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Ezzat GM, Nassar AY, Bakr MH, Mohamed S, Nassar GA, Kamel AA. Acetylated Oligopeptide and N-acetyl cysteine Protected Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Testicular-Blood Barrier Damage, and Testicular Cell Death in Iron-Overload Rat Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5053-5071. [PMID: 36947366 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple organs, including the testes, are damaged by iron overload. It has been shown that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) influences oxidative stress in iron overload. The present study aimed to evaluate the roles of acetylated peptide (AOP) and NAC in the inhibition of iron-overload induced-testicular damage. At the beginning of the experiment, NAC (150 mg /kg) was given for a week to all 40 rats. Then, four groups were formed by dividing the animals (10 rats/group). Group I included healthy control rats. Group II (iron overload) was given intraperitoneal iron dextran (60 mg/kg/day) 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Group III (NAC) was given NAC orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks in addition to iron dextran. Group IV (AOP) was given AOP orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks besides iron dextran. When the experiment time was over, testosterone serum level, testicular B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and protein kinase B (PKB) protein levels, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and Beclin1 mRNA expression levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined by ELISA, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and chemical methods. Finally, histopathological examinations and immunohistochemical detection of claudin-1 and CD68 were performed. The iron overload group exhibited decreased testosterone, BCL-2, PKB, claudin-1, and GSH and increased MDA, NF-κB, Beclin1, and CD68, while both NAC and AOP treatments protected against the biochemical and histopathological disturbances occurring in the iron overload model. We concluded that NAC and AOP can protect against testes damage by iron overload via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and ant-autophagic properties. The NAC and AOP may be used as preventative measures against iron overload-induced testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Ezzat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Y Nassar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Bakr
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shimma Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Nassar
- Metabolic and Genetic disorders unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira A Kamel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Jagtap U, Basu S, Lokhande L, Bharti N, Sachidanandan C. BML-257, a Small Molecule that Protects against Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1393-1399. [PMID: 35796757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of many essential drugs is restricted due to their deleterious effects on the liver. Molecules that can prevent or protect the liver from drug-induced liver injury (DILI) would be invaluable in such situations. We used a transgenic line in zebrafish with a hepatocyte-specific expression of bacterial nitroreductase to cause temporally controlled liver damage. A whole organism-based chemical screen using the transgenic line identified BML-257, a potent small molecule AKT inhibitor, that protected the liver against metronidazole-induced liver injury. BML-257 also showed potent prophylactic and pro-regenerative activity in this liver damage model. BML-257 was tested in two independent toxicological models of liver injury caused by acetaminophen and isoniazid and was found to be protective against damage. This suggests that BML-257 has the potential to protect against multiple kinds of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Jagtap
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sandeep Basu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Lavanya Lokhande
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nikhil Bharti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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Baas FS, Rishi G, Swinkels DW, Subramaniam VN. Genetic Diagnosis in Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Discovering and Understanding the Biological Relevance of Variants. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1324-1341. [PMID: 34402502 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disease, leading to iron accumulation and possible organ damage. Patients are usually homozygous for p. Cys282Tyr in the homeostatic iron regulator gene but may have mutations in other genes involved in the regulation of iron. Next-generation sequencing is increasingly being utilized for the diagnosis of patients, leading to the discovery of novel genetic variants. The clinical significance of these variants is often unknown. CONTENT Determining the pathogenicity of such variants of unknown significance is important for diagnostics and genetic counseling. Predictions can be made using in silico computational tools and population data, but additional evidence is required for a conclusive pathogenicity classification. Genetic disease models, such as in vitro models using cellular overexpression, induced pluripotent stem cells or organoids, and in vivo models using mice or zebrafish all have their own challenges and opportunities when used to model HH and other iron disorders. Recent developments in gene-editing technologies are transforming the field of genetic disease modeling. SUMMARY In summary, this review addresses methods and developments regarding the discovery and classification of genetic variants, from in silico tools to in vitro and in vivo models, and presents them in the context of HH. It also explores recent gene-editing developments and how they can be applied to the discussed models of genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor S Baas
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 831), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gautam Rishi
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 831), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Argenziano M, Tortora C, Paola AD, Pota E, Martino MD, Pinto DD, Leva CD, Rossi F. Eltrombopag and its iron chelating properties in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1377-1387. [PMID: 34262648 PMCID: PMC8274721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 20% of total childhood leukemia diagnoses and is characterized by poor prognosis with a long-term survival rate around the 50%, when patients are properly treated. The standard treatment for pediatric AML currently consists in a combination of cytarabine (Ara-C) and antracycline. Iron plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Targeting iron and its metabolism mediators could be a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer.Deferasirox (DFX) inhibits cancer cell proliferation and its use as an antiblastic drug could be suggested. Eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist used in immunethrombocytopenia, shows anticancer properties related to its emerging iron chelating properties. We compare the anticancer effect of classically used cytarabine with DFX and ELT effects in a pediatric AML cell line, THP-1, in order to identify innovative and more effective therapeutic strategies. ELT and DFX reduce intracellular iron concentration by inhibiting its uptake and by promoting its release. In particular, even though further investigations are needed to better understand the extact underlying action mechanisms, we demonstrated that ELT improves cytarabine antineoplastic activity in pediatric AML cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Argenziano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Chiara Tortora
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Paola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Elvira Pota
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Martina Di Martino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Pinto
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Leva
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
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Singh MK, Jayarajan R, Varshney S, Upadrasta S, Singh A, Yadav R, Scaria V, Sengupta S, Shanmugam D, Shalimar, Sivasubbu S, Gandotra S, Sachidanandan C. Chronic systemic exposure to IL6 leads to deregulation of glycolysis and fat accumulation in the zebrafish liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158905. [PMID: 33582286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a constant in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), although their relationship is unclear. In a transgenic zebrafish system with chronic systemic overexpression of human IL6 (IL6-OE) we show that inflammation can cause intra-hepatic accumulation of triglycerides. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the IL6-OE liver revealed a deregulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, especially a striking down regulation of the glycolytic enzyme aldolase b. Metabolomics analysis by mass spectrometry showed accumulation of hexose monophosphates and their derivatives, which can act as precursors for triglyceride synthesis. Our results suggest that IL6-driven repression of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, specifically aldolase b, may be a novel mechanism for fatty liver. This mechanism may be relevant for NAFLD in lean individuals, an emerging class of NAFLD prevalent more in Asian Indian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rijith Jayarajan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Varshney
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sindhuri Upadrasta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Shalimar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sheetal Gandotra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Abstract
Ischemic strokes occur when a major cerebral artery or its branches are occluded, resulting in activation of inflammatory processes that cause secondary tissue injury, breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, edema or hemorrhage. Treatments that inhibit inflammatory processes may thus be highly beneficial. A key regulator of the inflammatory process is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In its active form, NF-κB regulates expression of proinflammatory and proapoptotic genes. The molecules that interact with NF-κB, and the subunits that compose NF-κB itself, represent therapeutic targets that can be modulated to decrease inflammation. This review focuses on our current understanding of the NF-κB pathway and the potential benefits of inhibiting NF-κB in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain.
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Asad Z, Sachidanandan C. Chemical screens in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome identifies small molecules that ameliorate disease-like phenotypes in embryo. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103661. [PMID: 31051269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant congenital disorder caused primarily by mutations in the CHD7 gene. Using a small molecule screen in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome, we identified 4 compounds that rescue embryos from disease-like phenotypes. Our screen yielded DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor that could ameliorate the craniofacial, cranial neuronal and myelination defects in chd7 morphant zebrafish embryos. We discovered that Procainamide, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1, was able to recover the pattern of expression of isl2a, a cranial neuronal marker while also reducing the effect on craniofacial cartilage and myelination. M344, an inhibitor of Histone deacetylases had a strong recovery effect on craniofacial cartilage defects and could also modestly revert the myelination defects in zebrafish embryos. CHIC-35, a SIRT1 inhibitor partially restored the expression of isl2a in cranial neurons while causing a partial reversion of myelination and craniofacial cartilage defects. Our results suggest that a modular approach to phenotypic rescue in multi-organ syndromes might be a more successful approach to treat these disorders. Our findings also open up the possibility of using these compounds for other disorders with shared phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Asad
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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