPy)·4.4H2O, was solvothermally synthesized. Structural analysis revealed that Fe-TBAPy is built from [Fe(OH)(CO2)2]∞ rod-shaped SBUs (SBUs = secondary building units) and 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoate)pyrene (TBAPy4-) linker to form the frz topological structure highlighted by 7 Å channels and 3.4 Å narrow pores sandwiching between the pyrene cores of TBAPy4-. Consequently, Fe-TBAPy was used as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for benzene hydroxylation. Remarkably, the catalysis reaction resulted in high phenol yield and selectivity of 64.5% and 92.9%, respectively, which are higher than that of the other Fe-based MOFs and comparable with those of the best-performing heterogeneous catalysts for benzene hydroxylation. This finding demonstrated the potential for the design of MOFs with enhancing catalysis activity for benzene hydroxylation.

Tailoring the pore size and shape of the one-dimensional channels in iron-based MOFs for enhancing the methane storage capacity

A Fe-based MOF with narrow rectangular channels exhibited a comparable volumetric CH₄ uptake with benchmark materials (e.g. MOF-5, MOF-205, MOF-905-NO₂, and MOF-210).