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Xu B, Li S, Shi R, Liu H. Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:435. [PMID: 37996406 PMCID: PMC10667354 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are recognized as a prime example of nanotechnology applied in the biomedical field, due to their easily tunable structure and composition, diverse surface functionalization properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Over the past two decades, researchers have developed a wide variety of MSNs-based nanoplatforms through careful design and controlled preparation techniques, demonstrating their adaptability to various biomedical application scenarios. With the continuous breakthroughs of MSNs in the fields of biosensing, disease diagnosis and treatment, tissue engineering, etc., MSNs are gradually moving from basic research to clinical trials. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of MSNs in the biomedical field, beginning with a comprehensive overview of their development history. We then discuss the types of MSNs-based nanostructured architectures, as well as the classification of MSNs-based nanocomposites according to the elements existed in various inorganic functional components. Subsequently, we summarize the primary purposes of surface-functionalized modifications of MSNs. In the following, we discuss the biomedical applications of MSNs, and highlight the MSNs-based targeted therapeutic modalities currently developed. Given the importance of clinical translation, we also summarize the progress of MSNs in clinical trials. Finally, we take a perspective on the future direction and remaining challenges of MSNs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 100035, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Kirla H, Henry DJ, Jansen S, Thompson PL, Hamzah J. Use of Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1060-1068. [PMID: 37783646 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The current CVD therapeutic drugs require long-term treatment with high doses, which increases the risk of adverse effects while offering only marginal treatment efficacy. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have been proven to be an efficient drug delivery vehicle for numerous diseases, including CVD. This article reviews recent progress and advancement in targeted delivery for drugs and diagnostic and theranostic agents using silica nanoparticles to achieve therapeutic efficacy and improved detection of CVD in clinical and preclinical settings. METHODS A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to 2023 was conducted. Current clinical trials on silica nanoparticles were identified through ClinicalTrials.gov. Search terms include silica nanoparticles, cardiovascular diseases, drug delivery, and therapy. FINDINGS Silica nanoparticles exhibit biocompatibility in biological systems, and their shape, size, surface area, and surface functionalization can be customized for the safe transport and protection of drugs in blood circulation. These properties also enable effective drug uptake in specific tissues and controlled drug release after systemic, localized, or oral delivery. A range of silica nanoparticles have been used as nanocarrier for drug delivery to treat conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. IMPLICATIONS The use of silica nanoparticles for drug delivery and their ongoing development has emerged as a promising strategy to improve the effectiveness of drugs, imaging agents, and theranostics with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Kirla
- Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - David J Henry
- Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shirley Jansen
- Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter L Thompson
- Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Juliana Hamzah
- Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
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Fernandes NB, Nayak Y, Garg S, Nayak UY. Multifunctional engineered mesoporous silica/inorganic material hybrid nanoparticles: Theranostic perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Florensa M, Llenas M, Medina-Gutiérrez E, Sandoval S, Tobías-Rossell G. Key Parameters for the Rational Design, Synthesis, and Functionalization of Biocompatible Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122703. [PMID: 36559195 PMCID: PMC9788600 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, research on silica nanoparticles has rapidly increased. Particularly on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), as nanocarriers for the treatment of various diseases because of their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. The use of MSNs combined with therapeutic agents can provide better encapsulation and effective delivery. MSNs as nanocarriers might also be a promising tool to lower the therapeutic dosage levels and thereby to reduce undesired side effects. Researchers have explored several routes to conjugate both imaging and therapeutic agents onto MSNs, thus expanding their potential as theranostic platforms, in order to allow for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This review introduces a general overview of recent advances in the field of silica nanoparticles. In particular, the review tackles the fundamental aspects of silicate materials, including a historical presentation to new silicates and then focusing on the key parameters that govern the tailored synthesis of functional MSNs. Finally, the biomedical applications of MSNs are briefly revised, along with their biocompatibility, biodistribution and degradation. This review aims to provide the reader with the tools for a rational design of biocompatible MSNs for their application in the biomedical field. Particular attention is paid to the role that the synthesis conditions have on the physicochemical properties of the resulting MSNs, which, in turn, will determine their pharmacological behavior. Several recent examples are highlighted to stress the potential that MSNs hold as drug delivery systems, for biomedical imaging, as vaccine adjuvants and as theragnostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Sandoval
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.T.-R.); Tel.: +34-(93)-5801853 (S.S. & G.T.-R.)
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Grzelak J, Teles M, Roher N, Grayston A, Rosell A, Gich M, Roig A. Bioevaluation of magnetic mesoporous silica rods: cytotoxicity, cell uptake and biodistribution in zebrafish and rodents. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31878-31888. [PMID: 36380961 PMCID: PMC9639086 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) characterized by large surface area, pore volume, tunable chemistry, and biocompatibility have been widely studied in nanomedicine as imaging and therapeutic carriers. Most of these studies focused on spherical particles. In contrast, mesoporous silica rods (MSR) that are more challenging to prepare have been less investigated in terms of toxicity, cellular uptake, or biodistribution. Interestingly, previous studies showed that silica rods penetrate fibrous tissues or mucus layers more efficiently than their spherical counterparts. Recently, we reported the synthesis of MSR with distinct aspect ratios and validated their use in multiple imaging modalities by loading the pores with maghemite nanocrystals and functionalizing the silica surface with green and red fluorophores. Herein, based on an initial hypothesis of high liver accumulation of the MSR and a future vision that they could be used for early diagnosis or therapy in fibrotic liver diseases; the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of MSR were assessed in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells and the in vivo safety and biodistribution was investigated via fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) employing zebrafish larvae and rodents. The selection of these animal models was prompted by the well-established fatty diet protocols inducing fibrotic liver in zebrafish or rodents that serve to investigate highly prevalent liver conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study demonstrated that magnetic MSR do not cause cytotoxicity in ZFL cells regardless of the rods' length and surface charge (for concentrations up to 50 μg ml-1, 6 h) and that MSR are taken up by the ZFL cells in large amounts despite their length of ∼1 μm. In zebrafish larvae, it was observed that they could be safely exposed to high MSR concentrations (up to 1 mg ml-1 for 96 h) and that the rods pass through the liver without causing toxicity. The high accumulation of MSR in rodents' livers at short post-injection times (20% of the administered dose) was confirmed by both FMI and MRI, highlighting the utility of the MSR for liver imaging by both techniques. Our results could open new avenues for the use of rod-shaped silica particles in the diagnosis of pathological liver conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Grzelak
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alba Grayston
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) 08035 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) 08035 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Martí Gich
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
| | - Anna Roig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
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