1
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Zhou H, Wei Z, Nyaaba AA, Kang Z, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhu J, Ji X, Zhu G. Ligand leaching enabling improved electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37448344 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of cost-effective (pre-)catalysts are important for water splitting and metal-air batteries. In this direction, various metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated as pre-catalysts for oxygen evolution. However, the activation process and the complex reconstruction behaviour of these MOFs are not well understood. Herein, square-like MOF nanosheets in which carbon nanotubes were embedded were prepared by introducing an amine ligand to coordinate with Ni ions and then reacting with [Fe(CN)6]3-. The formed MOF nanosheets containing nickel and iron species were then activated by NaBH4, inducing the leaching of ligands and the formation of tiny active species in situ loaded on carbon nanotubes. The prepared catalyst shows superior oxygen evolution performance with an ultralow overpotential of 231 mV for 10 mA cm-2, a fast reaction kinetics with a small Tafel slope of 52.3 mV dec-1, and outstanding catalysis stability. The excellent electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution can be attributed to the structural advantage of in situ derived small sized active species and one-dimensional conductive networks. This work provides a new thought for the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance of MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Zi Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Albert Akeno Nyaaba
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Ziliang Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Yashu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Caiyao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Xiafang Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Guoxing Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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2
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Vasile R, Godoy AA, Puente Orench I, Nemes NM, de la Peña O’Shea VA, Gutiérrez-Puebla E, Martínez JL, Monge MÁ, Gándara F. Influence of the Synthesis and Crystallization Processes on the Cation Distribution in a Series of Multivariate Rare-Earth Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Magnetic Characterization. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:7029-7041. [PMID: 35965890 PMCID: PMC9367679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of multiple metal atoms in multivariate metal-organic frameworks is typically carried out through a one-pot synthesis procedure that involves the simultaneous reaction of the selected elements with the organic linkers. In order to attain control over the distribution of the elements and to be able to produce materials with controllable metal combinations, it is required to understand the synthetic and crystallization processes. In this work, we have completed a study with the RPF-4 MOF family, which is made of various rare-earth elements, to investigate and determine how the different initial combinations of metal cations result in different atomic distributions in the obtained materials. Thus, we have found that for equimolar combinations involving lanthanum and another rare-earth element, such as ytterbium, gadolinium, or dysprosium, a compositional segregation takes place in the products, resulting in crystals with different compositions. On the contrary, binary combinations of ytterbium, gadolinium, erbium, and dysprosium result in homogeneous distributions. This dissimilar behavior is ascribed to differences in the crystallization pathways through which the MOF is formed. Along with the synthetic and crystallization study and considering the structural features of this MOF family, we also disclose here a comprehensive characterization of the magnetic properties of the compounds and the heat capacity behavior under different external magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca
Loredana Vasile
- Materials
Science Institute of Madrid—Spanish National Research Council
(ICMM-CSIC), Calle Sor
Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Alejandro Godoy
- Instituto
de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-CONICET),
Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Alte. Brown 1450, D5700HGC San Luis, Argentina
| | - Inés Puente Orench
- Institut
Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue
des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA-CSIC), Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Norbert M. Nemes
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Facultad Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor A. de la Peña O’Shea
- Photoactivated
Processes Unit IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles Technology Park, Avenida Ramón
de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, Madrid 28935, Spain
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Puebla
- Materials
Science Institute of Madrid—Spanish National Research Council
(ICMM-CSIC), Calle Sor
Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Martínez
- Materials
Science Institute of Madrid—Spanish National Research Council
(ICMM-CSIC), Calle Sor
Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Monge
- Materials
Science Institute of Madrid—Spanish National Research Council
(ICMM-CSIC), Calle Sor
Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Gándara
- Materials
Science Institute of Madrid—Spanish National Research Council
(ICMM-CSIC), Calle Sor
Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Shao K, Wang JX, Pei J, Liu D, Li B. Engineering Anion‐Pillared Metal–Organic Frameworks for Record Acetylene/Methane Separation. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiyan Pei
- Zhejiang University Material Science and Engineering Hangzhou 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
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4
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Zhou X, Li Y, Li X, Du S, Yang Y, Xiong K, Xie Y, Shi X, Gai Y. A Multifunctional Coordination Polymer Constructed by Viologen Derivatives: Photochromism, Chemochromism, and MnO 4– Sensing. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11687-11694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yanger Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, P. R. China
| | - Kecai Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Gai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
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5
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Feng M, Zhou P, Wang J, Wang X, Wang D, Li C. Two Solvent-Induced In(III)-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with Controllable Topology Performing High-Efficiency Separation of C 2H 2/CH 4 and CO 2/CH 4. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11057-11065. [PMID: 35816327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For pure acetylene manufacturing and natural gas purification, the development of porous materials displaying highly selective C2H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separation is greatly important but remains a major challenge. In this work, a plausible strategy involving solvent-induced effects and using the flexibility of the ligand conformation to make two In(III) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed, showing topological diversity and different stability. The X-shaped tetracarboxylic ligand H4TPTA ([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-4,4',4″,6'-tetracarboxylic acid) was selected to construct two new heteroid In MOFs, namely, {[CH3NH3][In(TPTA)]·2(NMF)} (MOF 1) and {[In2(TPTA)(OH)2]·2(H2O)·(DMF)} (MOF 2). MOF 1 is a (4, 4)-connected net showing a pts topology with a large channel that is not conducive to fine gas separation. By contrast, with the reduction of SBU from uninucleated In to an {In-OH-In}n chain, MOF 2 has a (4, 6)-connected net with the fsc topology with an ∼5 Å suitable micropore to confine matching small gas. The permanent porosity of MOF 2 leads to the preferential adsorption of C2H2 over CO2 with superior C2H2/CH4 (332.3) and CO2/CH4 (31.2) separation selectivities. Meanwhile, the cycling dynamic breakthrough experiments showed that the high-purity C2H2 (>99.8%) capture capacities of MOF 2 were >1.92 mmol g-1 from a binary C2H2/CH4 mixture, and its separation factor reached 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Xirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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6
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Liu J, Xue J, Yang GP, Dang LL, Ma LF, Li DS, Wang YY. Recent advances of functional heterometallic-organic framework (HMOF) materials: Design strategies and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Xiong D, Li Y, Shi Z, Qin T, Li D, Fu P, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Dong X. Syntheses, structures, and properties of three new complexes (Co(II), Cd(II), Zn(II)) assembled with 3-(2,4-di-carboxyphenoxy)phthalic acid. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Lv HJ, Zhang JW, Jiang YC, Li SN, Hu MC, Zhai QG. Micropore Regulation in Ultrastable [Sc 3O]-Organic Frameworks for Acetylene Storage and Purification. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3553-3562. [PMID: 35148476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High storage capacity, high separation selectivity, and high structure stability are essential for an idea gas adsorbent. However, it is not easy to achieve all three at the same time, even for the promising metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents. We demonstrate herein that robust [Sc3O]-organic frameworks could be regulated by a micropore combination strategy for high-performance acetylene adsorption. Under the same solvent system with formic acid as a modulator, similar tritopic ligands extend [Sc3O(COO)6] trigonal-prismatic clusters to generate SNNU-5-Sc and SNNU-150-Sc adsorbents. Notably, the two Sc-MOFs can keep their architectures over 24 h in water at different pH values (2-12) or at 90 °C. Modulated by the linker symmetry, the final stacking metal-organic polyhedral cages produce open window sizes of about 10 Å for SNNU-5-Sc and 5 Å + 7 Å for SNNU-150-Sc. Due to such micropore combinations, SNNU-5-Sc exhibits a top-level C2H2 uptake of 211.2 cm3 g-1 (1 atm and 273 K) and SNNU-150-Sc shows high C2H2/CH4, C2H2/C2H4, and C2H2/CO2 selectivities of 80.65, 4.03, and 8.19, respectively, under ambient conditions. Dynamic breakthrough curves obtained on a fixed-bed column and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations further support their prominent acetylene storage and purification performance. High framework stability, storage capacity, and separation selectivity make SNNU-5-Sc and SNNU-150-Sc ideal acetylene adsorbents in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Juan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Center of New Energy Battery Materials, Henan D&A Engineering Center of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ni Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Guo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
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9
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Liu Q, Yao S, Li D, Ma B, Zhang T, Zhu Q, He D, Sadakane M, Li Y, Ueda W, Zhang Z. Redox induced controlling microporosity of zeolitic transition metal oxides based on ε‑Keggin ironmolybdate in an ultra-fine level. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuning microporosity of crystalline microporous materials is critical for achieving good application performance. Zeolitic ironmolybdate shows both redox property and microporosity, and a redox-triggered microporosity change is investigated. The micropore...
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10
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MOF derived non-noble metal catalysts to control the distribution of furfural selective hydrogenation products. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Li L, Gao W, Lei M, Wen D. Alkali-induced Transformation of Ni-MOF into Ni(OH) 2 Nanostructured Flowers for Efficient Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction. Chemistry 2021; 27:10966-10972. [PMID: 33982296 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Post treatment of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is widely employed to develop efficient electrocatalysts with better catalytic properties. But the complex processes of post treatment generally led to the collapse of the original structures of MOFs, making the preservation of their pristine hierarchical porous structure a great challenge. Herein, we propose the strategy of alkali treatment of Ni-MOF to transform it into Ni(OH)2 with similar morphology and enhanced electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The structure and electrocatalytic properties of as-obtained Ni(OH)2 nanostructured flowers were seriously depended on the alkali concentrations. As the result, Ni(OH)2 obtained from Ni-MOF treated by 0.25 M NaOH (noted as Ni(OH)2 -0.25) performs 1.5 and 2.5 times larger current density than those of Ni(OH)2 -0.025 and Ni(OH)2 -0.5 for MOR. Moreover, the electrocatalytic process and mechanism of MOR on the catalyst of Ni(OH)2 -0.25 are also revealed. Hence, this ex situ conversion strategy of alkali treatment for Ni-MOF uncovered the transformation of MOFs in alkaline solution and develops robust electrocatalyst for practical application of methanol fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Min Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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12
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Li M, Xia X, Meng S, Ma Y, Yang T, Yang Y, Hu R. An electrochemical immunosensor coupling a bamboo-like carbon nanostructure substrate with toluidine blue-functionalized Cu(ii)-MOFs as signal probes for a C-reactive protein assay. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6699-6708. [PMID: 35423224 PMCID: PMC8694918 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09496j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel sandwich immunosensor based on a toluidine blue (Tb) loaded metal organic framework (Cu(ii)-HKUST-1/Tb) as the signal element and a nitrogen-doped 3D carbon nanostructure as the electrode substrate was constructed for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). Tb as an electrochemically active agent usually forms a polymer by aggregation in the solvent, causing a poor electrochemical response. Therefore, in order to overcome this obstacle, Cu(ii)-HKUST-1 with a porous nanostructure and large specific surface area as a carrier could adsorb a large number of Tb molecules on its surface to improve its electrochemical performance. In addition, the high electron transfer efficiency of the N-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (CoFe/N-GCT) improves the sensitivity of the biosensor. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to detect the current signal of Tb at -0.2 V. The current response increased with the increase in concentration of CRP, ranging from 0.5 to 200 ng mL-1. The detection limit is 166.7 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). Moreover, the proposed biosensor can be applied in real serum sample detection. It has potential applications in the field of biomedicine assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China +86 871 65941086
| | - Xiaojuan Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China +86 871 65941086
| | - Shuang Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China +86 871 65941086
| | - YuChan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China +86 871 65941086
| | - Tong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China +86 871 65941086
| | - Yunhui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China +86 871 65941086
| | - Rong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China +86 871 65941086
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13
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Ji WJ, Liu GF, Wang BQ, Lu WB, Zhai QG. Design of a heterometallic Zn/Ca-MOF decorated with alkoxy groups on the pore surface exhibiting high fluorescence sensing performance for Fe3+ and Cr2O72−. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a heterometallic Zn/Ca-MOF decorated with alkoxy groups on the pore surface exhibiting high fluorescence sensing performance for Fe3+ and Cr2O72−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
- China
| | - Gui-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
- China
| | - Bing-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
- China
| | - Wen-Bo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
- China
| | - Quan-Guo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
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