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Miklosic G, Ferguson SJ, D'Este M. Engineering complex tissue-like microenvironments with biomaterials and biofabrication. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00089-1. [PMID: 38658198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering for both system modeling and organ regeneration depend on embracing and recapitulating the target tissue's functional and structural complexity. Microenvironmental features such as anisotropy, heterogeneity, and other biochemical and mechanical spatiotemporal cues are essential in regulating tissue development and function. Novel biofabrication strategies and innovative biomaterial design have emerged as promising tools to better reproduce such features. These facilitate a transition towards high-fidelity biomimetic structures, offering opportunities for a deeper understanding of tissue function and the development of superior therapies. In this review, we explore some of the key structural and compositional aspects of tissues, lay out how to achieve similar outcomes with current fabrication strategies, and identify the main challenges and promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Miklosic
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Onbas R, Arslan Yıldız A. Biopatterning of 3D Cellular Model by Contactless Magnetic Manipulation for Cardiotoxicity Screening. Tissue Eng Part A 2023. [PMID: 37974427 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterning cells to create 3D cell culture models by magnetic manipulation is a promising technique, which is rapid, simple, and cost-effective. This study introduces a new biopatterning approach based on magnetic manipulation of cells with a bio-ink that consists alginate, cells, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental design models were used to optimize bio-ink formulation where NIH-3T3 cells were utilized as a model cell line. The patterning capability was confirmed by light microscopy through 7 days culture time. Then, biopatterned 3D cardiac structures were formed using H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells. Cellular and extracellular components; F-actin and collagen Type I, and cardiac-specific biomarkers; Troponin T and MYH6, of biopatterned 3D cardiac structures were observed successfully. Moreover, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated for developed 3D model, and IC50 value was calculated as 8.1 µM for biopatterned 3D cardiac structures, which showed higher resistance against DOX-exposure compared to conventional 2D cell culture. Hereby, developed biopatterning methodology proved to be a simple and rapid approach to fabricate 3D cardiac models, especially for drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Onbas
- Izmir Institute of Technology, 52972, Bioengineering, Izmir, NA, Turkey;
| | - Ahu Arslan Yıldız
- Izmir Institute of Technology, 52972, Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, NA, Turkey, 35430;
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Qin C, Wu C. Inorganic biomaterials‐based bioinks for three‐dimensional bioprinting of regenerative scaffolds. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Onbas R, Arslan Yildiz A. Fabrication of Tunable 3D Cellular Structures in High Volume Using Magnetic Levitation Guided Assembly. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1794-1802. [PMID: 35014525 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tunable and reproducible size with high circularity is an important limitation to obtain three-dimensional (3D) cellular structures and spheroids in scaffold free tissue engineering approaches. Here, we present a facile methodology based on magnetic levitation (MagLev) to fabricate 3D cellular structures rapidly and easily in high-volume and low magnetic field. In this study, 3D cellular structures were fabricated using magnetic levitation directed assembly where cells are suspended and self-assembled by contactless magnetic manipulation in the presence of a paramagnetic agent. The effect of cell seeding density, culture time, and paramagnetic agent concentration on the formation of 3D cellular structures was evaluated for NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. In addition, magnetic levitation guided cellular assembly and 3D tumor spheroid formation was examined for five different cancer cell lines: MCF7 (human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma), SH-SY5Y (human bone-marrow neuroblastoma), PC-12 (rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma), and HeLa (human epithelial cervix adenocarcinoma). Moreover, formation of a 3D coculture model was successfully observed by using MDA-MB-231 dsRED and MDA-MB-231 GFP cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed MagLev setup provides an easy and efficient way to fabricate 3D cellular structures and may be a feasible alternative to conventional methodologies for cellular/multicellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Onbas
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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Sarigil O, Anil-Inevi M, Firatligil-Yildirir B, Unal YC, Yalcin-Ozuysal O, Mese G, Tekin HC, Ozcivici E. Scaffold-free biofabrication of adipocyte structures with magnetic levitation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1127-1140. [PMID: 33205833 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering research aims to repair the form and/or function of impaired tissues. Tissue engineering studies mostly rely on scaffold-based techniques. However, these techniques have certain challenges, such as the selection of proper scaffold material, including mechanical properties, sterilization, and fabrication processes. As an alternative, we propose a novel scaffold-free adipose tissue biofabrication technique based on magnetic levitation. In this study, a label-free magnetic levitation technique was used to form three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-free adipocyte structures with various fabrication strategies in a microcapillary-based setup. Adipogenic-differentiated 7F2 cells and growth D1 ORL UVA stem cells were used as model cells. The morphological properties of the 3D structures of single and cocultured cells were analyzed. The developed procedure leads to the formation of different patterns of single and cocultured adipocytes without a scaffold. Our results indicated that adipocytes formed loose structures while growth cells were tightly packed during 3D culture in the magnetic levitation platform. This system has potential for ex vivo modeling of adipose tissue for drug testing and transplantation applications for cell therapy in soft tissue damage. Also, it will be possible to extend this technique to other cell and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Anil-Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Yagmur Ceren Unal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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Mishriki S, Aithal S, Gupta T, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. Fibroblasts Accelerate Formation and Improve Reproducibility of 3D Cellular Structures Printed with Magnetic Assistance. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:3970530. [PMID: 32776011 PMCID: PMC7395227 DOI: 10.34133/2020/3970530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts (mouse, NIH/3T3) are combined with MDA-MB-231 cells to accelerate the formation and improve the reproducibility of 3D cellular structures printed with magnetic assistance. Fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 cells are cocultured to produce 12.5 : 87.5, 25 : 75, and 50 : 50 total population mixtures. These mixtures are suspended in a cell medium containing a paramagnetic salt, Gd-DTPA, which increases the magnetic susceptibility of the medium with respect to the cells. A 3D monotypic MDA-MB-231 cellular structure is printed within 24 hours with magnetic assistance, whereas it takes 48 hours to form a similar structure through gravitational settling alone. The maximum projected areas and circularities, and cellular ATP levels of the printed structures are measured for 336 hours. Increasing the relative amounts of the fibroblasts mixed with the MDA-MB-231 cells decreases the time taken to form the structures and improves their reproducibility. Structures produced through gravitational settling have larger maximum projected areas and cellular ATP, but are deemed less reproducible. The distribution of individual cell lines in the cocultured 3D cellular structures shows that printing with magnetic assistance yields 3D cellular structures that resemble in vivo tumors more closely than those formed through gravitational settling. The results validate our hypothesis that (1) fibroblasts act as a "glue" that supports the formation of 3D cellular structures, and (2) the structures are produced more rapidly and with greater reproducibility with magnetically assisted printing than through gravitational settling alone. Printing of 3D cellular structures with magnetic assistance has applications relevant to drug discovery, lab-on-chip devices, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srivatsa Aithal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamaghna Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh P. Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Walter Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishwar K. Puri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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