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Chow T, Humble W, Lucarelli E, Onofrillo C, Choong PF, Di Bella C, Duchi S. Feasibility and barriers to rapid establishment of patient-derived primary osteosarcoma cell lines in clinical management. iScience 2024; 27:110251. [PMID: 39286504 PMCID: PMC11403063 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary bone tumor that has seen little improvement in survival rates in the past three decades. Preclinical studies are conducted on a small pool of commercial cell lines which may not fully reflect the genetic heterogeneity of this complex cancer, potentially hindering translatability of in vitro results. Developing a single-site laboratory protocol to rapidly establish patient-derived primary cancer cell lines (PCCL) within a clinically actionable time frame of a few weeks will have significant scientific and clinical ramifications. These PCCL can widen the pool of available cell lines for study while patient-specific data could derive therapeutic correlation. This endeavor is exceedingly challenging considering the proposed time constraints. By proposing key definitions and a clear theoretical framework, this evaluation of osteosarcoma cell line establishment methodology over the past three decades assesses feasibility by identifying barriers and suggesting solutions, thereby facilitating systematic experimentation and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chow
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - William Humble
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F Choong
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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2
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Menshikh K, Banicevic I, Obradovic B, Rimondini L. Biomechanical Aspects in Bone Tumor Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:217-229. [PMID: 37830183 PMCID: PMC11001506 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, anticancer drug development brought the field of tumor engineering to a new level by the need of robust test systems. Simulating tumor microenvironment in vitro remains a challenge, and osteosarcoma-the most common primary bone cancer-is no exception. The growing evidence points to the inevitable connection between biomechanical stimuli and tumor chemosensitivity and aggressiveness, thus making this component of the microenvironment a mandatory requirement to the developed models. In this review, we addressed the question: is the "in vivo - in vitro" gap in osteosarcoma engineering bridged from the perspective of biomechanical stimuli? The most notable biomechanical cues in the tumor cell microenvironment are observed and compared in the contexts of in vivo conditions and engineered three-dimensional in vitro models. Impact statement The importance of biomechanical stimuli in three-dimensional in vitro models for drug testing is becoming more pronounced nowadays. This review might assist in understanding the key players of the biophysical environment of primary bone cancer and the current state of bone tumor engineering from this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Menshikh
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Banicevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Obradovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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3
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Julson JR, Horton SC, Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Bownes LV, Stewart JE, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Beierle EA. CDK4/6 Inhibition With Lerociclib is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Pediatric Sarcomas. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:473-482. [PMID: 37919169 PMCID: PMC10922146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas are a heterogenous collection of bone and soft tissue tumors. The heterogeneity of these tumors makes it difficult to standardize treatment. CDK 4/6 inhibitors are a family of targeted agents which limit cell cycle progression and have been shown to be upregulated in sarcomas. In the current preclinical study, we evaluated the effects of lerociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, on pediatric sarcomas in vitro and in 3D bioprinted tumors. METHODS The effects of lerociclib on viability, proliferation, cell cycle, motility, and stemness were assessed in established sarcoma cell lines, U-2 OS and MG-63, as well as sarcoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). 3D printed biotumors of each of the U-2 OS, MG-63, and COA79 cells were utilized to study the effects of lerociclib on tumor growth ex vivo. RESULTS CDK 4/6, as well as the intermediaries retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and phosphorylated Rb were identified as targets in the four sarcoma cell lines. Lerociclib treatment induced cell cycle arrest, decreased proliferation, motility, and stemness of sarcoma cells. Treatment with lerociclib decreased sarcoma cell viability in both traditional 2D culture as well as 3D bioprinted microtumors. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CDK 4/6 activity with lerociclib was efficacious in traditional 2D sarcoma cell culture as well as in 3D bioprints. Lerociclib holds promise and warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic strategy for management of these heterogenous groups of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sara C Horton
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andee M Beierle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jamie Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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4
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Li W, Wang M, Ma H, Chapa-Villarreal FA, Lobo AO, Zhang YS. Stereolithography apparatus and digital light processing-based 3D bioprinting for tissue fabrication. iScience 2023; 26:106039. [PMID: 36761021 PMCID: PMC9906021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a class of promising techniques in biomedical research for a wide range of related applications. Specifically, stereolithography apparatus (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP)-based vat-polymerization techniques are highly effective methods of bioprinting, which can be used to produce high-resolution and architecturally sophisticated structures. Our review aims to provide an overview of SLA- and DLP-based 3D bioprinting strategies, starting from factors that affect these bioprinting processes. In addition, we summarize the advances in bioinks used in SLA and DLP, including naturally derived and synthetic bioinks. Finally, the biomedical applications of both SLA- and DLP-based bioprinting are discussed, primarily centered on regenerative medicine and tissue modeling engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huiling Ma
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fabiola A. Chapa-Villarreal
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program (PPGCM), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil,Corresponding author
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Corresponding author
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5
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Krysko DV, Demuynck R, Efimova I, Naessens F, Krysko O, Catanzaro E. In Vitro Veritas: From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Models to Study Immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:3705. [PMID: 36429133 PMCID: PMC9688238 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a functionally unique form of cell death that promotes a T-cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response specific to antigens originating from dying cancer cells. Many anticancer agents and strategies induce ICD, but despite their robust effects in vitro and in vivo on mice, translation into the clinic remains challenging. A major hindrance in antitumor research is the poor predictive ability of classic 2D in vitro models, which do not consider tumor biological complexity, such as the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression and cancer evasion. In this review, we describe different tumor models, from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip technology, as well as spheroids and perfusion bioreactors, all of which mimic the different degrees of the TME complexity. Next, we discuss how 3D cell cultures can be applied to study ICD and how to increase the translational potential of the ICD inducers. Finally, novel research directions are provided regarding ICD in the 3D cellular context which may lead to novel immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Faye Naessens
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Zhang Y, Habibovic P. Delivering Mechanical Stimulation to Cells: State of the Art in Materials and Devices Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110267. [PMID: 35385176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical signals, such as growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors are known to play a crucial role in regulating a variety of cellular activities as well as maintaining the normal function of different tissues and organs. If the biochemical signals are assumed to be one side of the coin, the other side comprises biophysical cues. There is growing evidence showing that biophysical signals, and in particular mechanical cues, also play an important role in different stages of human life ranging from morphogenesis during embryonic development to maturation and maintenance of tissue and organ function throughout life. In order to investigate how mechanical signals influence cell and tissue function, tremendous efforts have been devoted to fabricating various materials and devices for delivering mechanical stimuli to cells and tissues. Here, an overview of the current state of the art in the design and development of such materials and devices is provided, with a focus on their design principles, and challenges and perspectives for future research directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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7
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Contessi Negrini N, Ricci C, Bongiorni F, Trombi L, D’Alessandro D, Danti S, Farè S. An Osteosarcoma Model by 3D Printed Polyurethane Scaffold and In Vitro Generated Bone Extracellular Matrix. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082003. [PMID: 35454909 PMCID: PMC9025808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Development of new therapeutics to treat osteosarcoma is fundamental to decreasing its current health impact. 3D in vitro models are gaining tremendous momentum as, compared to traditional 2D in vitro models and in vivo models, can speed up new treatment discovery and provide clarification of the pathology development, by ultimately offering a reproducible and biomimetic tool. However, engineering a 3D osteosarcoma in vitro model is challenging, since the reliability of the models strictly depends on their ability to correctly mimic the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the pathological tissue to be replicated. Here, we designed 3D printed polyurethane scaffolds enriched by in vitro pre-generated bone extracellular matrix, synthesized by osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells, to replicate in vitro an osteosarcoma model, which can be potentially used to study tumor progression and to assess new treatments. Abstract Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis, especially in the case of recurrent disease or metastases. Therefore, tools to understand in-depth osteosarcoma progression and ultimately develop new therapeutics are urgently required. 3D in vitro models can provide an optimal option, as they are highly reproducible, yet sufficiently complex, thus reliable alternatives to 2D in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we describe 3D in vitro osteosarcoma models prepared by printing polyurethane (PU) by fused deposition modeling, further enriched with human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC)-secreted biomolecules. We printed scaffolds with different morphologies by changing their design (i.e., the distance between printed filaments and printed patterns) to obtain different pore geometry, size, and distribution. The printed PU scaffolds were stable during in vitro cultures, showed adequate porosity (55–67%) and tunable mechanical properties (Young’s modulus ranging in 0.5–4.0 MPa), and resulted in cytocompatible. We developed the in vitro model by seeding SAOS-2 cells on the optimal PU scaffold (i.e., 0.7 mm inter-filament distance, 60° pattern), by testing different pre-conditioning factors: none, undifferentiated hMSC-secreted, and osteo-differentiated hMSC-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM), which were obtained by cell lysis before SAOS-2 seeding. Scaffolds pre-cultured with osteo-differentiated hMSCs, subsequently lysed, and seeded with SAOS-2 cells showed optimal colonization, thus disclosing a suitable biomimetic microenvironment for osteosarcoma cells, which can be useful both in tumor biology study and, possibly, treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contessi Negrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (N.C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federica Bongiorni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Delfo D’Alessandro
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (N.C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.F.)
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8
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Golinelli G, Talami R, Frabetti S, Candini O, Grisendi G, Spano C, Chiavelli C, Arnaud GF, Mari G, Dominici M. A 3D Platform to Investigate Dynamic Cell-to-Cell Interactions Between Tumor Cells and Mesenchymal Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:767253. [PMID: 35111750 PMCID: PMC8802911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We here investigated the dynamic cell-to-cell interactions between tumor and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) by the novel VITVOⓇ 3D bioreactor that was customized to develop in vivo-like metastatic nodules of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES). MSCs are known to contribute to tumor microenvironment as cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) precursors and, for this reason, they have also been used as anti-cancer tools. Using dynamic conditions, the process of tissue colonization and formation of metastatic niches was recreated through tumor cell migration aiming to mimic ES development in patients. ES is an aggressive tumor representing the second most common malignant bone cancer in children and young adults. An urgent and unmet need exists for the development of novel treatment strategies to improve the outcomes of metastatic ES. The tumor-tropic ability of MSCs offers an alternative approach, in which these cells can be used as vehicles for the delivery of antitumor molecules, such as the proapoptotic TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). However, the therapeutic targeting of metastases remains challenging and the interaction occurring between tumor cells and MSCs has not yet been deeply investigated. Setting up in vitro and in vivo models to study this interaction is a prerequisite for novel approaches where MSCs affinity for tumor is optimized to ultimately increase their therapeutic efficacy. Here, VITVOⓇ integrating a customized scaffold with an increased inter-fiber distance (VITVO50) was used to develop a dynamic model where MSCs and tumor nodules were evaluated under flow conditions. Colonization and interaction between cell populations were explored by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). VITVO50 findings were then applied in vivo. An ES metastatic model was established in NSG mice and biodistribution of TRAIL-expressing MSCs in mice organs affected by metastases was investigated using a 4-plex ddPCR assay. VITVOⓇ proved to be an easy handling and versatile bioreactor to develop in vivo-like tumor nodules and investigate dynamic cell-to-cell interactions with MSCs. The proposed fluidic system promises to facilitate the understanding of tumor-stroma interaction for the development of novel tumor targeting strategies, simplifying the analysis of in vivo data, and ultimately accelerating the progress towards the early clinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Golinelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Golinelli, ; Massimo Dominici,
| | - Rebecca Talami
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gaëlle F. Arnaud
- Science and Technology Park for Medicine, Tecnopolo di Mirandola “Mario Veronesi”, Mirandola, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mari
- Rigenerand Srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
- Science and Technology Park for Medicine, Tecnopolo di Mirandola “Mario Veronesi”, Mirandola, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Rigenerand Srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Golinelli, ; Massimo Dominici,
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9
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Lowen GB, Vanderburgh JP, Florian D, Scott T, Sterling JAR, Guelcher SA. A Perfusion Bioreactor Model of Tumor-Induced Bone Disease Using Human Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e333. [PMID: 34985830 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advanced solid tumors often metastasize to bone. Once established in bone, these tumors can induce bone destruction resulting in decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Neither 2D in vitro models nor 3D animal models sufficiently recapitulate the human bone-tumor microenvironment needed to fully understand the complexities of bone metastasis, highlighting the need for new models. A 3D in vitro humanized model of tumor-induced bone disease was developed by dynamically culturing human osteoblast, osteoclast, and metastatic cancer cells together within tissue-engineered bone constructs. Cell-mediated resorption can be observed by micro-computed tomography and can be quantified by change in mass. Taken together, these data can be used to investigate whether the metastatic cancer cells included in the model have the potential to drive osteoclastogenesis and cell-mediated resorption in vitro. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Fabricating bone-like scaffolds Basic Protocol 2: Preparing cells for the humanized model of TIBD Basic Protocol 3: Crafting a 3D in vitro humanized model of TIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Lowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph P Vanderburgh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David Florian
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Taylor Scott
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Julie A Rhoades Sterling
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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10
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Wang P, Sun Y, Shi X, Shen H, Ning H, Liu H. Bioscaffolds embedded with regulatory modules for cell growth and tissue formation: A review. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1283-1307. [PMID: 33251379 PMCID: PMC7662879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for artificial organs has greatly increased because of various aging-associated diseases and the wide need for organ transplants. A recent trend in tissue engineering is the precise reconstruction of tissues by the growth of cells adhering to bioscaffolds, which are three-dimensional (3D) structures that guide tissue and organ formation. Bioscaffolds used to fabricate bionic tissues should be able to not only guide cell growth but also regulate cell behaviors. Common regulation methods include biophysical and biochemical stimulations. Biophysical stimulation cues include matrix hardness, external stress and strain, surface topology, and electromagnetic field and concentration, whereas biochemical stimulation cues include growth factors, proteins, kinases, and magnetic nanoparticles. This review discusses bioink preparation, 3D bioprinting (including extrusion-based, inkjet, and ultraviolet-assisted 3D bioprinting), and regulation of cell behaviors. In particular, it provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and devices for regulating cell growth and tissue formation and the effects of biophysical and biochemical stimulations on cell behaviors. In addition, the fabrication of bioscaffolds embedded with regulatory modules for biomimetic tissue preparation is explained. Finally, challenges in cell growth regulation and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoquan Shi
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huixing Shen
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haohao Ning
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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11
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Jasuja H, Kar S, Katti DR, Katti K. Perfusion bioreactor enabled fluid-derived shear stress conditions for novel bone metastatic prostate cancer testbed. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33418550 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abd9d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Critical understanding of the complex metastatic cascade of prostate cancer is necessary for the development of a therapeutic interventions for treating metastatic prostate cancer. Increasing evidence supports the synergistic role of biochemical and biophysical cues in cancer progression at metastases. The biochemical factors such as cytokines have been extensively studied in relation to prostate cancer progression to the bone; however, the role of shear stress-induced by interstitial fluid around bone extracellular matrix has not been fully explored as a driving factor for prostate cancer metastasis. Shear stress governs various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and migration. Thus, it is essential to understand the impact of fluid-derived shear stress on the aggressiveness of prostate cancer at the metastatic stage. Here, we report development of a three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro dynamic cell culture system to recapitulate the microenvironment of prostate cancer bone metastasis, to understand the cause of modulation in cell response under fluid-derived shear stress. We observed an increased human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) proliferation and differentiation rate under dynamic culture. We observed that hMSCs under static culture form cell agglutinates, whereas under dynamic culture, hMSCs exhibited a directional alignment with broad and flattened morphology. Next, we observed increased expression of mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) biomarkers in bone metastasized prostate cancer models as well as large changes in cellular and tumoroid morphologies with shear stress. Evaluation of cell adhesion proteins indicated that the altered cancer cell morphologies resulted from the constant force pulling due to increased E-Cadherin and phosphorylated Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) proteins under shear stress. Collectively, we have successfully developed a 3D in-vitro dynamic model to recapitulate the behavior of bone metastatic prostate cancer under dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneesh Jasuja
- North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, UNITED STATES
| | - Sumanta Kar
- North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108-6050, UNITED STATES
| | - Dinesh R Katti
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108-6050, UNITED STATES
| | - Kalpana Katti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 14th Ave N, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, UNITED STATES
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12
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Dutta SD, Hexiu J, Patel DK, Ganguly K, Lim KT. 3D-printed bioactive and biodegradable hydrogel scaffolds of alginate/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:644-658. [PMID: 33285198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 3D-printed hybrid biodegradable hydrogels composed of alginate, gelatin, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared to provide a favorable environment for cell proliferation, adhesion, nutrients exchange, and matrix mineralization for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. The hybrid scaffolds exhibited enhanced mechanical strength compared to the pure polymer scaffolds. The biocompatibility, differentiation potential, and bone regeneration potential of the printed scaffolds were evaluated by DAPI staining, live-dead assay, alizarin Red-S (ARS) staining, real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and μCT analysis, respectively. Enhanced cell proliferation has occurred 1% CNC/Alg/Gel scaffolds compared to the control. The cells were adequately adhered to the scaffold and exhibited the flattened structure. Improved mineralization was observed in the 1% CNC/Alg/Gel scaffolds' presence than the control, showing their mineralization efficiency. A significant enhancement in the expression of osteogenic-specific gene markers (Runx2, ALP, BMP-2, OCN, OPN, BSP, and COL1) has occurred with 1% CNC/Alg/Gel than the control, indicating their osteogenic potential. Furthermore, enhanced bone formation was observed in the scaffolds treated groups than the control in the calvaria critical-sized defects (CCD-1) model, suggesting their improved bone regeneration potential. Therefore, the fabricated scaffolds have the potential to explore as a biomaterial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hexiu
- Department of Plastic and Traumatic Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Chow T, Wutami I, Lucarelli E, Choong PF, Duchi S, Di Bella C. Creating In Vitro Three-Dimensional Tumor Models: A Guide for the Biofabrication of a Primary Osteosarcoma Model. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:514-529. [PMID: 33138724 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive primary bone tumor. The mainstay for its treatment is multiagent chemotherapy and surgical resection, with a 50-70% 5-year survival rate. Despite the huge effort made by clinicians and researchers in the past 30 years, limited progress has been made to improve patient outcomes. As novel therapeutic approaches for OS become available, such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, and immunotherapies, the need for OS preclinical model development becomes equally pressing. Three-dimensional (3D) OS models represent an alternative system to study this tumor: In contrast to two-dimensional monolayers, 3D matrices can recapitulate key elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as the cellular interaction with the bone mineralized matrix. The advancement of tissue engineering and biofabrication techniques enables the incorporation of specific TME aspects into 3D models, to investigate the contribution of individual components to tumor progression and enhance understanding of basic OS biology. The use of biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix could also facilitate the testing of drugs targeting the TME itself, allowing a larger range of therapeutics to be tested, while averting the ethical implications and high cost associated with in vivo preclinical models. This review aims at serving as a practical guide by delineating the OS TME ("what it is like") and, in turn, propose various biofabrication strategies to create a 3D model ("how to recreate it"), to improve the in vitro representation of the OS tumor and ultimately generate more accurate drug response profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chow
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Ilycia Wutami
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter F Choong
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
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14
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Molina ER, Chim LK, Barrios S, Ludwig JA, Mikos AG. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Pathogenic Signaling in Bone Sarcoma. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:249-271. [PMID: 32057288 PMCID: PMC7310212 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of cancer biology and screening of potential therapeutics for efficacy and safety begin in the preclinical laboratory setting. A staple of most basic research in cancer involves the use of tissue culture plates, on which immortalized cell lines are grown in monolayers. However, this practice has been in use for over six decades and does not account for vital elements of the tumor microenvironment that are thought to aid in initiation, propagation, and ultimately, metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, information gleaned from these techniques does not always translate to animal models or, more crucially, clinical trials in cancer patients. Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) are the most common primary tumors of bone, but outcomes for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease have stagnated in recent decades. The unique elements of the bone tumor microenvironment have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of these tumors and thus should be incorporated in the preclinical models of these diseases. In recent years, the field of tissue engineering has leveraged techniques used in designing scaffolds for regenerative medicine to engineer preclinical tumor models that incorporate spatiotemporal control of physical and biological elements. We herein review the clinical aspects of OS and ES, critical elements present in the sarcoma microenvironment, and engineering approaches to model the bone tumor microenvironment. Impact statement The current paradigm of cancer biology investigation and therapeutic testing relies heavily on monolayer, monoculture methods developed over half a century ago. However, these methods often lack essential hallmarks of the cancer microenvironment that contribute to tumor pathogenesis. Tissue engineers incorporate scaffolds, mechanical forces, cells, and bioactive signals into biological environments to drive cell phenotype. Investigators of bone sarcomas, aggressive tumors that often rob patients of decades of life, have begun to use tissue engineering techniques to devise in vitro models for these diseases. Their efforts highlight how critical elements of the cancer microenvironment directly affect tumor signaling and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Letitia K. Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergio Barrios
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph A. Ludwig
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
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15
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Roy V, Magne B, Vaillancourt-Audet M, Blais M, Chabaud S, Grammond E, Piquet L, Fradette J, Laverdière I, Moulin VJ, Landreville S, Germain L, Auger FA, Gros-Louis F, Bolduc S. Human Organ-Specific 3D Cancer Models Produced by the Stromal Self-Assembly Method of Tissue Engineering for the Study of Solid Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6051210. [PMID: 32352002 PMCID: PMC7178531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research has considerably progressed with the improvement of in vitro study models, helping to understand the key role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and progression. Over the last few years, complex 3D human cell culture systems have gained much popularity over in vivo models, as they accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment and allow high-throughput drug screening. Of particular interest, in vitrohuman 3D tissue constructs, produced by the self-assembly method of tissue engineering, have been successfully used to model the tumor microenvironment and now represent a very promising approach to further develop diverse cancer models. In this review, we describe the importance of the tumor microenvironment and present the existing in vitro cancer models generated through the self-assembly method of tissue engineering. Lastly, we highlight the relevance of this approach to mimic various and complex tumors, including basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous neurofibroma, skin melanoma, bladder cancer, and uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Roy
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Vaillancourt-Audet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Blais
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Emil Grammond
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laverdière
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval and CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique J. Moulin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François A. Auger
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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16
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Kim J, McKee JA, Fontenot JJ, Jung JP. Engineering Tissue Fabrication With Machine Intelligence: Generating a Blueprint for Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:443. [PMID: 31998708 PMCID: PMC6967031 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerating lost or damaged tissue is the primary goal of Tissue Engineering. 3D bioprinting technologies have been widely applied in many research areas of tissue regeneration and disease modeling with unprecedented spatial resolution and tissue-like complexity. However, the extraction of tissue architecture and the generation of high-resolution blueprints are challenging tasks for tissue regeneration. Traditionally, such spatial information is obtained from a collection of microscopic images and then combined together to visualize regions of interest. To fabricate such engineered tissues, rendered microscopic images are transformed to code to inform a 3D bioprinting process. If this process is augmented with data-driven approaches and streamlined with machine intelligence, identification of an optimal blueprint can become an achievable task for functional tissue regeneration. In this review, our perspective is guided by an emerging paradigm to generate a blueprint for regeneration with machine intelligence. First, we reviewed recent articles with respect to our perspective for machine intelligence-driven information retrieval and fabrication. After briefly introducing recent trends in information retrieval methods from publicly available data, our discussion is focused on recent works that use machine intelligence to discover tissue architectures from imaging and spectral data. Then, our focus is on utilizing optimization approaches to increase print fidelity and enhance biomimicry with machine learning (ML) strategies to acquire a blueprint ready for 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Kim
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jane A. McKee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jake J. Fontenot
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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17
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Xin Y, Chen X, Tang X, Li K, Yang M, Tai WCS, Liu Y, Tan Y. Mechanics and Actomyosin-Dependent Survival/Chemoresistance of Suspended Tumor Cells in Shear Flow. Biophys J 2019; 116:1803-1814. [PMID: 31076101 PMCID: PMC6531788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells disseminate to distant organs mainly through blood circulation in which they experience considerable levels of fluid shear stress. However, the effects of hemodynamic shear stress on biophysical properties and functions of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in suspension are not fully understood. In this study, we found that the majority of suspended breast tumor cells could be eliminated by fluid shear stress, whereas cancer stem cells held survival advantages over conventional cancer cells. Compared to untreated cells, tumor cells surviving shear stress exhibited unique biophysical properties: 1) cell adhesion was significantly retarded, 2) these cells exhibited elongated morphology and enhanced spreading and expressed genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition or hybrid phenotype, and 3) surviving tumor cells showed reduced F-actin assembly and stiffness. Importantly, inhibiting actomyosin activity promoted the survival of suspended tumor cells in fluid shear stress, whereas activating actomyosin suppressed cell survival, which might be explained by the up- and downregulation of the antiapoptosis genes. Soft surviving tumor cells held survival advantages in shear flow and higher resistance to chemotherapy. Inhibiting actomyosin activity in untreated cells enhanced chemoresistance, whereas activating actomyosin in surviving tumor cells suppressed this ability. These findings might be associated with the corresponding changes in the genes related to multidrug resistance. In summary, these data demonstrate that hemodynamic shear stress significantly influences biophysical properties and functions of suspended tumor cells. Our study unveils the regulatory roles of actomyosin in the survival and drug resistance of suspended tumor cells in hemodynamic shear flow, which suggest the importance of fluid shear stress and actomyosin activity in tumor metastasis. These findings may reveal a new, to our knowledge, mechanism by which CTCs are able to survive hemodynamic shear stress and chemotherapy and may offer a new potential strategy to target CTCs in shear flow and combat chemoresistance through actomyosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keming Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Youhua Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Dynamic in vitro models for tumor tissue engineering. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:178-185. [PMID: 30763717 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer research uses in vitro studies for controllable analysis of tumor behavior and preclinical testing of therapeutics. Shortcomings of basic cell culture systems in recreating in vivo interactions have driven the development of more efficient and biomimetic in vitro environments for cancer research. Assimilation of certain developments in tissue engineering will accelerate and improve the design of these environments. With the continual improvement of the tumor engineering field, the next step is towards macroscopic systems such as scaffold-supported, flow-perfused macroscale tumor bioreactors. Surface modifications of synthetic scaffolds allow for targeted cell adhesion and improved ECM development. Flow perfusion has emerged as means to expose cancerous tissues to critical biomechanical forces for tumor progression while simultaneously improving nutrient and waste transport. Macroscale perfusable systems allow for non-destructive real-time monitoring using biosensors capable of improving understanding of in vitro tumor development at reduced cost and waste. The combination of macroscale perfusable systems, surface-modified synthetic scaffolds, and non-destructive real-time monitoring will provide advanced platforms for in vitro modeling of tumor development, with broad applications in basic tumor research and preclinical drug development.
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19
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Chramiec A, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Tissue engineered models of healthy and malignant human bone marrow. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:78-92. [PMID: 31002835 PMCID: PMC6663611 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is becoming increasingly successful in providing in vitro models of human tissues that can be used for ex vivo recapitulation of functional tissues as well as predictive testing of drug efficacy and safety. From simple tissue models to microphysiological platforms comprising multiple tissue types connected by vascular perfusion, these "tissues on a chip" are emerging as a fast track application for tissue engineering, with great potential for modeling diseases and supporting the development of new drugs and therapeutic targets. We focus here on tissue engineering of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment and the malignancies that can develop in the human bone marrow. Our overall goal is to demonstrate the utility and interconnectedness of improvements in bioengineering methods developed in one area of bone marrow studies for the remaining, seemingly disparate, bone marrow fields.
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20
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Bittner SM, Guo JL, Melchiorri A, Mikos AG. Three-dimensional Printing of Multilayered Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2018; 21:861-874. [PMID: 30450010 PMCID: PMC6233733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has produced new therapies for the repair of damaged tissues and organs, utilizing biomimetic scaffolds that mirror the mechanical and biological properties of host tissue. The emergence of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies has enabled the fabrication of highly complex scaffolds which offer a more accurate replication of native tissue properties and architecture than previously possible. Of strong interest to tissue engineers is the construction of multilayered scaffolds that target distinct regions of complex tissues. Musculoskeletal and dental tissues in particular, such as the osteochondral unit and periodontal complex, are composed of multiple interfacing tissue types, and thus benefit from the usage of multilayered scaffold fabrication. Traditional 3DP technologies such as extrusion printing and selective laser sintering have been used for the construction of scaffolds with gradient architectures and mixed material compositions. Additionally, emerging bioprinting strategies have been used for the direct printing and spatial patterning of cells and chemical factors, capturing the complex organization found in the body. To better replicate the varied and gradated properties of larger tissues, researchers have created scaffolds composed of multiple materials spanning natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics. By utilizing high precision 3DP techniques and judicious material selection, scaffolds can thus be designed to address the regeneration of previously challenging musculoskeletal, dental, and other heterogeneous target tissues. These multilayered 3DP strategies show great promise in the future of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bittner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
| | - Jason L Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Anthony Melchiorri
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
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21
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Chim LK, Mikos AG. Biomechanical forces in tissue engineered tumor models. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 6:42-50. [PMID: 30276358 PMCID: PMC6162057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex three-dimensional (3D) networks of cancer and stromal cells within a dynamic extracellular matrix. Monolayer cultures fail to recapitulate the native microenvironment and therefore are poor candidates for pre-clinical drug studies and studying pathways in cancer. The tissue engineering toolkit allows us to make models that better recapitulate the 3D architecture present in tumors. Moreover, the role of the mechanical microenvironment, including matrix stiffness and shear stress from fluid flow, is known to contribute to cancer progression and drug resistance. We review recent developments in tissue engineered tumor models with a focus on the role of the biomechanical forces and propose future considerations to implement to improve physiological relevance of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia K Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street MS-142, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street MS-142, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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22
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Belgodere JA, King CT, Bursavich JB, Burow ME, Martin EC, Jung JP. Engineering Breast Cancer Microenvironments and 3D Bioprinting. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:66. [PMID: 29881724 PMCID: PMC5978274 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical cue to direct tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although two-dimensional (2D) culture models have been widely employed to understand breast cancer microenvironments over the past several decades, the 2D models still exhibit limited success. Overwhelming evidence supports that three dimensional (3D), physiologically relevant culture models are required to better understand cancer progression and develop more effective treatment. Such platforms should include cancer-specific architectures, relevant physicochemical signals, stromal-cancer cell interactions, immune components, vascular components, and cell-ECM interactions found in patient tumors. This review briefly summarizes how cancer microenvironments (stromal component, cell-ECM interactions, and molecular modulators) are defined and what emerging technologies (perfusable scaffold, tumor stiffness, supporting cells within tumors and complex patterning) can be utilized to better mimic native-like breast cancer microenvironments. Furthermore, this review emphasizes biophysical properties that differ between primary tumor ECM and tissue sites of metastatic lesions with a focus on matrix modulation of cancer stem cells, providing a rationale for investigation of underexplored ECM proteins that could alter patient prognosis. To engineer breast cancer microenvironments, we categorized technologies into two groups: (1) biochemical factors modulating breast cancer cell-ECM interactions and (2) 3D bioprinting methods and its applications to model breast cancer microenvironments. Biochemical factors include matrix-associated proteins, soluble factors, ECMs, and synthetic biomaterials. For the application of 3D bioprinting, we discuss the transition of 2D patterning to 3D scaffolding with various bioprinting technologies to implement biophysical cues to model breast cancer microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Belgodere
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Connor T. King
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacob B. Bursavich
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Fischbach C, Reagan M. Editorial: Special Issue on Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Approaches to Tumor Modeling. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:291-293. [PMID: 33418727 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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