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Snedeker J, Davis BEM, Ranjan R, Wooten M, Blundon J, Chen X. Reduced Levels of Lagging Strand Polymerases Shape Stem Cell Chromatin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591383. [PMID: 38746451 PMCID: PMC11092439 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells display asymmetric histone inheritance while non-stem progenitor cells exhibit symmetric patterns in the Drosophila male germline lineage. Here, we report that components involved in lagging strand synthesis, such as DNA polymerase α and δ (Polα and Polδ), have significantly reduced levels in stem cells compared to progenitor cells. Compromising Polα genetically induces the replication-coupled histone incorporation pattern in progenitor cells to be indistinguishable from that in stem cells, which can be recapitulated using a Polα inhibitor in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, stem cell-derived chromatin fibers display a higher degree of old histone recycling by the leading strand compared to progenitor cell-derived chromatin fibers. However, upon reducing Polα levels in progenitor cells, the chromatin fibers now display asymmetric old histone recycling just like GSC-derived fibers. The old versus new histone asymmetry is comparable between stem cells and progenitor cells at both S-phase and M-phase. Together, these results indicate that developmentally programmed expression of key DNA replication components is important to shape stem cell chromatin. Furthermore, manipulating one crucial DNA replication component can induce replication-coupled histone dynamics in non-stem cells in a manner similar to that in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Snedeker
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Brendon E. M. Davis
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rajesh Ranjan
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Matthew Wooten
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Current address: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Joshua Blundon
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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González-Garrido C, Prado F. Parental histone distribution and location of the replication obstacle at nascent strands control homologous recombination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112174. [PMID: 36862554 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The advance and stability of replication forks rely on a tight co-regulation of DNA synthesis and nucleosome assembly. We show that mutants affected in parental histone recycling are impaired in the recombinational repair of the single-stranded DNA gaps generated in response to DNA adducts that hamper replication, which are then filled in by translesion synthesis. These recombination defects are in part due to an excess of parental nucleosomes at the invaded strand that destabilizes the sister chromatid junction formed after strand invasion through a Srs2-dependent mechanism. In addition, we show that a dCas9∗/R-loop is more recombinogenic when the dCas9∗/DNA-RNA hybrid interferes with the lagging than with the leading strand, and this recombination is particularly sensitive to problems in the deposition of parental histones at the strand that contains the hindrance. Therefore, parental histone distribution and location of the replication obstacle at the lagging or leading strand regulate homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina González-Garrido
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Félix Prado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
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Urban JA, Ranjan R, Chen X. Asymmetric Histone Inheritance: Establishment, Recognition, and Execution. Annu Rev Genet 2022; 56:113-143. [PMID: 35905975 PMCID: PMC10054593 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-072920-125226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of biased histone inheritance in asymmetrically dividing Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cells demonstrates one means to produce two distinct daughter cells with identical genetic material. This inspired further studies in different systems, which revealed that this phenomenon may be a widespread mechanism to introduce cellular diversity. While the extent of asymmetric histone inheritance could vary among systems, this phenomenon is proposed to occur in three steps: first, establishment of histone asymmetry between sister chromatids during DNA replication; second, recognition of sister chromatids carrying asymmetric histone information during mitosis; and third, execution of this asymmetry in the resulting daughter cells. By compiling the current knowledge from diverse eukaryotic systems, this review comprehensively details and compares known chromatin factors, mitotic machinery components, and cell cycle regulators that may contribute to each of these three steps. Also discussed are potential mechanisms that introduce and regulate variable histone inheritance modes and how these different modes may contribute to cell fate decisions in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Urban
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Rajesh Ranjan
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
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