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Dos Santos JM, Hall D, Basumatary B, Bryden M, Chen D, Choudhary P, Comerford T, Crovini E, Danos A, De J, Diesing S, Fatahi M, Griffin M, Gupta AK, Hafeez H, Hämmerling L, Hanover E, Haug J, Heil T, Karthik D, Kumar S, Lee O, Li H, Lucas F, Mackenzie CFR, Mariko A, Matulaitis T, Millward F, Olivier Y, Qi Q, Samuel IDW, Sharma N, Si C, Spierling L, Sudhakar P, Sun D, Tankelevičiu Tė E, Duarte Tonet M, Wang J, Wang T, Wu S, Xu Y, Zhang L, Zysman-Colman E. The Golden Age of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials: Design and Exploitation. Chem Rev 2024; 124:13736-14110. [PMID: 39666979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Since the seminal report by Adachi and co-workers in 2012, there has been a veritable explosion of interest in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds, particularly as emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). With rapid advancements and innovation in materials design, the efficiencies of TADF OLEDs for each of the primary color points as well as for white devices now rival those of state-of-the-art phosphorescent emitters. Beyond electroluminescent devices, TADF compounds have also found increasing utility and applications in numerous related fields, from photocatalysis, to sensing, to imaging and beyond. Following from our previous review in 2017 ( Adv. Mater. 2017, 1605444), we here comprehensively document subsequent advances made in TADF materials design and their uses from 2017-2022. Correlations highlighted between structure and properties as well as detailed comparisons and analyses should assist future TADF materials development. The necessarily broadened breadth and scope of this review attests to the bustling activity in this field. We note that the rapidly expanding and accelerating research activity in TADF material development is indicative of a field that has reached adolescence, with an exciting maturity still yet to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marques Dos Santos
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Biju Basumatary
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Megan Bryden
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Praveen Choudhary
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Thomas Comerford
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Ettore Crovini
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Joydip De
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Stefan Diesing
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Mahni Fatahi
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Máire Griffin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Hassan Hafeez
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Lea Hämmerling
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Emily Hanover
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Janine Haug
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tabea Heil
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Durai Karthik
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Oliver Lee
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Haoyang Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Fabien Lucas
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | | | - Aminata Mariko
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Francis Millward
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Quan Qi
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Leander Spierling
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Pagidi Sudhakar
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Dianming Sun
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Eglė Tankelevičiu Tė
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Michele Duarte Tonet
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Jingxiang Wang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Sen Wu
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Yan Xu
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Le Zhang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
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Rodella F, Bagnich S, Duda E, Meier T, Kahle J, Athanasopoulos S, Köhler A, Strohriegl P. High Triplet Energy Host Materials for Blue TADF OLEDs-A Tool Box Approach. Front Chem 2020; 8:657. [PMID: 32850669 PMCID: PMC7403631 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of stable blue TADF emitters and the corresponding matrix materials is one of the biggest challenges in the development of novel OLED materials. We present six bipolar host materials based on triazine as an acceptor and two types of donors, namely, carbazole, and acridine. Using a tool box approach, the chemical structure of the materials is changed in a systematic way. Both the carbazole and acridine donor are connected to the triazine acceptor via a para- or a meta-linked phenyl ring or are linked directly to each other. The photophysics of the materials has been investigated in detail by absorption-, fluorescence-, and phosphorescence spectroscopy in solution. In addition, a number of DFT calculations have been made which result in a deeper understanding of the photophysics. The presence of a phenyl bridge between donor and acceptor cores leads to a considerable decrease of the triplet energy due to extension of the overlap electron and hole orbitals over the triazine-phenyl core of the molecule. This decrease is more pronounced for the para-phenylene than for the meta-phenylene linker. Only direct connection of the donor group to the triazine core provides a high energy of the triplet state of 2.97 eV for the carbazole derivative CTRZ and 3.07 eV for the acridine ATRZ. This is a major requirement for the use of the materials as a host for blue TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rodella
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sergey Bagnich
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eimantas Duda
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Meier
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julian Kahle
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Anna Köhler
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter Strohriegl
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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5
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Mitra M, Mahapatra M, Dutta A, Chattopadhyay PK, Deb M, Deb Roy JS, Roy C, Banerjee S, Singha NR. Light-Emitting Multifunctional Maleic Acid- co-2-( N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamido)succinic Acid- co- N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide for Fe(III) Sensing, Removal, and Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3333-3345. [PMID: 32118148 PMCID: PMC7045568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsically fluorescent highly hydrophilic multifunctional aliphatic terpolymer, maleic acid (MA)-co-2-(N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamido)succinic acid (NHASA)-co-N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NHMA), that is, 1, was designed and synthesized via C-C/N-C-coupled in situ allocation of a fluorophore monomer, that is, NHASA, composed of amido and carboxylic acid functionalities in the polymerization of two nonemissive MA and NHMA. The scalable and reusable intrinsically fluorescent biocompatible 1 was suitable for sensing and high-performance adsorptive exclusion of Fe(III), along with the imaging of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The structure of 1, in situ fluorophore monomer, aggregation-induced enhanced emission, cell-imaging ability, and superadsorption mechanism were studied via microstructural analyses using 1H/13C NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, solid-state fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime, and fluorescence imaging, along with measuring kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters. The location, electronic structures, and geometries of the fluorophore and absorption and emission properties of 1 were investigated using density functional theory and natural transition orbital analyses. The limit of detection and the maximum adsorption capacity were 2.45 × 10-7 M and 542.81 mg g-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhushree Mitra
- Department
of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Mahapatra
- Advanced
Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology,
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West
Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Advanced
Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology,
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West
Bengal, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
- Department
of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Deb
- Advanced
Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology,
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West
Bengal, India
| | - Joy Sankar Deb Roy
- Advanced
Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology,
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West
Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Roy
- Department
of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
- Advanced
Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology,
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West
Bengal, India
| | - Snehasis Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology
(Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Nayan Ranjan Singha
- Advanced
Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology,
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West
Bengal, India
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