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Bisarya A, Karim S, Narjinari H, Banerjee A, Arora V, Dhole S, Dutta A, Kumar A. Production of hydrogen from alcohols via homogeneous catalytic transformations mediated by molecular transition-metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4148-4169. [PMID: 38563372 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen obtained from renewable sources such as water and alcohols is regarded as an efficient clean-burning alternative to non-renewable fuels. The use of the so-called bio-H2 regardless of its colour will be a significant step towards achieving global net-zero carbon goals. Challenges still persist however with conventional H2 storage, which include low-storage density and high cost of transportation apart from safety concerns. Global efforts have thus focussed on liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), which have shown excellent potential for H2 storage while allowing safer large-scale transformation and easy on-site H2 generation. While water could be considered as the most convenient liquid inorganic hydrogen carrier (LIHC) on a long-term basis, the utilization of alcohols as LOHCs to generate on-demand H2 has tasted instant success. This has helped to draw a road-map of futuristic H2 storage and transportation. The current review brings to the fore the state-of-the-art developments in hydrogen generation from readily available, feed-agnostic bio-alcohols as LOHCs using molecular transition-metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshara Bisarya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Suhana Karim
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- National Centre of Excellence CCU, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- National Centre of Excellence CCU, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Sunil Dhole
- ChemDist Group of Companies, Plot No 144 A, Sector 7, PCNTDA, Bhosari Pune - 411026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- National Centre of Excellence CCU, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Science & Technology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
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2
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Kasemthaveechok S, Gérardo P, von Wolff N. Merging electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation with C-N bond formation by electrifying metal-ligand cooperative catalysts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13437-13445. [PMID: 38033911 PMCID: PMC10685316 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrification of thermal chemical processes could play an important role in creating a more energy efficient chemical sector. Here we demonstrate that a range of MLC catalysts can be successfully electrified and used for imine formation from alcohol precursors, thus demonstrating the first example of molecular electrocatalytic C-N bond formation.This novel concept allowed energy efficiency to be increased by an order of magnitude compared to thermal catalysis. Molecular EAO and the electrification of homogeneous catalysts can thus contribute to current efforts for the electrocatalytic generation of C-N bonds from simple building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Gérardo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité/CNRS UMR8601 F-75006 Paris France
| | - Niklas von Wolff
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité/CNRS UMR7591 F-75013 Paris France
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3
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Sahoo ST, Mohanty A, Sharma R, Daw P. A switchable route for selective transformation of ethylene glycol to hydrogen and glycolic acid using a bifunctional ruthenium catalyst. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15343-15347. [PMID: 37432662 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The developed bifunctional NNN-Ru complex features a high catalytic efficiency for the selective production of hydrogen and glycolic acid from ethylene glycol under mild reaction conditions, where a TON of 6395 was achieved. Tuning the reaction conditions afforded further dehydrogenation of the organic substrate with higher hydrogen production, and a higher TON of 25 225 was attained. The scale-up reaction yielded 1230 mL of pure hydrogen gas under the optimized reaction conditions. The role of the bifunctional catalyst was studied and mechanistic investigations were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satabdee Tanaya Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, (Govt. ITI Building), Engg. School Junction, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India.
| | - Aisa Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, (Govt. ITI Building), Engg. School Junction, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India.
| | - Raju Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, (Govt. ITI Building), Engg. School Junction, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India.
| | - Prosenjit Daw
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, (Govt. ITI Building), Engg. School Junction, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India.
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4
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Franco LR, Toledo KCF, Matias TA, Araujo CM, Araki K, Coutinho K. Theoretical investigation of solvent and oxidation/deprotonation effects on the electronic structure of a mononuclear Ru-aqua-polypyridine complex in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24475-24494. [PMID: 37655780 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02154h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear polypyridine ruthenium (Ru) complexes can catalyze various reactions, including water splitting, and can also serve as photosensitizers in solar cells. Despite recent progress in their synthesis, accurately modeling their physicochemical properties, particularly in solution, remains challenging. Herein, we conduct a theoretical investigation of the structural and electronic properties of a mononuclear Ru-aqua polypyridine complex in aqueous solution, considering five of its possible oxidation/protonation states species: [RuII(H2O)(py)(bpy)2]2+, [RuII(OH)(py)(bpy)2]+, [RuIII(H2O)(py)(bpy)2]3+, [RuIII(OH)(py)(bpy)2]2+ and [RuIV(O)(py)(bpy)2]2+, where py = pyridine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine. At first, we investigate the impact of proton-coupled and non-coupled electron transfer reactions on the geometry and electronic structure of the complexes in vacuum and in solution, using an implicit solvent model. Then, using a sequential multiscale approach that combines quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (S-QM/MM), we examine the explicit solvent effects on the electronic excitations of the complexes, and compare them with the experimental results. The complexes were synthesized, and their absorption spectra measured in aqueous solution. To accurately describe the QM interactions between the metal center and the aqueous ligand in the MM simulations, we developed new force field parameters for the Ru atom. We analyze the solvent structure around the complexes and account for its explicit influence on the polarization and electronic excitations of the complexes. Notably, accounting for the explicit solvent polarization effects of the first solvation shells is essential to correctly describe the energy of the electronic transitions, and the explicit treatment of the hydrogen bonds at the QM level in the excitation calculations improves the accuracy of the description of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer bands. Transition density matrix analysis is used to characterize all electronic transitions in the visible and ultraviolet ranges according to their charge-transfer (CT) character. This study elucidates the electronic structure of those ruthenium polypyridyl complexes in aqueous solution and underscores the importance of precisely describing solvent effects, which can be achieved employing the S-QM/MM method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Rezende Franco
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden.
| | | | - Tiago Araujo Matias
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Butanta, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Moyses Araujo
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden.
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koiti Araki
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Butanta, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Hu X, Zhao X, Lv X, Wu YB, Bu Y, Lu G. Ab Initio Metadynamics Simulations of Hexafluoroisopropanol Solvent Effects: Synergistic Role of Solvent H-Bonding Networks and Solvent-Solute C-H/π Interactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203879. [PMID: 36575142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The solvent effects in Friedel-Crafts cycloalkylation of epoxides and Cope rearrangement of aldimines were investigated by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Explicit molecular treatments were applied for both reactants and solvents. The reaction mechanisms were elucidated via free energy calculations based on metadynamics simulations. The results reveal that both reactions proceed in a concerted fashion. Key solvent-substrate interactions are identified from the structures of transition states with explicit solvent molecules. The remarkable promotion effect of hexafluoroisopropanol solvent is ascribed to the synergistic effect of H-bonding networks and C-H/π interactions with substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiangying Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Lab for Materials of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, and Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
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6
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Head M, Joseph BT, Keith JM, Chianese AR. The Mechanism of Markovnikov-Selective Epoxide Hydrogenolysis Catalyzed by Ruthenium PNN and PNP Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2023; 42:347-356. [PMID: 36937786 PMCID: PMC10015984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The homogeneous catalysis of epoxide hydrogenolysis to give alcohols has recently received significant attention. Catalyst systems have been developed for the selective formation of either the Markovnikov (branched) or anti-Markovnikov (linear) alcohol product. Thus far, the reported catalysts exhibiting Markovnikov selectivity all feature the potential for Noyori/Shvo-type bifunctional catalysis, with either a RuH/NH or FeH/OH core structure. The proposed mechanisms of epoxide ring-opening have involved cooperative C-O bond hydrogenolysis involving the metal hydride and the acidic pendant group on the ligand, in analogy to the well-documented mechanism of polar double-bond hydrogenation exhibited by catalysts of this type. In this work, we present a combined computational/experimental study of the mechanism of epoxide hydrogenolysis catalyzed by Noyori-type PNP and PNN complexes of ruthenium. We find that, at least for these ruthenium systems, the previously proposed bifunctional pathway for epoxide ring-opening is energetically inaccessible; instead, the ring-opening proceeds through opposite-side nucleophilic attack of the ruthenium hydride on the epoxide carbon, without the involvement of the ligand N-H group. For both catalyst systems, the rate law and overall barrier predicted by density functional theory (DFT) are consistent with the results from kinetic studies.
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7
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Arora V, Yasmin E, Tanwar N, Hathwar VR, Wagh T, Dhole S, Kumar A. Pincer–Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reforming of Methanol─Selective High-Yield Production of Formic Acid and Hydrogen. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Eileen Yasmin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Niharika Tanwar
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Tushar Wagh
- ChemDist Group of Companies, Plot No 144 A, Sector 7, PCNTDA Bhosari Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411026, India
| | - Sunil Dhole
- ChemDist Group of Companies, Plot No 144 A, Sector 7, PCNTDA Bhosari Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411026, India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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8
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Single-layered fluorinated graphene nanopores for H2/CH4 and H2/CO2 separation with high efficiency and selectivity. J Mol Model 2022; 28:403. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Tocqueville D, Crisanti F, Guerrero J, Nubret E, Robert M, Milstein D, von Wolff N. Electrification of a Milstein-type catalyst for alcohol reformation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13220-13224. [PMID: 36425491 PMCID: PMC9667915 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel energy and atom efficiency processes will be keys to develop the sustainable chemical industry of the future. Electrification could play an important role, by allowing to fine-tune energy input and using the ideal redox agent: the electron. Here we demonstrate that a commercially available Milstein ruthenium catalyst (1) can be used to promote the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol to ethyl acetate and acetate, thus demonstrating the four electron oxidation under preparative conditions. Cyclic voltammetry and DFT-calculations are used to devise a possible catalytic cycle based on a thermal chemical step generating the key hydride intermediate. Successful electrification of Milstein-type catalysts opens a pathway to use alcohols as a renewable feedstock for the generation of esters and other key building blocks in organic chemistry, thus contributing to increase energy efficiency in organic redox chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Tocqueville
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS Paris F-75006 France
| | - Francesco Crisanti
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS Paris F-75006 France
| | - Julian Guerrero
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS Paris F-75006 France
| | - Esther Nubret
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS Paris F-75006 France
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS Paris F-75006 France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris F-75005 France
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Niklas von Wolff
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS Paris F-75006 France
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10
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Krieger AM, Sinha V, Li G, Pidko EA. Solvent-Assisted Ketone Reduction by a Homogeneous Mn Catalyst. Organometallics 2022; 41:1829-1835. [PMID: 35910260 PMCID: PMC9326964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The choice of a solvent
and the reaction conditions often defines
the overall behavior of a homogeneous catalytic system by affecting
the preferred reaction mechanism and thus the activity and selectivity
of the catalytic process. Here, we explore the role of solvation in
the mechanism of ketone reduction using a model representative of
a bifunctional Mn-diamine catalyst through density functional theory
calculations in a microsolvated environment by considering explicit
solvent and fully solvated ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
for the key elementary steps. Our computational analysis reveals the
possibility of a Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) type
mechanism in this system, which does not involve the participation
of the N–H moiety and the formation of a transition-metal hydride
species in ketone conversion. This path was not previously considered
for Mn-based metal–ligand cooperative transfer hydrogenation
homogeneous catalysis. The MPV mechanism is strongly facilitated by
the solvent molecules present in the reaction environment and can
potentially contribute to the catalytic performance of other related
catalyst systems. Calculations indicate that, despite proceeding effectively
in the second coordination sphere of the transition-metal center,
the MPV reaction path retains the enantioselectivity preference induced
by the presence of the small chiral N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine ligand within the catalytic
Mn(I) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M. Krieger
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guanna Li
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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11
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Sinha V, Khramenkova E, Pidko EA. Solvent-mediated outer-sphere CO 2 electro-reduction mechanism over the Ag111 surface. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3803-3808. [PMID: 35432905 PMCID: PMC8966634 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the key technologies of the clean energy economy. Molecular-level understanding of the CO2RR process is instrumental for the better design of electrodes operable at low overpotentials with high current density. The catalytic mechanism underlying the turnover and selectivity of the CO2RR is modulated by the nature of the electrocatalyst, as well as the electrolyte liquid, and its ionic components that form the electrical double layer (EDL). Herein we demonstrate the critical non-innocent role of the EDL for the activation and conversion of CO2 at a high cathodic bias for electrocatalytic conversion over a silver surface as a representative low-cost model cathode. By using a multiscale modeling approach we demonstrate that under such conditions a dense EDL is formed, which hinders the diffusion of CO2 towards the Ag111 electrocatalyst surface. By combining DFT calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations we identify favorable pathways for CO2 reduction directly over the EDL without the need for adsorption to the catalyst surface. The dense EDL promotes homogeneous phase reduction of CO2via electron transfer from the surface to the electrolyte. Such an outer-sphere mechanism favors the formation of formate as the CO2RR product. The formate can undergo dehydration to CO via a transition state stabilized by solvated alkali cations in the EDL. In addition to the commonly accepted inner-sphere mechanism for e− transfer, we show that an outer-sphere electron transfer from the cathode to CO2 is operable at high overpotentials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sinha
- Inorganic Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands
| | - Elena Khramenkova
- Inorganic Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands
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12
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de Zwart FJ, Sinha V, Trincado M, Grützmacher H, de Bruin B. Computational mechanistic studies of ruthenium catalysed methanol dehydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3019-3026. [PMID: 35079760 PMCID: PMC8862544 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous ruthenium catalysed methanol dehydrogenation could become a key reaction for hydrogen production in liquid fuel cells. In order to improve existing catalytic systems, mechanistic insight is paramount in directing future studies. Herein, we describe what computational mechanistic research has taught us so far about ruthenium catalysed dehydrogenation reactions. In general, two mechanistic pathways can be operative in these reactions: a metal-centered or a metal-ligand cooperative (Noyori-Morris type) minimum energy reaction pathway (MERP). Discerning between these mechanisms on the basis of computational studies has proven to be highly input dependent, and to circumvent pitfalls it is important to consider several factors, such as solvent effects, metal-ligand cooperativity, alternative geometries, and complex electronic structures of metal centres. This Frontiers article summarizes the reported computational research performed on ruthenium catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions performed in the past decade, and serves as a guide for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J de Zwart
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Inorganic Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Monica Trincado
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Small-Pore Zeolite Membranes: A Review of Gas Separation Applications and Membrane Preparation. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been significant advancements in small-pore zeolite membranes in recent years. With pore size closely related to many energy- or environment-related gas molecules, small-pore zeolite membranes have demonstrated great potential for the separation of some interested gas pairs, such as CO2/CH4, CO2/N2 and N2/CH4. Small-pore zeolite membranes share some characteristics but also have distinctive differences depending on their framework, structure and zeolite chemistry. Through this mini review, the separation performance of different types of zeolite membranes with respect to interested gas pairs will be compared. We aim to give readers an idea of membrane separation status. A few representative synthesis conditions are arbitrarily chosen and summarized, along with the corresponding separation performance. This review can be used as a quick reference with respect to the influence of synthesis conditions on membrane quality. At the end, some general findings and perspectives will be discussed.
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14
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Wang Q, Lan J, Liang R, Xia Y, Qin L, Chung LW, Zheng Z. New Tricks for an Old Dog: Grubbs Catalysts Enable Efficient Hydrogen Production from Aqueous-Phase Methanol Reforming. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jialing Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yihao Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Chirdon DN, Kelley SP, Hazari N, Bernskoetter WH. Comparative Coordination Chemistry of PNP and SNS Pincer Ruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Chirdon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Wesley H. Bernskoetter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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16
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Norjmaa G, Ujaque G, Lledós A. Beyond Continuum Solvent Models in Computational Homogeneous Catalysis. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn homogeneous catalysis solvent is an inherent part of the catalytic system. As such, it must be considered in the computational modeling. The most common approach to include solvent effects in quantum mechanical calculations is by means of continuum solvent models. When they are properly used, average solvent effects are efficiently captured, mainly those related with solvent polarity. However, neglecting atomistic description of solvent molecules has its limitations, and continuum solvent models all alone cannot be applied to whatever situation. In many cases, inclusion of explicit solvent molecules in the quantum mechanical description of the system is mandatory. The purpose of this article is to highlight through selected examples what are the reasons that urge to go beyond the continuum models to the employment of micro-solvated (cluster-continuum) of fully explicit solvent models, in this way setting the limits of continuum solvent models in computational homogeneous catalysis. These examples showcase that inclusion of solvent molecules in the calculation not only can improve the description of already known mechanisms but can yield new mechanistic views of a reaction. With the aim of systematizing the use of explicit solvent models, after discussing the success and limitations of continuum solvent models, issues related with solvent coordination and solvent dynamics, solvent effects in reactions involving small, charged species, as well as reactions in protic solvents and the role of solvent as reagent itself are successively considered.
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17
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Das M, Gogoi AR, Sunoj RB. Molecular Insights on Solvent Effects in Organic Reactions as Obtained through Computational Chemistry Tools. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1630-1640. [PMID: 34752092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular understanding of the role of protic solvents in a gamut of organic transformations can be developed using density functional and ab initio computational studies focused on the reaction mechanism. Inclusion of explicit solvent molecules in the vital TSs has been proven to be valuable toward improving the energetic estimates of organocatalytic as well as transition-metal-catalyzed organic reactions. Herein, we provide an overview of the importance of an explicit-implicit solvation model using a number of interesting examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Achyut Ranjan Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Dub
- Chemistry Division Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
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19
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Trincado M, Bösken J, Grützmacher H. Homogeneously catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols: A progress report. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Wolff N, Rivada‐Wheelaghan O, Tocqueville D. Molecular Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Carbonyls and Dehydrogenation of Alcohols. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Wolff
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Moléculaire Université de Paris, CNRS F-75006 Paris France
| | | | - Damien Tocqueville
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Moléculaire Université de Paris, CNRS F-75006 Paris France
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21
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Shen X, Wang W, Wang Q, Liu J, Huang F, Sun C, Yang C, Chen D. Mechanism of iron complexes catalyzed in the N-formylation of amines with CO 2 and H 2: the superior performance of N-H ligand methylated complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16675-16689. [PMID: 34337631 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CO2 hydrogenation into value-added chemicals not only offer an economically beneficial outlet but also help reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Herein, the density functional theory (DFT) studies have been carried out on CO2 hydrogenation reaction for formamide production catalyzed by two different N-H ligand types of PNP iron catalysts. The results suggest that the whole mechanistic pathway has three parts: (i) precatalyst activation, (ii) hydrogenation of CO2 to generate formic acid (HCOOH), and (iii) amine thermal condensation to formamide with HCOOH. The lower turnover number (TON) of a bifunctional catalyst system in hydrogenating CO2 may attribute to the facile side-reaction between CO2 and bifunctional catalyst, which inhibits the generation of active species. Regarding the bifunctional catalyst system addressed in this work, we proposed a ligand participated mechanism due to the low pKa of the ligand N-H functional in the associated stage in the catalytic cycle. Remarkably, catalysts without the N-H ligand exhibit the significant transfer hydrogenation through the metal centered mechanism. Due to the excellent catalytic nature of the N-H ligand methylated catalyst, the N-H bond was not necessary for stabilizing the intermediate. Therefore, we confirmed that N-H ligand methylated catalysts allow for an efficient CO2 hydrogenation reaction compared to the bifunctional catalysts. Furthermore, the influence of Lewis acid and strong base on catalytic N-formylation were considered. Both significantly impact the catalytic performance. Moreover, the catalytic activity of PNMeP-based Mn, Fe and Ru complexes for CO2 hydrogenation to formamides was explored as well. The energetic span of Fe and Mn catalysts are much closer to the precious metal Ru, which indicates that such non-precious metal catalysts have potentially valuable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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22
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Abstract
Computational methods have emerged as a powerful tool to augment traditional experimental molecular catalyst design by providing useful predictions of catalyst performance and decreasing the time needed for catalyst screening. In this perspective, we discuss three approaches for computational molecular catalyst design: (i) the reaction mechanism-based approach that calculates all relevant elementary steps, finds the rate and selectivity determining steps, and ultimately makes predictions on catalyst performance based on kinetic analysis, (ii) the descriptor-based approach where physical/chemical considerations are used to find molecular properties as predictors of catalyst performance, and (iii) the data-driven approach where statistical analysis as well as machine learning (ML) methods are used to obtain relationships between available data/features and catalyst performance. Following an introduction to these approaches, we cover their strengths and weaknesses and highlight some recent key applications. Furthermore, we present an outlook on how the currently applied approaches may evolve in the near future by addressing how recent developments in building automated computational workflows and implementing advanced ML models hold promise for reducing human workload, eliminating human bias, and speeding up computational catalyst design at the same time. Finally, we provide our viewpoint on how some of the challenges associated with the up-and-coming approaches driven by automation and ML may be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Soyemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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23
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Kaithal A, Werlé C, Leitner W. Alcohol-Assisted Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide to Methanol Using Molecular Manganese Catalysts. JACS AU 2021; 1:130-136. [PMID: 34467278 PMCID: PMC8395606 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-assisted hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (CO) to methanol was achieved using homogeneous molecular complexes. The molecular manganese complex [Mn(CO)2Br[HN(C2H4P i Pr2)2]] ([HN(C2H4P i Pr2)2] = MACHO- i Pr) revealed the best performance, reaching up to turnover number = 4023 and turnover frequency 857 h-1 in EtOH/toluene as solvent under optimized conditions (T = 150 °C, p(CO/H2) = 5/50 bar, t = 8-12 h). Control experiments affirmed that the reaction proceeds via formate ester as the intermediate, whereby a catalytic amount of base was found to be sufficient to mediate its formation from CO and the alcohol in situ. Selectivity for methanol formation reached >99% with no accumulation of the formate ester. The reaction was demonstrated to work with methanol as the alcohol component, resulting in a reactive system that allows catalytic "breeding" of methanol without any coreagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kaithal
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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24
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Zou YQ, von Wolff N, Rauch M, Feller M, Zhou QQ, Anaby A, Diskin-Posner Y, Shimon LJW, Avram L, Ben-David Y, Milstein D. Homogeneous Reforming of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol to Glycolic Acid and Pure Hydrogen Catalyzed by Pincer-Ruthenium Complexes Capable of Metal-Ligand Cooperation. Chemistry 2021; 27:4715-4722. [PMID: 33369774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycolic acid is a useful and important α-hydroxy acid that has broad applications. Herein, the homogeneous ruthenium catalyzed reforming of aqueous ethylene glycol to generate glycolic acid as well as pure hydrogen gas, without concomitant CO2 emission, is reported. This approach provides a clean and sustainable direction to glycolic acid and hydrogen, based on inexpensive, readily available, and renewable ethylene glycol using 0.5 mol % of catalyst. In-depth mechanistic experimental and computational studies highlight key aspects of the PNNH-ligand framework involved in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Zou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Niklas von Wolff
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Present address: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Michael Rauch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Moran Feller
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Quan-Quan Zhou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aviel Anaby
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yehoshoa Ben-David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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25
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Sinha V, Laan JJ, Pidko EA. Accurate and rapid prediction of pKa of transition metal complexes: semiempirical quantum chemistry with a data-augmented approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2557-2567. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Data-augmented high-throughput QM approach to compute pKa of transition metal hydride complexes with hDFT accuracy and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sinha
- Inorganic Systems Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
| | - Jochem J. Laan
- Inorganic Systems Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
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26
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Bai ST, De Smet G, Liao Y, Sun R, Zhou C, Beller M, Maes BUW, Sels BF. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol under mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4259-4298. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01331e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the concepts, mechanisms, drawbacks and challenges of the state-of-the-art catalysis for CO2 to MeOH under mild conditions. Thoughtful guidelines and principles for future research are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Tao Bai
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Gilles De Smet
- Division of Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Yuhe Liao
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Ruiyan Sun
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | | | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Division of Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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27
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Chatterjee B, Chang W, Werlé C. Molecularly Controlled Catalysis – Targeting Synergies Between Local and Non‐local Environments. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basujit Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Wei‐Chieh Chang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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28
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Govindarajan N, Beks H, Meijer EJ. Variability of Ligand pKa during Homogeneously Catalyzed Aqueous Methanol Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Govindarajan
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling and Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hugo Beks
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling and Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Jan Meijer
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling and Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Kumar A, von Wolff N, Rauch M, Zou YQ, Shmul G, Ben-David Y, Leitus G, Avram L, Milstein D. Hydrogenative Depolymerization of Nylons. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14267-14275. [PMID: 32706584 PMCID: PMC7441490 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
widespread crisis of plastic pollution demands discovery of new and
sustainable approaches to degrade robust plastics such as nylons.
Using a green and sustainable approach based on hydrogenation, in
the presence of a ruthenium pincer catalyst at 150 °C and 70
bar H2, we report here the first example of hydrogenative
depolymerization of conventional, widely used nylons and polyamides,
in general. Under the same catalytic conditions, we also demonstrate
the hydrogenation of a polyurethane to produce diol, diamine, and
methanol. Additionally, we demonstrate an example where monomers (and
oligomers) obtained from the hydrogenation process can be dehydrogenated
back to a poly(oligo)amide of approximately similar molecular weight,
thus completing a closed loop cycle for recycling of polyamides. Based
on the experimental and density functional theory studies, we propose
a catalytic cycle for the process that is facilitated by metal–ligand
cooperativity. Overall, this unprecedented transformation, albeit
at the proof of concept level, offers a new approach toward a cleaner
route to recycling nylons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas von Wolff
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591, CNRS/University of Paris, 75013 Paris, France
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30
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Govindarajan N, Sinha V, Trincado M, Grützmacher H, Meijer EJ, Bruin B. An In‐Depth Mechanistic Study of Ru‐Catalysed Aqueous Methanol Dehydrogenation and Prospects for Future Catalyst Design. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Govindarajan
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Zürich CH-8093 Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Zürich CH-8093 Switzerland
| | - Evert Jan Meijer
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bas Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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31
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Schilling M, Cunha RA, Luber S. Zooming in on the O–O Bond Formation—An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study Applying Enhanced Sampling Techniques. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2436-2449. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Immobilization of a selective Ru-pincer complex for low temperature methanol reforming–Material and process improvements. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Govindarajan N, Meijer EJ. Elucidating cation effects in homogeneously catalyzed formic acid dehydrogenation. Faraday Discuss 2019; 220:404-413. [PMID: 31544196 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we use density functional theory based molecular dynamics with an explicit description of methanol solvent to study the effect of cations on formic acid dehydrogenation catalyzed by a ruthenium PNP pincer complex (RuPNP). Formic acid dehydrogenation is a two step process that involves the reorientation of the formate moiety bound via its oxygen to a H bound intermediate, followed by the hydride transfer step to form CO2 and the hydrogenated catalyst. We find the reorientation step to proceed with a low barrier in methanol solvent and in the presence of a Li+ cation, while the hydride transfer is significantly hindered by the presence of cations (Li+ and K+). The cation seems to strongly stabilize the negatively charged formate moiety, hindering complete hydride transfer and resulting in a high barrier for this step. This study is a first step towards addressing the exact role of cations in formic acid dehydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Govindarajan
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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34
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Determination of pKa Values via ab initio Molecular Dynamics and its Application to Transition Metal-Based Water Oxidation Catalysts. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The p K a values are important for the in-depth elucidation of catalytic processes, the computational determination of which has been challenging. The first simulation protocols employing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to calculate p K a values appeared almost two decades ago. Since then several slightly different methods have been proposed. We compare the performance of various evaluation methods in order to determine the most reliable protocol when it comes to simulate p K a values of transition metal-based complexes, such as the here investigated Ru-based water oxidation catalysts. The latter are of high interest for sustainable solar-light driven water splitting, and understanding of the underlying reaction mechanism is crucial for their further development.
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35
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Modeling the Catalyst Activation Step in a Metal–Ligand Radical Mechanism Based Water Oxidation System. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing catalysts for water oxidation (WOCs) that operate at low overpotentials plays an important role in developing sustainable energy conversion schemes. Recently, a mononuclear ruthenium WOC that operates via metal–ligand radical coupling pathway was reported, with a very low barrier for O–O bond formation, that is usually the rate-determining step in most WOCs. A detailed mechanistic understanding of this mechanism is crucial to design highly active oxygen evolution catalysts. Here, we use density functional theory based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) with an explicit description of the solvent to investigate the catalyst activation step for the [Ru(bpy) 2 (bpy–NO)] 2 + complex, that is considered to be the rate-limiting step in the metal–ligand radical coupling pathway. We find that a realistic description of the solvent environment, including explicit solvent molecules and thermal motion, is crucial for an accurate description of the catalyst activation step, and for the estimation of the activation barriers.
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36
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Tavakoli G, Armstrong JE, Naapuri JM, Deska J, Prechtl MHG. Chemoenzymatic Hydrogen Production from Methanol through the Interplay of Metal Complexes and Biocatalysts. Chemistry 2019; 25:6474-6481. [PMID: 30648769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial methylotrophic organisms can serve as great inspiration in the development of biomimetic strategies for the dehydrogenative conversion of C1 molecules under ambient conditions. In this Concept article, a concise personal perspective on the recent advancements in the field of biomimetic catalytic models for methanol and formaldehyde conversion, in the presence and absence of enzymes and co-factors, towards the formation of hydrogen under ambient conditions is given. In particular, formaldehyde dehydrogenase mimics have been introduced in stand-alone C1 -interconversion networks. Recently, coupled systems with alcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes have been also developed for in situ formation and decomposition of formaldehyde and/or reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/ NAD+ ). Although C1 molecules are already used in many industries for hydrogen production, these conceptual bioinspired low-temperature energy conversion processes may lead one day to more efficient energy storage systems enabling renewable and sustainable hydrogen generation for hydrogen fuel cells under ambient conditions using C1 molecules as fuels for mobile and miniaturized energy storage solutions in which harsh conditions like those in industrial plants are not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Jessica E Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Köln, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511-8499, USA
| | - Janne M Naapuri
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Martin H G Prechtl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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37
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Sinha V, Trincado M, Grützmacher H, de Bruin B. DFT Provides Insight into the Additive-Free Conversion of Aqueous Methanol to Dihydrogen Catalyzed by [Ru(trop 2dad)]: Importance of the (Electronic) Flexibility of the Diazadiene Moiety. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13103-13114. [PMID: 30215248 PMCID: PMC6209174 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
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The
mechanism for complete dehydrogenation of aqueous methanol to CO2 and three equivalents of H2 catalyzed by [Ru(trop2dad)] was investigated with DFT (trop2dad = 1,4-bis(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)-1,4-diazabuta-1,3-diene).
To date, this is the only catalyst that promotes the acceptorless
dehydrogenation of aqueous methanol in homogeneous phase under mild
conditions without the addition of an additive (base, acid, or a secondary
catalyst). A detailed understanding of the mechanism of this transformation
may therefore be of significant importance for the conversion of liquid
organic fuels. Previous computational studies using simplified models
of the catalyst suggested entirely ligand-centered reaction pathways
with rather high-energy barriers for complete dehydrogenation of aqueous
methanol. These are, however, not consistent with the experimental
data. In the present paper, we reveal a different reaction mechanism
for aqueous methanol dehydrogenation that involves metal–ligand
cooperativity involving the diazadiene (dad) ligand and has substantially
lower barriers, in good agreement with the experimental data. The
dad moiety of the ligand actively participates in the alcohol activation
mechanism. In the first step of the reaction, the dad ligand rearranges
from a σ- to a π-bound coordination mode. This adjusts
the electronic structure of both the metal and the ligand, leading
to an enhanced Brønsted basicity of the nitrogen centers and
higher Lewis acidity of the ruthenium center. As a result, concerted
proton-hydride transfer to/from metal-hydride and N-protonated dad-ligand
moieties becomes possible, leading to low-barrier metal–ligand
cooperative elementary steps for alcohol activation and H2 elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sinha
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) , Universiteit van Amsterdam , Amsterdam 1012 WX , The Netherlands
| | - Monica Trincado
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie , ETH , Zürich 8092 , Switzerland
| | | | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) , Universiteit van Amsterdam , Amsterdam 1012 WX , The Netherlands
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