1
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Ding J, Yang Y, Poisson J, He Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Bao Y, Chen S, Chen YM, Zhang K. Recent Advances in Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:1803-1825. [PMID: 38633997 PMCID: PMC11019642 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Growing concern regarding the impact of fossil fuels has led to demands for the development of green and renewable materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices. Biopolymers with unique hierarchical structures and physicochemical properties, serving as an appealing platform for the advancement of sustainable energy, have found widespread application in the gel electrolytes of supercapacitors. In this Review, we outline the structure and characteristics of various biopolymers, discuss the proposed mechanisms and assess the evaluation metrics of gel electrolytes in supercapacitor devices, and further analyze the roles of biopolymer materials in this context. The state-of-the-art electrochemical performance of biopolymer-based hydrogel electrolytes for supercapacitors and their multiple functionalities are summarized, while underscoring the current technical challenges and potential solutions. This Review is intended to offer a thorough overview of recent developments in biopolymer-based hydrogel electrolytes, highlighting research concerning green and sustainable energy storage devices and potential avenues for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Ding
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration
Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration
Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jade Poisson
- Sustainable
Materials and Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuan He
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration
Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi
Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration
Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Bao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi
Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shuiliang Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi
Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yong Mei Chen
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration
Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable
Materials and Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Liao H, Su J, Han J, Xiao T, Sun X, Cui G, Duan X, Shi P. An Intrinsic Self-Healable, Anti-Freezable and Ionically Conductive Hydrogel for Soft Ionotronics Induced by Imidazolyl Cross-Linker Molecules Anchored with Dynamic Disulfide Bonds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300613. [PMID: 38157222 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are ideal materials for flexible electronic devices based on their smooth ion channels and considerable mechanical flexibility. A substantial volume of aqueous solution is required to enable the smooth flow of ions, resulting in the agony of low-temperature freezing; besides, long-term exposure to bending/tensile tress triggers fatigue issues. Therefore, it is a great challenge to prepare hydrogels with both freeze-resistance and long-term durability. Herein, a polyacrylic acid-based hydrogel with both hydrophobic interaction and dynamic reversible covalent bonding cross-linking networks is preparing (DC-hydrogel) by polymerizing a bi-functional imidazole-type ionic liquid monomer with integrated disulfide and alkene bonds (DS/DB-IL) and an octadecyl methacrylate, achieving self-healing. The DS/DB-IL anchored into the polymer backbone has a high affinity with water, reducing the freezing point of water, while the DS/DB-IL with free ions provides superior ionic conductivity to the DC-hydrogel. The polyacrylic acid with abundant carboxyl gives hydrogel good self-adhesiveness to different substrates. Ionotronics with resistance-type sensors with stable output performance are fabricated and explored its application to joint motion and health information. Moreover, hydrogel-based sensing arrays with high resolution and accuracy are fabricated to identify 2D distribution of stress. The hydrogels have great promise for various ionotronics in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Liao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
- China Textile Academy (Zhejiang) Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312071, China
| | - Jiayi Su
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Jieling Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Tieming Xiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Guixin Cui
- China Textile Academy (Zhejiang) Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312071, China
| | - Xiaofei Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Pu Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
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3
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He K, Cai P, Ji S, Tang Z, Fang Z, Li W, Yu J, Su J, Luo Y, Zhang F, Wang T, Wang M, Wan C, Pan L, Ji B, Li D, Chen X. An Antidehydration Hydrogel Based on Zwitterionic Oligomers for Bioelectronic Interfacing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311255. [PMID: 38030137 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are ideal interfacing materials for on-skin healthcare devices, yet their susceptibility to dehydration hinders their practical use. While incorporating hygroscopic metal salts can prevent dehydration and maintain ionic conductivity, concerns arise regarding metal toxicity due to the passage of small ions through the skin barrier. Herein, an antidehydration hydrogel enabled by the incorporation of zwitterionic oligomers into its network is reported. This hydrogel exhibits exceptional water retention properties, maintaining ≈88% of its weight at 40% relative humidity, 25 °C for 50 days and about 84% after being heated at 50 °C for 3 h. Crucially, the molecular weight design of the embedded oligomers prevents their penetration into the epidermis, as evidenced by experimental and molecular simulation results. The hydrogel allows stable signal acquisition in electrophysiological monitoring of humans and plants under low-humidity conditions. This research provides a promising strategy for the development of epidermis-safe and biocompatible antidehydration hydrogel interfaces for on-skin devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zihan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Jiangtao Su
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Pan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Baohua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dechang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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4
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Khan A, Kisannagar RR, Mahmood S, Chuang WT, Katiyar M, Gupta D, Lin HC. Intrinsically Stretchable Conductive Self-Healable Organogels for Strain, Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42954-42964. [PMID: 37643238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable conductive self-healable organogels containing poly(lipoic acid), Al3+ ion, tannic acid, and reduced graphene oxide are produced in this report. These noncovalent networks interlocked through physical (hydrogen and coordination) bonds offered high stretchabilities and mechanical strengths as well as fast self-healing behaviors. The optimum organogel-based sensor showed outstanding pressure sensitivities (0.94 kPa-1 up to 10 and 1.07 kPa-1 for 10-50 kPa) and high strain responses (corresponding gauge factors of 1.1 and 0.4 for 0-50 and 50-100% stretching ratios). This organogel also revealed high stabilities at ambient atmosphere due to the presence of binary solvents of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol. Additionally, this stretchable thermistor displayed remarkable two-stage sensitivities of -2.6 and -0.4%/°C ranging over 0-30 and 30-80 °C, respectively. Besides, the signal variations of water droplet addition and removal with different temperatures were recorded by the organogel sensor to elucidate the practical applicabilities as a temperature sensor. Moreover, the organogel was utilized to demonstrate humidity sensing, where individual sensitivities of 0.89 and 0.55 were obtained in the respective relative humidity ranges of 10-30 and 40-90%. In the meanwhile, the sensor device illustrated distinct humidity signals during respiration monitoring of nose and mouth breathing detection. Accordingly, these quad-functional sensor applications in strain, pressure, temperature, and humidity detection enable this gel to act as a promising material for future multifunctional flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ravinder Reddy Kisannagar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Sadiq Mahmood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Monica Katiyar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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5
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Zhao L, Ling Q, Fan X, Gu H. Self-Healable, Adhesive, Anti-Drying, Freezing-Tolerant, and Transparent Conductive Organohydrogel as Flexible Strain Sensor, Triboelectric Nanogenerator, and Skin Barrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40975-40990. [PMID: 37584619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted tremendous interest in the construction of flexible strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) owing to their good stretchability and adjustable properties. Nevertheless, how to simultaneously achieve high transparency, self-healing, adhesion, antibacterial, anti-freezing, anti-drying, and biocompatibility properties through a simple method remains a challenge. Herein, a transparent, freezing-tolerant, and multifunctional organohydrogel (PAOAM-PDO) as electrode for strain sensors and TENGs was constructed through a free radical polymerization in the 1,3-propanediol (PDO)/water binary solvent system, in which oxide sodium alginate, aminated gelatin, acrylic acid, and AlCl3 were used as raw materials. The obtained PAOAM-PDO exhibited good transparency (>90%), self-healing, adhesiveness, antibacterial property, good conductivity (1.13 S/m), and long-term environmental stability. The introduction of PDO endowed PAOAM-PDO with freezing resistance with a low freezing point of -60 °C, and PAOAM-PDO could serve as a protective skin barrier to prevent frostbite at low temperature. PAOAM-PDO could be assembled as strain sensors to monitor heterogeneous human movements with high strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 7.05, strain = 233%). Meanwhile, PAOAM-PDO could be further fabricated as a TENG with a "sandwich" structure in single electrode mode. Moreover, the resulting TENG achieved electrical outputs with simple hand tapping and served as a self-powered device to light light-emitting diodes. This work displays a feasible strategy to build environment-tolerant and multifunctional organohydrogels, which possess potential applications in the wearable electronics and self-powered devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Qiangjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Min J, Zhou Z, Fu H. A self‐healing electrostatic interaction crosslinked temperature sensitive conductive hydrogel for strain and temperature sensor. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Min
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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7
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Oral CB, Yetiskin B, Cil C, Kok FN, Okay O. Silk Fibroin-Based Shape-Memory Organohydrogels with Semicrystalline Microinclusions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1594-1603. [PMID: 36922721 PMCID: PMC10114111 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, we designed organohydrogels (OHGs) consisting of a silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel as the continuous phase and the hydrophobic microinclusions based on semicrystalline poly(n-octadecyl acrylate) (PC18A) as the dispersed phase. SF acts as a self-emulsifier to obtain oil-in-water emulsions, and hence, it is a versatile and green alternative to chemical emulsifiers. We first prepared a stable oil-in-water emulsion without an external emulsifier by dispersing the n-octadecyl acrylate (C18A) monomer in an aqueous SF solution. To stabilize the emulsions for longer times, gelation in the continuous SF phase was induced by the addition of ethanol, which is known to trigger the conformational transition in SF from random coil to β-sheet structures. In the second step, in situ polymerization of C18A droplets in the emulsion system was conducted under UV light in the presence of a photoinitiator to obtain high-strength OHGs with shape-memory function, and good cytocompatibility. The incorporation of hydrophilic N,N-dimethylacrylamide and noncrystallizable hydrophobic lauryl methacrylate units in the hydrogel and organogel phases of OHGs, respectively, further improved their mechanical and shape-memory properties. The shape-memory OHGs presented here exhibit switchable viscoelasticity and mechanics, a high Young's modulus (up to 4.3 ± 0.1 MPa), compressive strength (up to 2.5 ± 0.1 MPa), and toughness (up to 0.68 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Buse Oral
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Berkant Yetiskin
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Canan Cil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nese Kok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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8
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Ultrarobust subzero healable materials enabled by polyphenol nano-assemblies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:814. [PMID: 36781865 PMCID: PMC9925762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-inspired self-healing materials hold great promise for applications in wearable electronics, artificial muscles and soft robots, etc. However, self-healing at subzero temperatures remains a great challenge because the reconstruction of interactions will experience resistance of the frozen segments. Here, we present an ultrarobust subzero healable glassy polymer by incorporating polyphenol nano-assemblies with a large number of end groups into polymerizable deep eutectic solvent elastomers. The combination of multiple dynamic bonds and rapid secondary relaxations with low activation energy barrier provides a promising method to overcome the limited self-healing ability of glassy polymers, which can rarely be achieved by conventional dynamic cross-linking. The resulted material exhibits remarkably improved adhesion force at low temperature (promotes 30 times), excellent mechanical properties (30.6 MPa) and desired subzero healing efficiencies (85.7% at -20 °C). We further demonstrated that the material also possesses reliable cryogenic strain-sensing and functional-healing ability. This work provides a viable approach to fabricate ultrarobust subzero healable glassy polymers that are applicable for winter sports wearable devices, subzero temperature-suitable robots and artificial muscles.
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9
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Xin F, Lyu Q. A Review on Thermal Properties of Hydrogels for Electronic Devices Applications. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010007. [PMID: 36661775 PMCID: PMC9858193 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, as a series of three-dimensional, crosslinked, hydrophilic network polymers, exhibit extraordinary properties in softness, mechanical robustness and biocompatibility, which have been extensively utilized in various fields, especially for electronic devices. However, since hydrogels contain plenty of water, the mechanical and electrochemical properties are susceptible to temperature. The thermal characteristics of hydrogels can significantly affect the performance of flexible electronic devices. In this review, recent research on the thermal characteristics of hydrogels and their applications in electronic devices is summarized. The focus of future work is also proposed. The thermal stability, thermoresponsiveness and thermal conductivity of hydrogels are discussed in detail. Anti-freezing and anti-drying properties are the critical points for the thermal stability of hydrogels. Methods such as introducing soluble ions and organic solvents into hydrogels, forming ionogels, modifying polymer chains and incorporating nanomaterials can improve the thermal stability of hydrogels under extreme environments. In addition, the critical solution temperature is crucial for thermoresponsive hydrogels. The thermoresponsive capacity of hydrogels is usually affected by the composition, concentration, crosslinking degree and hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of copolymers. In addition, the thermal conductivity of hydrogels plays a vital role in the electronics applications. Adding nanocomposites into hydrogels is an effective way to enhance the thermal conductivity of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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10
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Bonardd S, Nandi M, Hernández García JI, Maiti B, Abramov A, Díaz Díaz D. Self-Healing Polymeric Soft Actuators. Chem Rev 2022; 123:736-810. [PMID: 36542491 PMCID: PMC9881012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural evolution has provided multicellular organisms with sophisticated functionalities and repair mechanisms for surviving and preserve their functions after an injury and/or infection. In this context, biological systems have inspired material scientists over decades to design and fabricate both self-healing polymeric materials and soft actuators with remarkable performance. The latter are capable of modifying their shape in response to environmental changes, such as temperature, pH, light, electrical/magnetic field, chemical additives, etc. In this review, we focus on the fusion of both types of materials, affording new systems with the potential to revolutionize almost every aspect of our modern life, from healthcare to environmental remediation and energy. The integration of stimuli-triggered self-healing properties into polymeric soft actuators endow environmental friendliness, cost-saving, enhanced safety, and lifespan of functional materials. We discuss the details of the most remarkable examples of self-healing soft actuators that display a macroscopic movement under specific stimuli. The discussion includes key experimental data, potential limitations, and mechanistic insights. Finally, we include a general table providing at first glance information about the nature of the external stimuli, conditions for self-healing and actuation, key information about the driving forces behind both phenomena, and the most important features of the achieved movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bonardd
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,S.D.: email,
| | - Mridula Nandi
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - José Ignacio Hernández García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain
| | - Binoy Maiti
- School
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Alex Abramov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany,D.D.D.:
email,
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11
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Ye W, Guo M, Li Q, Wang L, Zhao C, Xiang D, Lai J, Li H, Li Z, Wu Y. High strength, anti‐freezing, and conductive poly(vinyl alcohol)/urea ionic hydrogels as soft sensor. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ye
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Meiling Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Environmental Engineering Chengdu Technological University Chengdu China
| | - Qing Li
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Li Wang
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Chuanxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Jingjuan Lai
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Hui Li
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
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12
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Sun Z, Hu Y, Wei C, Hao R, Hao C, Liu W, Liu H, Huang M, He S, Yang M. Transparent, photothermal and stretchable alginate-based hydrogels for remote actuation and human motion sensing. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 293:119727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Ling Q, Liu W, Liu J, Zhao L, Ren Z, Gu H. Highly Sensitive and Robust Polysaccharide-Based Composite Hydrogel Sensor Integrated with Underwater Repeatable Self-Adhesion and Rapid Self-Healing for Human Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24741-24754. [PMID: 35580208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tough, biocompatible, and conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors are attractive in the fields of human motion detection and wearable electronics, whereas it is still a great challenge to simultaneously integrate underwater adhesion and self-healing properties into one hydrogel sensor. Here, a highly stretchable, sensitive, and multifunctional polysaccharide-based dual-network hydrogel sensor was constructed using dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC), chitosan (CS), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and aluminum ions (Al3+). The obtained DCMC/CS/PAA (DCP) composite hydrogels exhibit robust mechanical strength and good adhesive and self-healing properties, due to the reversible dynamic chemical bonds and physical interactions such as Schiff base bonds and metal coordination. The conductivity of hydrogel is 2.6 S/m, and the sensitivity (gauge factor (GF)) is up to 15.56. Notably, the DCP hydrogel shows excellent underwater repeatable adhesion to animal tissues and good self-healing properties in water (self-healing rate > 90%, self-healing time < 10 min). The DCP hydrogel strain sensor can sensitively monitor human motion including finger bending, smiling, and wrist pulse, and it can steadily detect human movement underwater. This work is expected to provide a new strategy for the design of high-performance intelligent sensors, particularly for applications in wet and underwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiachang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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14
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Ding Q, Wu Z, Tao K, Wei Y, Wang W, Yang BR, Xie X, Wu J. Environment tolerant, adaptable and stretchable organohydrogels: preparation, optimization, and applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1356-1386. [PMID: 35156986 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01871j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stretchable materials have been successively developed and applied to wearable devices, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. Organohydrogels are currently being widely studied and formed by dispersing immiscible hydrophilic/hydrophobic polymer networks or only hydrophilic polymer networks in an organic/water solvent system. In particular, they can not only inherit and carry forward the merits of hydrogels, but also have some unique advantageous features, such as anti-freezing and water retention abilities, solvent resistance, adjustable surface wettability, and shape memory effect, which are conducive to the wide environmental adaptability and intelligent applications. This review first summarizes the structure, preparation strategy, and unique advantages of the reported organohydrogels. Furthermore, organohydrogels can be optimized for electro-mechanical properties or endowed with various functionalities by adding or modifying various functional components owing to their modifiability. Correspondingly, different optimization strategies, mechanisms, and advanced developments are described in detail, mainly involving the mechanical properties, conductivity, adhesion, self-healing properties, and antibacterial properties of organohydrogels. Moreover, the applications of organohydrogels in flexible sensors, energy storage devices, nanogenerators, and biomedicine have been summarized, confirming their unlimited potential in future development. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects of organohydrogels are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yaoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Weiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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15
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Yang Y, Xu L, Wang J, Meng Q, Zhong S, Gao Y, Cui X. Recent advances in polysaccharide-based self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 283:119161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Tian Y, Zhu X, Gan T, He B, Wang X. Preparation of multifunctional biohydrogel sensors with one freeze–thaw process. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Ting Gan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Bin He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
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17
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Xia S, Gao Y, Gao G. Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xin Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shan Xia
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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18
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Peng W, Han L, Gao Y, Gong Z, Lu T, Xu X, Xu M, Yamauchi Y, Pan L. Flexible organohydrogel ionic skin with Ultra-Low temperature freezing resistance and Ultra-Durable moisture retention. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:396-404. [PMID: 34626985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS One prevailing method to construct excellent temperature tolerance/long-lasting moisture hydrogels is to couple the original hydrogel networks with freezing-tolerant/moisture retaining agents, including ionic liquids, inorganic salts, zwitterionic osmolytes, and polyhydric alcohols. Among them, organohydrogels have shed new light on the development of ionic skins with long-term usability and stable sensing performance at subzero temperatures due to their long-lasting water retention and anti-freezing capability. EXPERIMENTS We report a dual network organohydrogel by doping conductive ZnSO4 into the double network hydrogel of polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylamide (PVA-PAM) with subsequent immersing in a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol (EG) and H2O. The anti-freezing and moisture retaining abilities of the PVA/PAM/Zn/EG (PPZE) organohydrogel were studied and the sensing performances of the PPZE organohydrogel-based ionic skin were investigated. FINDINGS The organohydrogel exhibits a high conductivity (0.44 S m-1), excellent fatigue resistance and exceptional moisture retaining ability with more than 99.3% of the initial weight retention after 31 days storage at ambient temperature. Importantly, the PPZE organohydrogel-based ionic skin shows an ultra-low temperature anti-freezing ability and remains flexibility and sensing capability with a high sensitivity (signal response time ∼ 0.23 s) even at -50 °C. The PPZE organohydrogel demonstrates a tremendous potential in artificial skin and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xingtao Xu
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Min Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Likun Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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19
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Ge J, Dai S, Dong X, Li M, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Yuan N, Ding J. A wide-temperature-range sensor based on wide-strain-range self-healing and adhesive organogels. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptable physicochemically double cross-linked network organogels for use at different temperatures are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Dai
- Institute of Intelligent flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yida Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ningyi Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jianning Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
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20
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Abstract
Skin-like electronics are developing rapidly to realize a variety of applications such as wearable sensing and soft robotics. Hydrogels, as soft biomaterials, have been studied intensively for skin-like electronic utilities due to their unique features such as softness, wetness, biocompatibility and ionic sensing capability. These features could potentially blur the gap between soft biological systems and hard artificial machines. However, the development of skin-like hydrogel devices is still in its infancy and faces challenges including limited functionality, low ambient stability, poor surface adhesion, and relatively high power consumption (as ionic sensors). This review aims to summarize current development of skin-inspired hydrogel devices to address these challenges. We first conduct an overview of hydrogels and existing strategies to increase their toughness and conductivity. Next, we describe current approaches to leverage hydrogel devices with advanced merits including anti-dehydration, anti-freezing, and adhesion. Thereafter, we highlight state-of-the-art skin-like hydrogel devices for applications including wearable electronics, soft robotics, and energy harvesting. Finally, we conclude and outline the future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ying
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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21
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He Z, Yuan W. Highly Stretchable, Adhesive Ionic Liquid-Containing Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Self-Powered Multifunctional Strain Sensors with Temperature Tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53055-53066. [PMID: 34699172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for wearable sensors consisting of multifunctional conductive hydrogels with fatigue resistance and adhesion properties is rising. More importantly, it is necessary to improve the freezing tolerance and dehydration resistance of hydrogels to avoid performance degradation in harsh environments. Herein, a robust nanocomposite ionogel was fabricated in [EMIM][Cl] ionic liquid and clay nanosheets were used as physical cross-linkers through rapid UV polymerization. The excellent mechanical properties, repeated self-adhesion to various substrates, freezing tolerance, and anti-drying properties were integrated into the nanocomposite ionic liquid hydrogel. The addition of clay nanosheets Laponite XLG endowed the ionogel with a high stretchability of up to 1200% and a tensile strength of up to 0.14 MPa, and the ionogel could be recovered when the external force was released. Ascribing to ionic liquids, the nanocomposite ionogel displayed ionic conductivity and temperature tolerance. An ionogel battery with a 0.72 V output voltage was formed by assembling the ionogel with a layer of zinc and copper sheet on each side to realize the conversion from chemical energy to electrical energy. The maximum voltage could reach 2.8 V when the four units are combined, which could provide energy for an LED bulb and could be used as a self-powered strain sensor under harsh conditions. In this work, a multifunctional ionogel self-powered sensor is proposed, which has potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, human-machine interaction, and biosensors over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu Y, Xu D, Ding Y, Lv X, Huang T, Yuan B, Jiang L, Sun X, Yao Y, Tang J. A conductive polyacrylamide hydrogel enabled by dispersion-enhanced MXene@chitosan assembly for highly stretchable and sensitive wearable skin. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8862-8870. [PMID: 34671799 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MXene is recognized as an ideal material for sensitive wearable strain sensors because of its unique advantages of conductivity, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. However, conventional hydrogel sensors utilizing MXene as a conductive material inevitably encounter the excessive accumulation of MXene nanosheets during the process of synthesis, which limits the electron transmission, reduces the conductivity, and concurrently weakens the mechanical capability and sensitivity of sensors. Herein, we construct a dispersion-enhanced MXene hydrogel (DEMH) through a chitosan-induced self-assembly strategy for the first time. Charge transfer is carried out through the flow of a material or a collection of material microstructures, and thus the highly interconnected 3D MXene@Chitosan network provides fast transport channels for electrons, and the DEMH exhibits excellent conductivity and sensibility simultaneously. Besides, the electrostatic self-assembly between MXene and chitosan, and the supramolecular interactions between MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide chain segment result in excellent mechanical strength (of up to 1900%) and flexibility of DEMH. Furthermore, the introduction of chitosan which possesses a high density of positively charged groups and MXene with semiconducting properties also endows sensor versatility, such as self-adhesion properties and antibacterial activity. This work develops a simple and cut-price strategy for combining MXene unaggregated into a hydrogel as a sensor with high conductivity, sensibility and flexibility. A simple and inexpensive strategy for avoiding self-stacking of two-dimensional conductive materials is proposed, which paves the way for a broad range of applications in electronic skin, human motion detection and intelligent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Daren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Lv
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Wanasingha N, Dorishetty P, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. Polyelectrolyte Gels: Fundamentals, Fabrication and Applications. Gels 2021; 7:148. [PMID: 34563034 PMCID: PMC8482214 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte gels are an important class of polymer gels and a versatile platform with charged polymer networks with ionisable groups. They have drawn significant recent attention as a class of smart material and have demonstrated potential for a variety of applications. This review begins with the fundamentals of polyelectrolyte gels, which encompass various classifications (i.e., origin, charge, shape) and crucial aspects (ionic conductivity and stimuli responsiveness). It further centralises recent developments of polyelectrolyte gels, emphasising their synthesis, structure-property relationships and responsive properties. Sequentially, this review demonstrates how polyelectrolyte gels' flourishing properties create attractiveness to a range of applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, actuators and bioelectronics. Finally, the review outlines the indisputable appeal, further improvements and emerging trends in polyelectrolyte gels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naba K. Dutta
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (N.W.); (P.D.)
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (N.W.); (P.D.)
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Li S, Zhou H, Li Y, Jin X, Liu H, Lai J, Wu Y, Chen W, Ma A. Mussel-inspired self-adhesive hydrogels by conducting free radical polymerization in both aqueous phase and micelle phase and their applications in flexible sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:431-439. [PMID: 34509117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA)-based self-adhesive hydrogel sensors are extensively explored but it is still a challenge to construct PDA-based hydrogels by free radical polymerization. Herein, a new approach to construct self-adhesive hydrogels by conducting free radical polymerization in both aqueous phase and micelle phase is developed. The following two-phase polymerization processes account for the formation of the self-adhesive hydrogels. The first one is the polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and dopamine (DA) in aqueous phase to form adhesive component PAM-PDA (PAM, polyacrylamide; PDA, polydopamine). The second one is the polymerization of hydrophobic monomer 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) in micelles of an amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA). The poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) networks help to maintain the high robustness of the hydrogel. Because PMEA and PDA form in relatively separated phases, the inhibition effect of PDA on the free radical polymerization process of PMEA is weakened. Based on this mechanism, mechanically strong and adhesive hydrogels are achieved. The introduced ions during preparation process, such as Na+, OH- and K+, endow the resulting hydrogels ionic conductivity. Resistive strain sensor of the hydrogel achieves a high gauge factor (GF) of 5.26, a response time of 0.25 s and high sensing stability. Because of the adhesiveness, such hydrogel sensor can be applied as wearable sensors in monitoring various human motions. To further address the freezing and drying problems of the hydrogels, organohydrogels are constructed in glycerol-water mixed solvent. The organohydrogels exhibit outstanding anti-freezing property and moisture retention ability, and their adhesiveness is well maintained in subzero conditions. Capacitive pressure sensors of the organohydrogels possessing a GF of 2.05 kPa-1, high sensing stability and reversibility, are demonstrated and explored in monitoring diverse human motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Yongfei Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xilang Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Hanbin Liu
- Shaanxi Provincal Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jialiang Lai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University 610500, China.
| | - Weixing Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Aijie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
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Liu R, Cui L, Wang H, Chen Q, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Tough, Resilient, Adhesive, and Anti-Freezing Hydrogels Cross-Linked with a Macromolecular Cross-Linker for Wearable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42052-42062. [PMID: 34435780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ideal conductive hydrogels for flexible, wearable strain sensors should be tough, highly resilient, adhesive, and anti-freezing. However, such hydrogels are difficult to design. Herein, a multifunctional macromolecular cross-linker (MC) based on poly(hydroxyethyl-l-glutamine) was designed and used to synthesize the hydrogels. Cross-linking with the MC leads to a reduced inhomogeneity of the gel network. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the gels are significantly improved compared with the ordinary hydrogels cross-linked with the conventional cross-linker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS). The MC-cross-linked gels also exhibit high resilience. At the same time, replacing BIS with MC significantly improves the adhesive properties of the gel, which is attributed to the introduction of a large amount of adhesive groups with the MC. The gels can stick to various substrates including skin. The good tissue adhesiveness of the gel allows it to stick to skin by itself without using any straps or adhesive tapes when used as a flexible wearable strain sensor. Both large and subtle human movements were successfully monitored using the sensor. The signals are highly stable and reliable, thanks to the high resilience of the gel. The introduction of the polar groups also improved dramatically the anti-freezing properties of the gels. Even at -20 °C, the gels still remained highly flexible and stretchable, therefore allowing the gel-based sensor to work at sub-zero temperatures. The excellent toughness, resilience, tissue-adhesiveness, and anti-freezing properties of the gel make it a good choice for a flexible wearable sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haozheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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26
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Ekeocha J, Ellingford C, Pan M, Wemyss AM, Bowen C, Wan C. Challenges and Opportunities of Self-Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008052. [PMID: 34165832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering materials and devices can be damaged during their service life as a result of mechanical fatigue, punctures, electrical breakdown, and electrochemical corrosion. This damage can lead to unexpected failure during operation, which requires regular inspection, repair, and replacement of the products, resulting in additional energy consumption and cost. During operation in challenging, extreme, or harsh environments, such as those encountered in high or low temperature, nuclear, offshore, space, and deep mining environments, the robustness and stability of materials and devices are extremely important. Over recent decades, significant effort has been invested into improving the robustness and stability of materials through either structural design, the introduction of new chemistry, or improved manufacturing processes. Inspired by natural systems, the creation of self-healing materials has the potential to overcome these challenges and provide a route to achieve dynamic repair during service. Current research on self-healing polymers remains in its infancy, and self-healing behavior under harsh and extreme conditions is a particularly untapped area of research. Here, the self-healing mechanisms and performance of materials under a variety of harsh environments are discussed. An overview of polymer-based devices developed for a range of challenging environments is provided, along with areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ekeocha
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher Ellingford
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alan M Wemyss
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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27
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Zhang J, Chen L, Shen B, Wang Y, Peng P, Tang F, Feng J. Highly transparent, self-healing, injectable and self-adhesive chitosan/polyzwitterion-based double network hydrogel for potential 3D printing wearable strain sensor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Li C, Deng X, Zhou X. Synthesis Antifreezing and Antidehydration Organohydrogels: One-Step In-Situ Gelling versus Two-Step Solvent Displacement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2670. [PMID: 33198210 PMCID: PMC7696091 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organohydrogels with distinct antifreezing and antidehydration properties have aroused great interest among researchers, and various organohydrogels and organohydrogel-based applications have emerged recently. There are two popular synthesis strategies to prepare these antifreezing and antidehydration organohydrogels: the in-situ gelling and the solvent displacement strategies. Although both strategies have been widely applied, there is a lack of comparative study of these two strategies. In this work, to elucidate the comparative advantages of the two synthesis strategies, we studied and compared the mechanical and environmental tolerant properties of the organohydrogels synthesized from both strategies. The glycerol-based and ethylene glycol-based chemical polyacrylamide (PAAm) organohydrogel and the glycerol-based physical gelatin organohydrogel were synthesized and studied. Through the comparative study, we have found that the organohydrogels from different strategies with the same dispersion medium showed similar antifreezing and antidehydration properties but different mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of these organohydrogels are influenced by two opposite factors for each strategy: the enhanced physical interactions induced strengthening and solvent effect or swelling induced weakening. We hope this study may provide a better understanding of the synthesis strategies of organohydrogels and provide a valuable guide to choose the suitable synthesis strategy for each application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaohu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.L.); (X.D.)
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29
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Yang J, Du Y, Li X, Qiao C, Jiang H, Zheng J, Lin C, Liu L. Fatigue-Resistant, Notch-Insensitive Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogels with High Self-Healing Ability. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2158-2165. [PMID: 32955799 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introducing self-healing properties into hydrogels can prolong their application lifetime. However, achieving mechanical strength without sacrificing self-healing properties is still a major challenge. We prepared a series of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels by random copolymerization of zwitterionic ionic monomer (SBMA), cationic monomer (DAC) and hydrophilic monomer (HEMA). The ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds formed in the hydrogels can efficiently dissipate energy and rebuild the network. The resulting hydrogels show high mechanical strength (289-396 KPa of fracture stress, 433-864 % of fracture stress) and have great fatigue resistance. The hydrogel with a 1 : 1 molar ratio of SBMA:DAC possesses the best self-healing properties (self-healing efficiency up to 96.5 % at room temperature for 10 h). The self-healing process is completely spontaneous and does not require external factors to assist. In addition, the hydrogel also possesses notch insensitivity with a fracture energy of 12000 J m-2 . After combining the conductivity of RGO aerogel, the hydrogel/RGO composites show good strain sensitivity with high reliability and self-healing ability, which has certain significance in broadening the application of these zwitterionic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yongxu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Congde Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Haihui Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jiyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Cunguo Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Libin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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30
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Yan Y, Huang J, Qiu X, Cui X, Xu S, Wu X, Yao P, Huang C. An ultra-stretchable glycerol-ionic hybrid hydrogel with reversible gelid adhesion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 582:187-200. [PMID: 32818713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional hydrogels have attracted enormous interest as wet adhesives for biomedical research and engineering applications. However, reversible hydrogel adhesives that can be used for gelid conditions were rarely reported. In this work, we have developed a freezing-tolerant (freezing temperature < -50 °C), ultra-stretchable (stretch strain > 30000% at 25 °C) glycerol-ionic hydrogel via the ultraviolet curing of acrylamide monomer and hyper-branched polyethylenimine polymer in CaCl2-water-glycerol solution. The fabricated hydrogel exhibited reversible gelid adhesion, rapid self-healing (recover in 3 s) and weight-retaining (>2 weeks) properties. The hydrogel allows two iron substrates to adhere together at -40 °C with the lap-shear adhesion strength as high as ~1 MPa. Such strong adhesion measured was reversible, specifically achieving ~100% of initial adhesion strength at 25 °C and ~36% at -40 °C. Additionally, decreasing the testing temperature significantly improved the tensile strength but decreased the fracture strain of the hydrogel. Interestingly, lap-shear adhesion tests suggested that the gelid adhesion strength was enhanced by 130 times as the testing temperature decreased from 25 °C to -40 °C, which was mainly attributed to the enhanced mechanical strength of the bulk hydrogel as well as the increased surface interaction at gel-substrate interfaces. More importantly, the adhesion failure gradually changed from cohesive failure to adhesive failure as the temperature decreased. This work provides new practical and fundamental insights into developing multifunctional freezing-tolerant hydrogel adhesive for gelid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggan Yan
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Beijing 102628, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shulei Xu
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Chuanzhen Huang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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31
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Liu H, Wang X, Cao Y, Yang Y, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ma Z, Wang J, Wang W, Wu D. Freezing-Tolerant, Highly Sensitive Strain and Pressure Sensors Assembled from Ionic Conductive Hydrogels with Dynamic Cross-Links. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25334-25344. [PMID: 32422039 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted intensive attention for versatile functions in flexible electronics because of their unique combination of mechanical flexibility and conductivity. However, hydrogels containing plenty of water inevitably freeze at subzero temperature, leading to invalid electronics with failed mechanical advantages and negligible conductivity. Moreover, the inferior elasticity and fatigue resistance of hydrogels result in unstable sensing performance and poor reusability of hydrogel-based electronics. Herein, a freezing-tolerant, high-sensitive, durable strain and pressure sensor was constructed from an ionic conductive chitosan-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) double-network [CS-P(AM-co-AA) DN] hydrogel with dual-dynamic cross-links (chitosan physical network and ionic coordination [CO2LFeIII]), which was feasibly fabricated by soaking the CS-P(AM-co-AA) composite hydrogel in FeCl3 solution. The ions immobilized in dynamic cross-links exerted crucial effects on improving mechanics [prominent tensile performance, supercompressibility, extraordinary elasticity, fast self-recovery capacity, and remarkable fatigue resistance (1000 cycles)]; meanwhile, the free ions in the hydrogel rendered the hydrogel excellent conductivity and strong freezing tolerance concurrently. The sensor assembled from the DN hydrogel exhibited cycling stability and good durability in detecting pressure, various deformations (elongation, compression, and bend), and human motions even at a low temperature (-20 °C). Notably, the sensitivity on detecting strain and pressure at both room and subzero temperature was superior than most of the reported organohydrogel and hydrogel sensors. Thus, we believe that this work will provide a platform for construction and application of high-sensitive strain and pressure hydrogel sensors with cycling stability and good durability in a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanxia Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yatian Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yafei Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhanshan Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wanjie Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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32
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Zhang J, Chen L, Shen B, Mo J, Tang F, Feng J. Highly stretchable and self-healing double network hydrogel based on polysaccharide and polyzwitterion for wearable electric skin. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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33
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Lim HR, Kim HS, Qazi R, Kwon YT, Jeong JW, Yeo WH. Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901924. [PMID: 31282063 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in soft materials and system integration technologies have provided a unique opportunity to design various types of wearable flexible hybrid electronics (WFHE) for advanced human healthcare and human-machine interfaces. The hybrid integration of soft and biocompatible materials with miniaturized wireless wearable systems is undoubtedly an attractive prospect in the sense that the successful device performance requires high degrees of mechanical flexibility, sensing capability, and user-friendly simplicity. Here, the most up-to-date materials, sensors, and system-packaging technologies to develop advanced WFHE are provided. Details of mechanical, electrical, physicochemical, and biocompatible properties are discussed with integrated sensor applications in healthcare, energy, and environment. In addition, limitations of the current materials are discussed, as well as key challenges and the future direction of WFHE. Collectively, an all-inclusive review of the newly developed WFHE along with a summary of imperative requirements of material properties, sensor capabilities, electronics performance, and skin integrations is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hee Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36608, USA
| | - Raza Qazi
- Department of Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Kwon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Center for Flexible and Wearable Electronics Advanced Research, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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34
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Lee J, Tan MWM, Parida K, Thangavel G, Park SA, Park T, Lee PS. Water-Processable, Stretchable, Self-Healable, Thermally Stable, and Transparent Ionic Conductors for Actuators and Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906679. [PMID: 31858638 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For emerging biocompatible, wearable, and stretchable epidermal electronic devices, it is essential to realize novel stretchable conductors with the attributes of transparency, low-cost and nontoxic components, green-solvent processbility, self-healing, and thermal stabililty. Although conducting materials-rubber composites, ionic hydrogels, organogels have been developed, no stretchable material system that meets all the outlined requirements has been reported. Here, a series of P(SPMA-r-MMA) polymers with different ratios of ionic side chains is designed and synthesized, and it is demonstrated that the resulting stretchable ionic conductors with glycerol are transparent, water processable, self-healable, and thermally stable due to the chemically linked ionic side chain, satisfying all of the aforementioned requirements. Among the series of polymer gels, the P(SPMA0.75 -r-MMA0.25 ) gel shows optimum conductivity (6.7 × 10-4 S cm-1 ), stretchability (2636% of break at elongation), and self-healing (98.3% in 3 h) properties. Accordingly, the transparent and self-healable P(SPMA0.75 -r-MMA0.25 ) gels are used to realize thermally robust actuators up to 100 °C and deformable and self-healable thermal sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew Wei Ming Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kaushik Parida
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gurunathan Thangavel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sang Ah Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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35
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Ma D, Wu X, Wang Y, Liao H, Wan P, Zhang L. Wearable, Antifreezing, and Healable Epidermal Sensor Assembled from Long-Lasting Moist Conductive Nanocomposite Organohydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41701-41709. [PMID: 31625378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible wearable soft epidermal sensors assembled from conductive hydrogels have recently attracted tremendous research attention because of their extensive and significant applications in body-attachable healthcare monitoring, ultrasensitive electronic skins, and personal healthcare diagnosis. However, traditional conductive hydrogels inevitably face the challenge of long-term usage under room temperature and cold conditions, due to the lost water, elasticity, and conductivity at room temperature, and freezing at the water icing temperatures. It severely limits the applications in flexible electronics at room temperature or cold environment. Herein, we report a flexible, wearable, antifreezing, and healable epidermal sensor assembled from an antifreezing, long-lasting moist, and conductive organohydrogel. The nanocomposite organohydrogel is prepared from the conformal coating of functionalized reduced graphene oxide network by the hydrogel polymer networks consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), phenylboronic acid grafted alginate, and polyacrylamide in the binary ethylene glycol (EG)/H2O solvent system. The obtained organohydrogel exhibits excellent temperature tolerance (-40 °C), long-lasting moisture (20 days), reliable self-healing ability, and can be assembled as wearable sensor for an accurate detection of both large and tiny human activities under extreme environment. Thus, it paves the way for the design of highly sensitive wearable epidermal sensors with reliable long-lasting moisture and excellent temperature tolerance for potential versatile applications in electronic skins, wearable healthcare monitoring, and human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wu
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Hui Liao
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
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36
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Chen H, Ren X, Gao G. Skin-Inspired Gels with Toughness, Antifreezing, Conductivity, and Remoldability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28336-28344. [PMID: 31304738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nature-inspired conductive hydrogels have become ideal materials for the design of bioactuators, healthcare monitoring sensors, and flexible wearable devices. However, conductive hydrogels are often hindered by problems such as the poor mechanical property, nonreusability, and narrow operating temperature range. Here, a novel skin-inspired gel is prepared via one step of blending polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, and glycerin. Due to their dermis-mimicking structure, the obtained gels possess high mechanical properties (fracture stress of 1044 kPa, fracture strain of 715%, Young's modulus of 157 kPa, and toughness of 3605 kJ m-3). Especially, the gels exhibit outstanding strain-sensitive electric behavior as biosensors to monitor routine movement signals of the human body. Moreover, the gels with low temperature tolerance can maintain good conductivity and flexibility at -20 °C. Interestingly, the gels are capable of being recovered and reused by heating injection, cooling molding, and freezing-thawing cycles. Thus, as bionic materials, the gels have fascinating potential applications in various fields, such as human-machine interfaces, biosensors, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuyan Ren
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
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Qin Z, Dong D, Yao M, Yu Q, Sun X, Guo Q, Zhang H, Yao F, Li J. Freezing-Tolerant Supramolecular Organohydrogel with High Toughness, Thermoplasticity, and Healable and Adhesive Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21184-21193. [PMID: 31117467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on supramolecular noncovalent interactions have attracted great research interest but are still limited by relatively low mechanical strength and performance deterioration at subzero temperatures because of the formation of ice crystallization. In this study, an antifreezing and mechanically strong gelatin supramolecular organohydrogel is prepared via a simple strategy of immersing a gelatin pre-hydrogel in the citrate (Cit) water/glycerol mixture solution. In the organohydrogel, a part of water molecules are replaced by glycerol, which inhibits the formation of ice crystallization even at extremely low temperature. In addition, the formation of noncovalent interactions such as the hydrophobic aggregation induced by the salting-out effect, ionic interactions between the -NH3+ of gelatin and Cit3- anions, and hydrogen bonding between gelatin chains and glycerol endows the organohydrogels with high mechanical strength and toughness. The supramolecular organohydrogel can maintain its mechanical flexibility even at -80 °C or be stored for a long time. Moreover, the nature of noncovalent interactions endows the organohydrogel with intriguing thermoplasticity, good healable ability, and excellent adhesive behavior at various substrate surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanglian Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China Jiaotong University , Nanchang 330013 , China
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