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Wu H, Wu W, Xie L, Gao C, Zhang E, Zhang J, He P, Zhang J. A Uniform Solid Electrolyte Interface Enabling Long Cycling in Sodium-Metal Batteries with Fast Charging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:18286-18295. [PMID: 40068931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c20993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
The high reactivity of sodium leads to significant safety challenges, while the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) further complicates its use in sodium-metal batteries (SMBs), collectively impeding their path to commercialization. A deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) is introduced, which addresses these challenges by balancing high ionic conductivity with stable SEI formation. The introduction of N-methylacetamide enhances the nonflammability of the solvent and adjusts the SEI composition. The DEE accelerates the interfacial kinetics and promotes the formation of a uniform, inorganic-rich SEI with Na2S and NaF on the sodium anode. It also extends the electrochemical stability window to 4.8 V. Additionally, the DEE exhibits high ionic conductivity, enabling fast charging of the SMBs. In a Na3V2(PO4)3||Na cell, the electrolyte achieved a capacity retention of 96% after 1,500 cycles at a current density of 5 C. These findings offer important insights for advancing the commercialization of SMBs with enhanced safety features and superior electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wanbao Wu
- Changzhou Qianmu New Energy Co. Ltd., Changzhou 21300, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chaochao Gao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Erlei Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jichuan Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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Hu SL, Li YM, Hu WJ, Hobson J, Wang DY. Strategic design unsaturated polyester resins composites with excellent flame retardancy and high tensile strength. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Yusuf A, Li Z, Yuan X, Wang DY. Toward a New Generation of Fire-Safe Energy Storage Devices: Recent Progress on Fire-Retardant Materials and Strategies for Energy Storage Devices. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101428. [PMID: 35119211 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of advanced materials for energy storage devices. These achievements have largely enabled the adoption and transition to key technologies such as mobile phones, electric vehicles, and internet of things. However, the recent surge in fire accidents and explosions emanating from energy storage devices have been closely associated with the highly flammable components that make up these devices which have often led to the loss of life and property. Therefore, replacing flammable materials with fire retardant materials has been recognized as the critical solution to the ever-growing fire problem in these devices. This review summarizes the progress achieved so far in the field of fire retardant materials for energy storage devices. Finally, a perspective on the current state of the art is provided, and a future outlook for these fire-retardant materials, strategies, and new characterization methods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik Yusuf
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Xiaoya Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain
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Chu F, Qiu S, Zhang S, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Luo X, Jiang X, Song L, Hu W, Hu Y. Exploration on structural rules of highly efficient flame retardant unsaturated polyester resins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:142-157. [PMID: 34624762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the lack of research on structure-activity relationship and interaction mechanism between unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) and flame retardants, it has been a big challenge to prepare high-efficiency flame retardants for UPR in industry. In this research, to explore structural rules of high-efficiency flame retardants, several polymeric flame retardants were synthesized with varied main-chain, side-chain, phosphorus valence states and contents of flame retardant elements. The thermal stabilities of flame retardants and UPR composites were firstly assessed. It has been found the interaction existed between flame retardants and UPR, through transesterification reaction and β scission pathway in polyester and polystyrene chains. With only 15 wt% of PCH3-S, UPR composites can reach V0 rating in UL-94. The PHRR and THR values can be maximumly decreased by 71.66 % and 77.67 %, with 20 wt% of PB-S. It has been found flame retardants with sulfone group and + 3 valence state of phosphorus in molecular backbone can release SO2 and phosphorus containing compounds in gaseous phase, which diluted fuel fragments and catalyzed H⋅ and HO⋅ radical removal. The mechanism for improved flame retardancy of UPR composites with various polymeric flame retardants were discussed in detail. Some general rules for highly efficient flame retardant UPR can be summarized: First, gaseous phase flame retardant mechanism plays the major role in improvement of flame retardant performance of UPR composites; Second, the combination of + 3 valence state of phosphorus structures, higher phosphorus contents and sulfone groups effectively improves the flame retardant efficiency of flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Shenghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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Chen P, Wu Z, Guo T, Zhou Y, Liu M, Xia X, Sun J, Lu L, Ouyang X, Wang X, Fu Y, Zhu J. Strong Chemical Interaction between Lithium Polysulfides and Flame-Retardant Polyphosphazene for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Safety and Electrochemical Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007549. [PMID: 33506541 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and potential safety hazard caused by the burning of flammable organic electrolytes, sulfur cathode, and lithium anode seriously limit the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Here, a flame-retardant polyphosphazene (PPZ) covalently modified holey graphene/carbonized cellulose paper is reported as a multifunctional interlayer in Li-S batteries. During the discharge/charge process, once the LiPS are generated, the as-obtained flame-retardant interlayer traps them immediately through the nucleophilic substitution reaction between PPZ and LiPS, effectively inhibiting the shuttling effect of LiPS to enhance the cycle stability of Li-S batteries. Meanwhile, this strong chemical interaction increases the diffusion coefficient for lithium ions, accelerating the lithiation reaction with complete inversion. Moreover, the as-obtained interlayer can be used as a fresh 3D current collector to establish a flame-retardant "vice-electrode," which can trap dissolved sulfur and absorb a large amount of electrolyte, prominently bringing down the flammability of the sulfur cathode and electrolyte to improve the safety of Li-S batteries. This work provides a viable strategy for using PPZ-based materials as strong chemical scavengers for LiPS and a flame-retardant interlayer toward next-generation Li-S batteries with enhanced safety and electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xifeng Xia
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lude Lu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Fu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Junwu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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Feng Y, Wang G, Kang W, Deng N, Cheng B. Taming polysulfides and facilitating lithium-ion migration: Novel electrospinning MOFs@PVDF-based composite separator with spiderweb-like structure for Li-S batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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