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Montalbo RCK, Tu HL. Micropatterning of functional lipid bilayer assays for quantitative bioanalysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:031302. [PMID: 37179590 PMCID: PMC10171888 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of the cell with its environment are mediated by the cell membrane and membrane-localized molecules. Supported lipid bilayers have enabled the recapitulation of the basic properties of cell membranes and have been broadly used to further our understanding of cellular behavior. Coupled with micropatterning techniques, lipid bilayer platforms have allowed for high throughput assays capable of performing quantitative analysis at a high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, an overview of the current methods of the lipid membrane patterning is presented. The fabrication and pattern characteristics are briefly described to present an idea of the quality and notable features of the methods, their utilizations for quantitative bioanalysis, as well as to highlight possible directions for the advanced micropatterning lipid membrane assays.
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2
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Tero R, Hagiwara Y, Saito S. Domain Localization by Graphene Oxide in Supported Lipid Bilayers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097999. [PMID: 37175707 PMCID: PMC10178265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gel-phase domains in a binary supported lipid bilayer (SLB) comprising dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were localized on graphene oxide (GO) deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate. We investigated the distribution of the gel-phase domains and the liquid crystalline (Lα) phase regions in DOPC+DPPC-SLB on thermally oxidized SiO2/Si substrates with GO flakes to understand the mechanism of the domain localization on GO. Fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that the gel-phase domains preferably distributed on GO flakes, whereas the fraction of the Lα-phase increased on the bare SiO2 surface which was not covered with the GO flakes. The gel-phase domain was condensed on GO more effectively at the lower cooling rate. We propose that nucleation of the gel-phase domain preferentially occurred on GO, whose surface has amphiphilic property, during the gel-phase domain formation. The domains of the liquid ordered (Lo) phase were also condensed on GO in a ternary bilayer containing cholesterol that was phase-separated to the Lo phase and the liquid disordered phase. Rigid domains segregates on GO during their formation process, leaving fluid components to the surrounding region of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryugo Tero
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Shun Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
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3
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Wang CM, Chan HS, Liao CL, Chang CW, Liao WS. Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:34-44. [PMID: 36703907 PMCID: PMC9830500 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a unique soft lithographic operation that exploits stamp roof collapse-induced gaps to selectively remove an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Au to generate surface patterns that are orders of magnitude smaller than structures on the original elastomer stamp. The smallest achieved feature dimension is 5 nm using a micrometer-scale structured stamp in a chemical lift-off lithography (CLL) process. Molecular patterns retained in the gaps between stamp features and their circumscribed or inscribed circles follow mathematical predictions, and their sizes can be tuned by altering the stamp structure dimensions, including height, pitch, and shape. These generated surface molecular patterns can function as biorecognition arrays or be transferred to the underneath Au layer for metallic structure creation. By combining CLL process with this gap phenomenon, soft material properties that are previously thought as demerits can be used to achieve sub-10 nm features in a straightforward sketch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sheng Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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4
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Taguchi S, Okamoto Y, Suga K, Jung HS, Umakoshi H. Preparation of Planar Lipid Bilayer Membrane by Utilizing Bicelles and Its Characterization. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.48.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Taguchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
| | - Keishi Suga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Ho-Sup Jung
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
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5
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Ma GJ, Yoon BK, Sut TN, Yoo KY, Lee SH, Jeon W, Jackman JA, Ariga K, Cho N. Lipid coating technology: A potential solution to address the problem of sticky containers and vanishing drugs. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gamaliel Junren Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Singapore
| | - Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Tun Naw Sut
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Yoo
- LUCA Health and LUCA AICell, Inc. Anyang Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Lee
- LUCA Health and LUCA AICell, Inc. Anyang Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Yong Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI‐MANA National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Nam‐Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Singapore
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6
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Ti YT, Cheng HC, Li Y, Tu HL. Multiplexed patterning of hybrid lipid membrane and protein arrays for cell signaling study. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2711-2720. [PMID: 34109339 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The supported lipid bilayer (SLB) is a powerful tool for studying dynamic cell-environment interactions and has been widely used for biosensing applications. Using a reusable microfluidic chip, we present here a strategy to fabricate highly multiplexed SLB and protein arrays for cell signaling research. This approach allows for the rapid patterning of hundreds of highly reproducible and size-tunable SLB arrays with distinct lipid composition and mobility. Using fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, the lipid mobility is found to play a central role for patterning this membrane assay. Adding protein rings as diffusion barriers extends the accessible mobility range and maintains long-term stability of the hybrid array. Subsequent protein functionalizations on the SLB could be conducted using standard conjugation methods. The utility of the hybrid array for cell signaling experiments is demonstrated by studying the immune NF-κB signaling, whose activity is triggered by the binding of the membrane receptor, toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR 4), to its ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), that is functionalized on the SLB. The patterned array allows cells to adhere and spread on areas without LPS before migrating to interact with membrane-bound LPS to initiate NF-κB activation. Overall, the strategy offers an efficient route to rapidly generate easily controllable and multiplexed molecular arrays that can serve as versatile platforms for biosensing and cell signaling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Ti
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. and Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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7
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Taguchi S, Kimura Y, Tachibana Y, Yamamoto T, Umakoshi H. Preparation of Bilayer Molecular Assembly from Fatty Acid and Detergent. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.47.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Taguchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Yuta Kimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Yasuaki Tachibana
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Takuji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
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Belling JN, Heidenreich LK, Park JH, Kawakami LM, Takahashi J, Frost IM, Gong Y, Young TD, Jackman JA, Jonas SJ, Cho NJ, Weiss PS. Lipid-Bicelle-Coated Microfluidics for Intracellular Delivery with Reduced Fouling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45744-45752. [PMID: 32940030 PMCID: PMC8188960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Innovative technologies for intracellular delivery are ushering in a new era for gene editing, enabling the utilization of a patient's own cells for stem cell and immunotherapies. In particular, cell-squeezing platforms provide unconventional forms of intracellular delivery, deforming cells through microfluidic constrictions to generate transient pores and to enable effective diffusion of biomolecular cargo. While these devices are promising gene-editing platforms, they require frequent maintenance due to the accumulation of cellular debris, limiting their potential for reaching the throughputs necessary for scalable cellular therapies. As these cell-squeezing technologies are improved, there is a need to develop next-generation platforms with higher throughput and longer lifespan, importantly, avoiding the buildup of cell debris and thus channel clogging. Here, we report a versatile strategy to coat the channels of microfluidic devices with lipid bilayers based on noncovalent lipid bicelle technology, which led to substantial improvements in reducing cell adhesion and protein adsorption. The antifouling properties of the lipid bilayer coating were evaluated, including membrane uniformity, passivation against nonspecific protein adsorption, and inhibition of cell attachment against multiple cell types. This surface functionalization approach was applied to coat constricted microfluidic channels for the intracellular delivery of fluorescently labeled dextran and plasmid DNA, demonstrating significant reductions in the accumulation of cell debris. Taken together, our work demonstrates that lipid bicelles are a useful tool to fabricate antifouling lipid bilayer coatings in cell-squeezing devices, resulting in reduced nonspecific fouling and cell clogging to improve performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Belling
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Liv K Heidenreich
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lisa M Kawakami
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jack Takahashi
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Isaura M Frost
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yao Gong
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Thomas D Young
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU-UCLA-NTU Precision Biology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven J Jonas
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- SKKU-UCLA-NTU Precision Biology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- SKKU-UCLA-NTU Precision Biology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Versatile formation of supported lipid bilayers from bicellar mixtures of phospholipids and capric acid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13849. [PMID: 32796898 PMCID: PMC7427796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally developed for the structural biology field, lipid bicelle nanostructures composed of long- and short-chain phospholipid molecules have emerged as a useful interfacial science tool to fabricate two-dimensional supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on hydrophilic surfaces due to ease of sample preparation, scalability, and versatility. To improve SLB fabrication prospects, there has been recent interest in replacing the synthetic, short-chain phospholipid component of bicellar mixtures with naturally abundant fatty acids and monoglycerides, i.e., lauric acid and monocaprin. Such options have proven successful under specific conditions, however, there is room for devising more versatile fabrication options, especially in terms of overcoming lipid concentration-dependent SLB formation limitations. Herein, we investigated SLB fabrication by using bicellar mixtures consisting of long-chain phospholipid and capric acid, the latter of which has similar headgroup and chain length properties to lauric acid and monocaprin, respectively. Quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation, epifluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments were conducted to characterize lipid concentration-dependent bicelle adsorption onto silicon dioxide surfaces. We identified that uniform-phase SLB formation occurred independently of total lipid concentration when the ratio of long-chain phospholipid to capric acid molecules ("q-ratio") was 0.25 or 2.5, which is superior to past results with lauric acid- and monocaprin-containing bicelles in which cases lipid concentration-dependent behavior was observed. Together, these findings demonstrate that capric acid-containing bicelles are versatile tools for SLB fabrication and highlight how the molecular structure of bicelle components can be rationally finetuned to modulate self-assembly processes at solid-liquid interfaces.
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10
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Cheung KM, Abendroth JM, Nakatsuka N, Zhu B, Yang Y, Andrews AM, Weiss PS. Detecting DNA and RNA and Differentiating Single-Nucleotide Variations via Field-Effect Transistors. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5982-5990. [PMID: 32706969 PMCID: PMC7439785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We detect short oligonucleotides and distinguish between sequences that differ by a single base, using label-free, electronic field-effect transistors (FETs). Our sensing platform utilizes ultrathin-film indium oxide FETs chemically functionalized with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The ssDNA-functionalized semiconducting channels in FETs detect fully complementary DNA sequences and differentiate these sequences from those having different types and locations of single base-pair mismatches. Changes in charge associated with surface-bound ssDNA vs double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) alter FET channel conductance to enable detection due to differences in DNA duplex stability. We illustrate the capability of ssDNA-FETs to detect complementary RNA sequences and to distinguish from RNA sequences with single nucleotide variations. The development and implementation of electronic biosensors that rapidly and sensitively detect and differentiate oligonucleotides present new opportunities in the fields of disease diagnostics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M Abendroth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bowen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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11
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Sut TN, Park S, Yoon BK, Jackman JA, Cho NJ. Supported Lipid Bilayer Formation from Phospholipid-Fatty Acid Bicellar Mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5021-5029. [PMID: 32308002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are versatile cell membrane-mimicking biointerfaces for various applications such as biosensors and drug delivery systems, and there is broad interest in developing simple, cost-effective methods to achieve SLB fabrication. One promising approach involves the deposition of quasi-two-dimensional bicelle nanostructures that are composed of long-chain phospholipids and either short-chain phospholipids or detergent molecules. While a variety of long-chain phospholipids have been used to prepare bicelles for SLB fabrication applications, only two short-chain phospholipids, 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (collectively referred to as DHPC), have been investigated. There remains an outstanding need to identify natural alternatives to DHPC, especially ones that are more affordable, to improve fabrication prospects and application opportunities. Herein, we explored the potential to fabricate SLBs from bicellar mixtures composed of long-chain phospholipids and lauric acid (LA), which is a low-cost, naturally abundant fatty acid that is widely used in soapmaking and various industrial applications. Quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) experiments were conducted to track bicelle adsorption onto silica surfaces as a function of bicelle composition and lipid concentration, along with time-lapse fluorescence microscopy imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments to further characterize lipid adlayer properties. The results identified optimal conditions where it is possible to efficiently form SLBs from LA-containing bicelles at low lipid concentrations while also unraveling mechanistic insights into the bicelle-mediated SLB formation process and verifying that LA-containing bicelles are biocompatible with human cells for surface coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Naw Sut
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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