1
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Sanz Matias A, Roncoroni F, Sundararaman S, Prendergast D. Ca-dimers, solvent layering, and dominant electrochemically active species in Ca(BH 4) 2 in THF. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1397. [PMID: 38360965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Divalent ions (Mg, Ca, and Zn) are being considered as competitive, safe, and earth-abundant alternatives to Li-ion electrochemistry, but present challenges for stable cycling due to undesirable interfacial phenomena. We explore the formation of electroactive species in the electrolyte Ca(BH4)2∣THF using molecular dynamics coupled with a continuum model of bulk and interfacial speciation. Free-energy analysis and unsupervised learning indicate a majority population of neutral Ca dimers and monomers with diverse molecular conformations and an order of magnitude lower concentration of the primary electroactive charged species - the monocation, CaBH[Formula: see text] - produced via disproportionation of neutral complexes. Dense layering of THF molecules within ~1 nm of the electrode surface strongly modulates local electrolyte species populations. A dramatic increase in monocation population in this interfacial zone is induced at negative bias. We see no evidence for electrochemical activity of fully-solvated Ca2+. The consequences for performance are discussed in light of this molecular-scale insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanz Matias
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fabrice Roncoroni
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Siddharth Sundararaman
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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2
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Mistry A, Johnson ID, Cabana J, Ingram BJ, Srinivasan V. How machine learning can extend electroanalytical measurements beyond analytical interpretation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2153-2167. [PMID: 38131627 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Electroanalytical measurements are routinely used to estimate material properties exhibiting current and voltage signatures. Analysis of such measurements relies on analytical expressions of material properties to describe the experiments. The need for analytical expressions limits the experiments that can be used to measure properties as well as the properties that can be estimated from a given experiment. Such analytical relations are essentially solutions of the physics-based differential equations (with properties as coefficients) describing the material behavior under certain specific conditions. In recent years, a new machine learning-based approach has been gaining popularity wherein the differential equations are numerically solved to interpret the electroanalytical experiments in terms of corresponding material properties. Since the physics-based differential equations are solved, one can additionally estimate underlying fields, e.g., concentration profile, using such an approach. To exemplify the characteristics of such a machine learning assisted interpretation of electroanalytical measurements, we use data from the Hebb-Wagner test on a magnesium spinel intercalation host. As compared to the traditional analytical expression-based interpretation, the emerging approach decreases experimental efforts to characterize relevant material properties as well as provides field information that was previously inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Mistry
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ian D Johnson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Brian J Ingram
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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3
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Fu X, Niemann VA, Zhou Y, Li S, Zhang K, Pedersen JB, Saccoccio M, Andersen SZ, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Benedek P, Xu A, Deissler NH, Mygind JBV, Nielander AC, Kibsgaard J, Vesborg PCK, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF, Chorkendorff I. Calcium-mediated nitrogen reduction for electrochemical ammonia synthesis. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:101-107. [PMID: 37884670 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a key commodity chemical for the agricultural, textile and pharmaceutical industries, but its production via the Haber-Bosch process is carbon-intensive and centralized. Alternatively, an electrochemical method could enable decentralized, ambient NH3 production that can be paired with renewable energy. The first verified electrochemical method for NH3 synthesis was a process mediated by lithium (Li) in organic electrolytes. So far, however, elements other than Li remain unexplored in this process for potential benefits in efficiency, reaction rates, device design, abundance and stability. In our demonstration of a Li-free system, we found that calcium can mediate the reduction of nitrogen for NH3 synthesis. We verified the calcium-mediated process using a rigorous protocol and achieved an NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 40 ± 2% using calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate (Ca[B(hfip)4]2) as the electrolyte. Our results offer the possibility of using abundant materials for the electrochemical production of NH3, a critical chemical precursor and promising energy vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbiao Fu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valerie A Niemann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shaofeng Li
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mattia Saccoccio
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Z Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Benedek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Aoni Xu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niklas H Deissler
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Adam C Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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4
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Pavčnik T, Forero-Saboya JD, Ponrouch A, Robba A, Dominko R, Bitenc J. A novel calcium fluorinated alkoxyaluminate salt as a next step towards Ca metal anode rechargeable batteries. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:14738-14747. [PMID: 37441279 PMCID: PMC10335333 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta02084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ca metal anode rechargeable batteries are seen as a sustainable high-energy density and high-voltage alternative to the current Li-ion battery technology due to the low redox potential of Ca metal and abundance of Ca. Electrolytes are key enablers on the path towards next-generation battery systems. Within this work, we synthesize a new calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy) aluminate salt, Ca[Al(hfip)4]2, and benchmark it versus the state-of-the-art boron analogue Ca[B(hfip)4]2. The newly developed aluminate-based electrolyte exhibits improved performance in terms of conductivity, Ca plating/stripping efficiency, and oxidative stability as well as Ca battery cell performance. A marked improvement of 0.5 V higher oxidative stability can pave the path towards high-voltage Ca batteries. A critical issue of solvent quality during salt synthesis is identified as well as solvent decomposition at the Ca metal/electrolyte interface, which leads to passivation of the Ca metal anode. However, the new aluminate salt with preferable electrochemical properties over the existing boron analogue opens up a new area for future Ca battery research based on aluminium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Pavčnik
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna Pot 113 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Juan D Forero-Saboya
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Alexandre Ponrouch
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
- Alistore-European Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de L'énergie Rue Baudelocque Amiens 80039 France
| | - Ana Robba
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna Pot 113 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Robert Dominko
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna Pot 113 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Alistore-European Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de L'énergie Rue Baudelocque Amiens 80039 France
| | - Jan Bitenc
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna Pot 113 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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5
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Yang F, Feng X, Zhuo Z, Vallez L, Liu YS, McClary SA, Hahn NT, Glans PA, Zavadil KR, Guo J. Ca2+ Solvation and Electrochemical Solid/Electrolyte Interphase Formation Toward the Multivalent-Ion Batteries. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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6
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Melemed AM, Skiba DA, Gallant BM. Toggling Calcium Plating Activity and Reversibility through Modulation of Ca 2+ Speciation in Borohydride-based Electrolytes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:892-902. [PMID: 35096216 PMCID: PMC8792997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Learning how to tailor Ca2+ speciation and electroactivity is of central importance to engineer next-generation battery electrolytes. Using an exemplar dual-salt electrolyte, Ca(BH4)2 + Ca(TFSI)2 in THF, this work examines how to modulate a critical parameter proposed to govern electroactivity, the BH4 -/Ca2+ ratio. Introduction of a more-dissociating source of Ca2+ via Ca(TFSI)2 drives re-speciation of strongly ion-paired Ca(BH4)2, confirmed by ionic conductivity, Raman spectroscopy, and reaction microcalorimetry measurements, generating larger populations of charged species and enhancing plating currents. Ca plating is possible when [Ca(TFSI)2] < [Ca(BH4)2] and thus BH4 -/Ca2+ >1, but a dramatic shut-down of plating activity occurs when [Ca(TFSI)2] > [Ca(BH4)2] (BH4 -/Ca2+ <1), directly evidencing the significance of coordination-shell chemistry on plating activity. Ca(BH4)2 + TBABH4 in THF, which enables enrichment of BH4 - concentrations compared to Ca2+, is also examined; ionic conductivity and plating currents also increase compared to Ca(BH4)2/THF, with the latter related in part to a decrease in solution resistance. These findings delineate future directions to modulate Ca2+ coordination towards achieving both high plating activity and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Melemed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dhyllan A. Skiba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Betar M. Gallant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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7
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Wei Q, Zhang L, Sun X, Liu TL. Progress and Prospects of Electrolyte Chemistry of Calcium Batteries. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5797-5812. [PMID: 35685805 PMCID: PMC9132056 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing energy storage demand of portable devices, electric vehicles, and scalable energy storage has been driving extensive research for more affordable, more energy dense battery technologies than Li ion batteries. The alkaline earth metal, calcium (Ca), has been considered an attractive anode material to develop the next generation of rechargeable batteries. Herein, the chemical designs, electrochemical performance, and solution and interfacial chemistry of Ca2+ electrolytes are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. In addition, a few recommendations are presented to guide the development and evaluation of Ca2+ electrolytes in future. Chemical designs, electrochemical performance, and solution and interfacial chemistry of calcium battery electrolytes are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianshun Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China
| | - T Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT USA
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8
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Wang H, Ryu J, Shao Y, Murugesan V, Persson K, Zavadil K, Mueller KT, Liu J. Advancing Electrolyte Solution Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry of Divalent Metal Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Jaegeon Ryu
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Kristin Persson
- Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Kevin Zavadil
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Karl T. Mueller
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
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9
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Geysens P, Lin PC, Fransaer J, Binnemans K. Electrodeposition of neodymium and dysprosium from organic electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9070-9079. [PMID: 33885082 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06606k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new class of organic electrolytes has been developed for the electrodeposition of rare-earth metals at room temperature. These electrolytes consist of a rare-earth bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or chloride salt and a borohydride salt, dissolved in the ether solvents 1,2-dimethoxyethane or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. In these electrolytes, a soluble lanthanide(iii) borohydride complex [Ln(BH4)4]- is formed, which allows for the electrodeposition of neodymium- or dysprosium-containing layers. The electrochemistry of these electrolytes was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results suggest the presence of metallic neodymium and dysprosium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Geysens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Hahn NT, Self J, Han KS, Murugesan V, Mueller KT, Persson KA, Zavadil KR. Quantifying Species Populations in Multivalent Borohydride Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3644-3652. [PMID: 33797900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent batteries represent an important beyond Li-ion energy storage concept. The prospect of calcium batteries, in particular, has emerged recently due to novel electrolyte demonstrations, especially that of a ground-breaking combination of the borohydride salt Ca(BH4)2 dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. Recent analysis of magnesium and calcium versions of this electrolyte led to the identification of divergent speciation pathways for Mg2+ and Ca2+ despite identical anions and solvents, owing to differences in cation size and attendant flexibility of coordination. To test these proposed speciation equilibria and develop a more quantitative understanding thereof, we have applied pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy to study these electrolytes. Concentration-dependent variation in anion diffusivities and solution dipole relaxations, interpreted with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations, confirms these divergent Mg2+ and Ca2+ speciation pathways. These results provide a more quantitative description of the electroactive species populations. We find that these species are present in relatively small quantities, even in the highly active Ca(BH4)2/tetrahydrofuran electrolyte. This finding helps interpret previous characterizations of metal deposition efficiency and morphology control and thus provides important fundamental insight into the dynamic properties of multivalent electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Julian Self
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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11
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Naskar P, Kundu D, Maiti A, Chakraborty P, Biswas B, Banerjee A. Frontiers in Hybrid Ion Capacitors: A Review on Advanced Materials and Emerging Devices. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pappu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Debojyoti Kundu
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Apurba Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Biplab Biswas
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Anjan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
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12
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Ji B, He H, Yao W, Tang Y. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Calcium-Ion Storage: Key Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005501. [PMID: 33251702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The urgent demand for cost-effective energy storage devices for large-scale applications has led to the development of several beyond-lithium energy storage systems (EESs). Among them, calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) are attractive due to abundant calcium resources, excellent volumetric and gravimetric capacities of Ca metal anode, and potential high energy density coming from the multivalent feature of Ca-ion. Therefore, the exploration of CIBs electrode materials and the construction of CIBs devices are gaining increasing research interest. Relevant publications cover a wide range of materials by both theoretical and experimental investigations, whereas the performances of rocking-chair CIBs have been unsatisfactory. Meanwhile, multi-ion strategies using more than one ion as the charge carrier have been demonstrated to be feasible and promising options in realizing room temperature CIBs. The summary and reflection of previous studies would provide useful information for future exploration and optimization. In this circumstance, this paper overviews the reported CIBs electrode materials, including both anode and cathode, and presents the latest progress of multi-ion strategies in CIBs. Fundamental challenges, potential solutions, and opportunities are accordingly proposed, mimicking other more mature EESs. This review may promote the development of electrode materials and accelerate the construction of low-cost and high-performance CIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifa Ji
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenjiao Yao
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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13
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Song H, Su J, Wang C. Hybrid Solid Electrolyte Interphases Enabled Ultralong Life Ca-Metal Batteries Working at Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006141. [PMID: 33215793 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the application of calcium metal anodes is challenged by rapidly degenerated plating/stripping electrochemistry without suitable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) capable of fast Ca2+ transport kinetics and superior ability to resist anion oxidation. Here, through in situ evolved Na/Ca hybrid SEIs, symmetrical Ca//Ca batteries readily remain stable for more than 1000 h deposition-dissolution cycles (versus less than 60 h for those with pure Ca SEIs under the same condition). Coupled with a specially designed freestanding lattice-expanded graphitic carbon fiber membrane and tailored operation voltages, the proof-of-concept Ca-metal batteries reversibly run for almost 1900 cycles with ≈83% capacity retention and a high average discharge voltage of 3.16 V. The good performance not only benefits from the stable SEIs at the Ca metal surface which affords free Ca2+ transports and prohibits out-of-control fluridation of Ca (forming CaF2 ion-/electron-insulating layer) but is also attributed to reversible relay insertion/extraction electrochemistry in the cathode. This work sheds new light on durable metal battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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14
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Tian Y, Zeng G, Rutt A, Shi T, Kim H, Wang J, Koettgen J, Sun Y, Ouyang B, Chen T, Lun Z, Rong Z, Persson K, Ceder G. Promises and Challenges of Next-Generation "Beyond Li-ion" Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Grid Decarbonization. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1623-1669. [PMID: 33356176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous improvement in performance and cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have made them the technology of choice for electrical energy storage. While established battery chemistries and cell architectures for Li-ion batteries achieve good power and energy density, LIBs are unlikely to meet all the performance, cost, and scaling targets required for energy storage, in particular, in large-scale applications such as electrified transportation and grids. The demand to further reduce cost and/or increase energy density, as well as the growing concern related to natural resource needs for Li-ion have accelerated the investigation of so-called "beyond Li-ion" technologies. In this review, we will discuss the recent achievements, challenges, and opportunities of four important "beyond Li-ion" technologies: Na-ion batteries, K-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries, and multivalent batteries. The fundamental science behind the challenges, and potential solutions toward the goals of a low-cost and/or high-energy-density future, are discussed in detail for each technology. While it is unlikely that any given new technology will fully replace Li-ion in the near future, "beyond Li-ion" technologies should be thought of as opportunities for energy storage to grow into mid/large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guobo Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ann Rutt
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tan Shi
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haegyeom Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julius Koettgen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tina Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhengyan Lun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziqin Rong
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Chotkowski M, Połomski D, Czerwinski K. Potential Application of Ionic Liquids for Electrodeposition of the Material Targets for Production of Diagnostic Radioisotopes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5069. [PMID: 33182812 PMCID: PMC7697952 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the reported electrochemistry studies on the chemistry of the element for targets for isotope production in ionic liquids (ILs) is provided. The majority of investigations have been dedicated to two aspects of the reactive element chemistry. The first part of this review presents description of the cyclotron targets properties, especially physicochemical characterization of irradiated elements. The second part is devoted to description of the electrodeposition procedures leading to obtain elements or their alloys coatings (e.g., nickel, uranium) as the targets for cyclotron and reactor generation of the radioisotopes. This review provides an evaluation of the role ILs can have in the production of isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Połomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Melemed AM, Gallant BM. Electrochemical Signatures of Interface-Dominated Behavior in the Testing of Calcium Foil Anodes. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 167:140543. [PMID: 35095110 PMCID: PMC8793006 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/abc725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental research and practical assembly of rechargeable calcium (Ca) batteries will benefit from an ability to use Ca foil anodes. Given that Ca electrochemistry is considered a surface-film-controlled process, understanding the interface's role is paramount. This study examines electrochemical signatures of several Ca interfaces in a benchmark electrolyte, Ca(BH4)2/tetrahydrofuran (THF). Preparation methodologies of Ca foils are presented, along with Ca plating/stripping through either pre-existing, native calcium hydride (CaH2), or pre-formed calcium fluoride (CaF2) interfaces. In contrast to earlier work examining Ca foil in other electrolytes, Ca foils are accessible for reversible electrochemistry in Ca(BH4)2/THF. However, the first cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycle reflects persistent, history-dependent behavior from prior handling, which manifests as characteristic interface-derived features. This behavior diminishes as Ca is cycled, though formation of a native interface can return the CV to interface-dominated behavior. CaF2 modification enhances such interface-dominance; however, continued cycling suppresses such features, collectively indicating the dynamic nature of certain Ca interfaces. Cell configuration is also found to significantly influence electrochemistry. With appropriate preparation of Ca foils, the signature of interface-dominated behavior is still present during the first cycle in coin cells, but higher current density compared to three-electrode cells along with moderate cycle life are readily achievable.
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17
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Yang R, Zhang F, Lei X, Zheng Y, Zhao G, Tang Y, Lee CS. Pseudocapacitive Ti-Doped Niobium Pentoxide Nanoflake Structure Design for a Fast Kinetics Anode toward a High-Performance Mg-Ion-Based Dual-Ion Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47539-47547. [PMID: 32986396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) have received increasing attention for next-generation energy storage recently because of the natural abundance, high capacity, and dendrite-free deposition of Mg. However, their applications are hindered by irreversible Mg anode plating in conventional electrolytes and the lack of cathode materials, demonstrating high working voltage, satisfactory Mg2+ diffusivity, and long cycling life. In this work, we first developed a novel magnesium-ion based dual-ion battery (Mg-DIB) by utilizing expanded graphite as the cathode and Ti-doped niobium pentoxide nanoflakes (Ti-Nb2O5 NFs) as the anode. The Ti-Nb2O5 NFs showed hierarchical structures of microspheres with diameters of 4-5 μm assembled by nanoflakes. For the first time, the Mg-ion storage mechanism in Ti-Nb2O5 NFs was investigated. Benefiting from the hierarchical structure design and pseudocapacitive intercalation behavior of Mg ions, the Ti-Nb2O5 NF anode exhibited fast Mg-ion diffusion. Consequently, the Mg-DIB exhibited a high discharge capacity of 93 mA h g-1 at 1 C (1 C corresponding to 100 mA g-1), along with good long-term cycling performance with a capacity retention of 79% at 3 C after 500 cycles. The Mg-DIB also demonstrated a capacity retention of 77% at 5C, indicating its good rate performance. Moreover, the Mg-DIB exhibited a high discharge medium voltage of ∼1.83 V, thus enabling a high energy density of 174 W h kg-1 at 183 W kg-1 and 122 W h kg-1 at a high power density of 845 W kg-1, among the best of the reported magnesium-ion full batteries. Our work provides a new strategy to improve the performance of MIBs and other rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Film (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Lei
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongping Zheng
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Chery Commercial Vehicle (Anhui) Company Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Film (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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18
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Melemed AM, Khurram A, Gallant BM. Current Understanding of Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Calcium-Based Batteries. BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS 2020; 3:570-580. [PMID: 33688622 PMCID: PMC7939050 DOI: 10.1002/batt.201900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcium metal batteries are receiving growing research attention due to significant breakthroughs in recent years that have indicated reversible Ca plating/stripping with attractive Coulombic efficiencies (90-95%), once thought to be out of reach. While the Ca anode is often described as being surface film-controlled, the ability to access reversible Ca electrochemistry is highly electrolyte-dependent in general, which affects both interfacial chemistry on plated Ca along with more fundamental Ca2+/Ca redox properties. This mini-review describes recent progress towards a reversible Ca anode from the point of view of the most successful electrolyte chemistries identified to date. This includes, centrally, what is currently known about the Ca2+ solvation environment in these systems. Experimental (physico-chemical and spectroscopy) and computational results are summarized for the two major solvent classes - carbonates and ethers - that have yielded promising results so far. Current knowledge gaps and opportunities to improve fundamental understanding of Ca2+/Ca redox are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Melemed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aliza Khurram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Betar M. Gallant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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19
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Zhang R, Esposito AM, Thornburg ES, Chen X, Zhang X, Philip MA, Magana A, Gewirth AA. Conversion of Co Nanoparticles to CoS in Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Porous Carbon during Cycling Facilitates Na 2S Reactivity in a Na-S Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29285-29295. [PMID: 32490653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries have attracted wide interest due to their high energy density and high natural abundance. Polysulfide dissolution and irreversible Na2S conversion are challenges to achieving high battery performance. Herein, we utilize a metal-organic framework-derived Co-containing nitrogen-doped porous carbon (CoNC) as a catalytic sulfur cathode host. A concentrated sodium electrolyte based on sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, dimethoxyethane, and bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether is used to mitigate polysulfide dissolution. We tune the amount of Co present in the CoNC carbon host by acid washing. Significant improvement in reversible sulfur conversion and capacity retention is observed with a higher Co content in CoNC, with 600 mAh g-1 and 77% capacity retention for CoNC and 261 mAh g-1 and 56% capacity retention for acid-washed CoNC at cycle 50 at 80 mAh g-1. Post-mortem X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction suggest that CoS is formed during cycling in place of Co nanoparticles and CoN4 sites. Raman spectroscopy suggests that CoS exhibits a catalytic effect on the oxidation of Na2S. Our findings provide insights into understanding the role Co-based catalysts play in sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Anne Marie Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Eric S Thornburg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Maria A Philip
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexis Magana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew A Gewirth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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20
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Energy storage emerging: A perspective from the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12550-12557. [PMID: 32513683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821672117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy storage is an integral part of modern society. A contemporary example is the lithium (Li)-ion battery, which enabled the launch of the personal electronics revolution in 1991 and the first commercial electric vehicles in 2010. Most recently, Li-ion batteries have expanded into the electricity grid to firm variable renewable generation, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of transmission and distribution. Important applications continue to emerge including decarbonization of heavy-duty vehicles, rail, maritime shipping, and aviation and the growth of renewable electricity and storage on the grid. This perspective compares energy storage needs and priorities in 2010 with those now and those emerging over the next few decades. The diversity of demands for energy storage requires a diversity of purpose-built batteries designed to meet disparate applications. Advances in the frontier of battery research to achieve transformative performance spanning energy and power density, capacity, charge/discharge times, cost, lifetime, and safety are highlighted, along with strategic research refinements made by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) and the broader community to accommodate the changing storage needs and priorities. Innovative experimental tools with higher spatial and temporal resolution, in situ and operando characterization, first-principles simulation, high throughput computation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence work collectively to reveal the origins of the electrochemical phenomena that enable new means of energy storage. This knowledge allows a constructionist approach to materials, chemistries, and architectures, where each atom or molecule plays a prescribed role in realizing batteries with unique performance profiles suitable for emergent demands.
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21
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Abstract
Calcium batteries are a potentially sustainable, high-energy-density battery technology beyond Li ion batteries. Now the development of Ca batteries has become possible with a newly invented Ca electrolyte capable of reversible Ca deposition/stripping at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V Nielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84321, USA
| | - T Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84321, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V. Nielson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84321 USA
| | - T. Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84321 USA
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23
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Dugas R, Forero-Saboya JD, Ponrouch A. Methods and Protocols for Reliable Electrochemical Testing in Post-Li Batteries (Na, K, Mg, and Ca). CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:8613-8628. [PMID: 31736535 PMCID: PMC6854841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
While less mature than the Li-ion battery, technologies based on Na, K, Mg, and Ca are attracting more and more attention from the battery community. New material (cathode, anode, or electrolyte) testing for these post-Li systems commonly involves the use of an electrochemical setup called a half-cell in which metal counter and reference electrodes are used. Here we first describe the different issues that become critical when moving away from Li with respect to the cell hardware (cell design, current collector, separator, insulator) and the nature of the counter and reference electrodes. Workarounds are given, and a versatile setup is proposed to run reliable electrochemical tests for post-Li battery materials in general, in a broad range of electrolyte compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Dugas
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan D. Forero-Saboya
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexandre Ponrouch
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- ALISTORE
− European Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104,
Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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24
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Arroyo-de Dompablo ME, Ponrouch A, Johansson P, Palacín MR. Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects of Calcium Batteries. Chem Rev 2019; 120:6331-6357. [PMID: 31661250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This Review flows from past attempts to develop a (rechargeable) battery technology based on Ca via crucial breakthroughs to arrive at a comprehensive discussion of the current challenges at hand. The realization of a rechargeable Ca battery technology primarily requires identification and development of suitable electrodes and electrolytes, which is why we here cover the progress starting from the fundamental electrode/electrolyte requirements, concepts, materials, and compositions employed and finally a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art, allowing us to conclude with the particular roadblocks still existing. As for crucial breakthroughs, reversible plating and stripping of calcium at the metal-anode interface was achieved only recently and for very specific electrolyte formulations. Therefore, while much of the current research aims at finding suitable cathodes to achieve proof-of-concept for a full Ca battery, the spectrum of electrolytes researched is also expanded. Compatibility of cell components is essential, and to ensure this, proper characterization is needed, which requires design of a multitude of reliable experimental setups and sometimes methodology development beyond that of other next generation battery technologies. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for future strategies to make best use of the current advances in materials science combined with computational design, electrochemistry, and battery engineering, all to propel the Ca battery technology to reality and ultimately reach its full potential for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Arroyo-de Dompablo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Ponrouch
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,ALISTORE-European Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l'Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Patrik Johansson
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l'Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France.,Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Rosa Palacín
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,ALISTORE-European Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l'Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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