1
|
Chisholm TS, Hunter CA. Ligands for Protein Fibrils of Amyloid-β, α-Synuclein, and Tau. Chem Rev 2025; 125:5282-5348. [PMID: 40327808 PMCID: PMC12164286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are characteristic features of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The use of small molecule ligands that bind to amyloid fibrils underpins both fundamental research aiming to better understand the pathology of neurodegenerative disease, and clinical research aiming to develop diagnostic tools for these diseases. To date, a large number of amyloid-binding ligands have been reported in the literature, predominantly targeting protein fibrils composed of amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrils. Fibrils formed by a particular protein can adopt a range of possible morphologies, but protein fibrils formed in vivo possess disease-specific morphologies, highlighting the need for morphology-specific amyloid-binding ligands. This review details the morphologies of Aβ, tau, and αSyn fibril polymorphs that have been reported as a result of structural work and describes a database of amyloid-binding ligands containing 4,288 binding measurements for 2,404 unique compounds targeting Aβ, tau, or αSyn fibrils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. Chisholm
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gutiérrez C, Sun L, Huang Y, Gui K, Terpstra K, Mirica LM. N-Alkylamino Stilbene Compounds as Amyloid β Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease Research. Molecules 2025; 30:2471. [PMID: 40509358 PMCID: PMC12156033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2025] [Revised: 05/20/2025] [Accepted: 06/02/2025] [Indexed: 06/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder that debilitates an overwhelming number of people in the aging population worldwide. The aggregated forms of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide play an important role in the onset of AD. Small molecules that can bind to Aβ are useful for in vitro assays, in vivo imaging, and in therapeutic research. Herein, a series of compounds that can target Aβ aggregates and inhibit their formation were developed. The interaction of several compounds with the Aβ peptide was found to modulate the formation of aggregates. These N-alkylamino stilbene compounds offer selectivity toward Aβ species against other in situ proteins and have potential for aiding the development of soluble Aβ aggregate selective AD probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Citlali Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kai Gui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Karna Terpstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asl FSS, Malverdi N, Mojahedian F, Baziyar P, Nabi-Afjadi M. Discovery of effective GSK-3β inhibitors as therapeutic potential against Alzheimer's disease: A computational drug design insight. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 306:141273. [PMID: 39978523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mostly thought to be caused by overactivity of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-β). Therefore, a GSK-3β inhibitor may be a suggested medicine for Alzheimer's therapy. Nowadays, computational techniques are thought to be among the quickest and most affordable options for therapeutic design and drug discovery. Following a preliminary screening of flavonoids for possible protection against cognitive illnesses such as Alzheimer's, Amentoflavone, Curcumin, and Notopterol were shown to be promising candidates. Using molecular docking, the ligand orientation and binding energy in the ATP-binding pocket of GSK-3β were ascertained. Amentoflavone formed a hydrogen bond with the GSK-3β protein's ATP binding site during the molecular docking phase, obtaining the highest negative binding energy. However, when the results moved closer to a molecular dynamics simulation, the findings changed, and Curcumin was shown to be the most potent inhibitor. All structures remained stable during the MD simulation of the GSK-3β protein and its ligands. Moreover, compared to other natural compounds, Curcumin showed higher binding free energy. Therefore, Curcumin may be useful as a polyphenolic flavonoid in the prevention and treatment of AD. Hence, additional research in vitro and in vivo can focus on these flavonoid compounds as an alternative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Malverdi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mojahedian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen L, Shen Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Sun L, Ma X, Song N, Xie J. Homeostasis and metabolism of iron and other metal ions in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2025; 10:31. [PMID: 39894843 PMCID: PMC11788444 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-02071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
As essential micronutrients, metal ions such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc, are required for a wide range of physiological processes in the brain. However, an imbalance in metal ions, whether excessive or insufficient, is detrimental and can contribute to neuronal death through oxidative stress, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, cell senescence, or neuroinflammation. These processes have been found to be involved in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the research history and milestone events of studying metal ions, including iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD), will be introduced. Then, the upstream regulators, downstream effector, and crosstalk of mental ions under both physiologic and pathologic conditions will be summarized. Finally, the therapeutic effects of metal ion chelators, such as clioquinol, quercetin, curcumin, coumarin, and their derivatives for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Additionally, the promising results and limitations observed in clinical trials of these metal ion chelators will also be addressed. This review will not only provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of metal ions in disease development but also offer perspectives on their modulation for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Shen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjuan Liu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xizhen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rana M, Terpstra K, Gutierrez C, Xu K, Arya H, Bhatt TK, Mirica LM, Sharma AK. Evaluation of Anti-Alzheimer's Potential of Azo-Stilbene-Thioflavin-T derived Multifunctional Molecules: Synthesis, Metal and Aβ Species Binding and Cholinesterase Activity. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202402748. [PMID: 39476334 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and cholinesterase activity are two major therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multifunctional Molecules (MFMs) specifically designed to address other contributing factors, such as metal ion induced abnormalities, oxidative stress, toxic Aβ aggregates etc. are very much required. Several multifunctional molecules have been developed using different molecular scaffolds. Reported herein is a new series of four MFMs based on ThT, Azo-stilbene and metal ion chelating pockets. The synthesis, characterization, and metal chelation ability for [Cu2+ and Zn2+] are presented herein. Furthermore, we explored their multifunctionality w.r.t. to their (i) recognition of Aβ aggregates and monomeric form, (ii) utility in modulating the aggregation pathways of both metal-free and metal-bound amyloid-β, (iii) ex-vivo staining of amyloid plaques in 5xFAD mice brain sections, (iv) ability to scavenge free radicals and (v) ability to inhibit cholinesterase activity. Molecular docking studies were also performed with Aβ peptides and acetylcholinesterase enzyme to understand the observed inhibitory effect on activity. Overall, the studies presented here establish the multifunctional nature of these molecules and qualify them as promising candidates for furthermore investigation in the quest for finding Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Karna Terpstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Citlali Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kerui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Hemant Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Tarun K Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Anuj K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang M, Xie X, Yuan R, Xin Q, Ma S, Guo H, Miao Y, Hu C, Zhu Y, Cong W. The multifaceted anti-atherosclerotic properties of herbal flavonoids: A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Res 2025; 211:107551. [PMID: 39701504 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major etiological factor underpinning a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, leading to cerebral infarction, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The chronic progression of AS, spanning from initial plaque formation to the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events, underscores the complexity of AS and the challenges it presents in terms of treatment. Currently, the clinical management of AS relies predominantly on statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, which primarily aim to reduce low-density lipoprotein levels and have demonstrated some therapeutic efficacy. Nevertheless, due to their potential side effects, there is a pressing need to actively investigate alternative treatment approaches. Researches on natural compounds derived from herbal medicines, such as flavonoids, hold significant promise in combating AS by regulating lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, modulating autophagy and additional pathways. Various targets participate in these physiological processes, encompassing acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), transcription factor EB (TFEB) and so on. This comprehensive review endeavors to synthesize and analyse the most recent findings on herbal flavonoids, shedding light on their anti-atherosclerotic potential and the underlying protective mechanisms and related-targets, which might pave the way for the development of novel drug candidates or the optimization of flavonoid-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiwen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xuena Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shudong Ma
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hongai Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chunyu Hu
- Department of Teaching Quality Construction, Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun B, Jiang H. Synthesis and bio-activities of bifunctional tetrahydrosalen Cu (II) chelators with potential efficacy in Alzheimer's disease therapy. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112636. [PMID: 38943843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The dyshomeostasis of metal ions in the brain leads to the accumulation of excess metals in extracellular and inter-neuronal locations and the Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) binds these transition metals, which ultimately cause the Aβ aggregation and severe oxidative stress in the brain. The aggregation of Aβ and oxidative stress are important factors to trigger Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metal chelation therapy is a promising approach to removing metals from Aβ-M species and relieve the oxidative stress. Therefore, 4 tetrahydrosalens containing benzothiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. Their biological activities for Alzheimer's disease therapy in vitro were determined by Turbidity assay, BCA protein assay, MTT assay and fluorescent probe of DCFH-DA. The results were comparing with that of non-specific chelator (cliquinol, CQ) and non-benzothiazole functionalized tetrahydrosalens, the results demonstrated that benzothiazole functionalized chelators had more efficient bio-activities in preventing Cu2+-induced Aβ aggregation, attenuating cytotoxicity mediated by Aβ-Cu2+ species and decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Cu2+-Aβ treated PC12 cells than that of cliquinol and non-benzothiazole functionalized analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing 400067, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Heyan Jiang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan RX, Li WH, Pang JM, Zhong SM, Huang XY, Deng JZ, Zhou LY, Wu JQ, Wang XQ. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 2,2'-bipyridyl derivatives as bifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1225-1238. [PMID: 37119457 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Metal ion dyshomeostasis and Aβ aggregation have been proposed to contribute to AD progression. Metal ions can bind to Aβ and promote Aβ aggregation, and ultimately lead to neuronal death. Bifunctional (metal chelation and Aβ interaction) compounds are showing promise against AD. In this work, eleven new 3,3'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine derivatives 4a-4k were synthesized, and evaluated as bifunctional agents for AD treatment. In vitro Aβ aggregation inhibition assay confirmed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibition. Among them, compound 4d displayed the best inhibitory potency of self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation with IC50 value of 9.4 µM, and it could selectively chelate with Cu2+ and exhibited 66.2% inhibition of Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Meanwhile, compound 4d showed strong neuroprotective activity against Aβ1-42 and Cu2+-treated Aβ1-42 induced cell damage. Moreover, compound 4d in high dose significantly reversed Aβ-induced memory impairment in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xian Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Min Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Min Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Ze Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chisholm TS, Hunter CA. A closer look at amyloid ligands, and what they tell us about protein aggregates. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1354-1374. [PMID: 38116736 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid fibrils is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Detecting these fibrils with fluorescent or radiolabelled ligands is one strategy for diagnosing and better understanding these diseases. A vast number of amyloid-binding ligands have been reported in the literature as a result. To obtain a better understanding of how amyloid ligands bind, we have compiled a database of 3457 experimental dissociation constants for 2076 unique amyloid-binding ligands. These ligands target Aβ, tau, or αSyn fibrils, as well as relevant biological samples including AD brain homogenates. From this database significant variation in the reported dissociation constants of ligands was found, possibly due to differences in the morphology of the fibrils being studied. Ligands were also found to bind to Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) fibrils with similar affinities, whereas a greater difference was found for binding to Aβ and tau or αSyn fibrils. Next, the binding of ligands to fibrils was shown to be largely limited by the hydrophobic effect. Some Aβ ligands do not fit into this hydrophobicity-limited model, suggesting that polar interactions can play an important role when binding to this target. Finally several binding site models were outlined for amyloid fibrils that describe what ligands target what binding sites. These models provide a foundation for interpreting and designing site-specific binding assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Chisholm
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grcic L, Leech G, Kwan K, Storr T. Targeting misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide and mutant p53 protein using multifunctional molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1372-1388. [PMID: 38204416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecule misfolding and aggregation play a major role in human disease, spanning from neurodegeneration to cancer. Inhibition of these processes is of considerable interest, and due to the multifactorial nature of these diseases, the development of drugs that act on multiple pathways simultaneously is a promising approach. This Feature Article focuses on the development of multifunctional molecules designed to inhibit the misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the mutant p53 protein in cancer. While for the former, the goal is to accelerate the removal of the Aβ peptide and associated aggregates, for the latter, the goal is reactivation via stabilization of the active folded form of mutant p53 protein and/or aggregation inhibition. Due to the similar aggregation pathway of the Aβ peptide and mutant p53 protein, a common therapeutic approach may be applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Grcic
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Grace Leech
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Kalvin Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh S, Agrawal N, Goyal A. Unraveling Amentoflavone's Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease: A Preclinical Assessment. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1851-1860. [PMID: 38441013 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073301291240229102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases which causes cognition deficit. There are currently few medications available to treat Alzheimer's disease, even though researchers have devoted a great deal of time studying the condition and offering many benefits. Thus, only a few drugs are available for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Amentoflavone is a dietary component found in many plants and herbs that has several health advantages. Amentoflavone has demonstrated strong protective benefits against a range of brain illnesses in preclinical trials, most frequently in Alzheimer's disease. Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid, can be identified in a variety of herbs upon isolation. Considering the beneficial properties of this compound, this review emphasizes the pharmacological effects and botanical sources of amentoflavone, as well as the compound's benefits and possible applications in the treatment of Alzheimer's disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P., India
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Village-Hadauri, Post-Tindola, Lucknow-Deva Road, Barabanki, U.P., 225003, India
| | - Neetu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P., India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P., India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen LL, Fan YG, Zhao LX, Zhang Q, Wang ZY. The metal ion hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of metal chelators. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106301. [PMID: 36455485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, is the most common dementia with uncertain etiology. The clinical trials of Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs have almost failed, giving rise to great attention on the other etiologic hypothesis regarding AD such as metal ions dysmetabolism and chronic neuroinflammation. Mounting evidence revealed that the metal ions (iron, copper, and zinc) were dysregulated in the susceptible brain regions of AD patients, which was highly associated with Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal loss, as well as neuroinflammation. Further studies uncovered that iron, copper and zinc could not only enhance the production of Aβ but also directly bind to Aβ and tau to promote their aggregations. In addition, the accumulation of iron and copper could respectively promote ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Therefore, the metal ion chelators were recognized as promising agents for treating AD. This review comprehensively summarized the effects of metal ions on the Aβ dynamics and tau phosphorylation in the progression of AD. Furthermore, taking chronic neuroinflammation contributes to the progression of AD, we also provided a summary of the mechanisms concerning metal ions on neuroinflammation and highlighted the metal ion chelators may be potential agents to alleviate neuroinflammation under the condition of AD. Nevertheless, more investigations regarding metal ions on neuroinflammation should be taken into practice, and the effects of metal ion chelators on neuroinflammation should gain more attention. Running title: Metal chelators against neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Terpstra K, Wang Y, Huynh TT, Bandara N, Cho HJ, Rogers BE, Mirica LM. Divalent 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole Bifunctional Chelators for 64Cu Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20326-20336. [PMID: 36463521 PMCID: PMC9887732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new series of divalent 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole bifunctional chelators (BFCs) with high affinity for amyloid β aggregates and favorable lipophilicity for blood-brain barrier penetration. The addition of an alkyl carboxylate ester pendant arm offers high binding affinity toward Cu(II). The novel BFCs form stable 64Cu-radiolabeled complexes and exhibit promising partition coefficient (logD) values of 1.05-1.85. Among the five compounds tested, the 64Cu-YW-15 complex exhibits significant staining of amyloid β plaques in ex vivo autoradiography studies. In addition, biodistribution studies show that 64Cu-YW-15-Me exhibits moderate brain uptake (0.69 ± 0.08 %ID/g) in wild type mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karna Terpstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Truc T Huynh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu Z, Guo W, Patel S, Cho HJ, Sun L, Mirica LM. Amphiphilic stilbene derivatives attenuate the neurotoxicity of soluble Aβ 42 oligomers by controlling their interactions with cell membranes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12818-12830. [PMID: 36519059 PMCID: PMC9645390 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolded proteins or polypeptides commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are promising drug targets for developing therapeutic agents. To target the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide plaques and oligomers, the hallmarks of AD, we have developed twelve amphiphilic small molecules with different hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragments. In vitro fluorescence binding assays demonstrate that these amphiphilic compounds show high binding affinity to both Aβ plaques and oligomers, and six of them exhibit selective binding toward Aβ oligomers. These amphiphilic compounds can also label the Aβ species in the brain sections of transgenic AD mice, as shown by immunostaining with an Aβ antibody. Molecular docking studies were performed to obtain structure-affinity relationships. To our delight, four amphiphilic compounds can alleviate the Cu2+-Aβ induced toxicity in cell viability assays. In addition, confocal fluorescence imaging studies provide evidence that two compounds, ZY-15-MT and ZY-15-OMe, can disrupt the interactions between Aβ oligomers and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell membranes. Overall, these studies strongly suggest that developing compounds with amphiphilic properties that target Aβ oligomers and modulate the Aβ oligomer-cell membrane interactions can be an effective strategy for the development of small molecule AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Weijie Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Shrey Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harini K, Girigoswami K, Anand AV, Pallavi P, Gowtham P, Elboughdiri N, Girigoswami A. Nano-mediated Strategies for Metal Ion–Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:450-463. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-022-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
|
16
|
Iyer RR, Renteria CA, Yang L, Sorrells JE, Park J, Sun L, Yu Z, Huang Y, Marjanovic M, Mirica LM, Boppart SA. Tracking the binding of multi-functional fluorescent tags for Alzheimer's disease using quantitative multiphoton microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200105. [PMID: 35686672 PMCID: PMC9728943 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A recent theranostic approach to address Alzheimer's disease (AD) utilizes multifunctional targets that both tag and negate the toxicity of AD biomarkers. These compounds, which emit fluorescence with both an activation and a spectral shift in the presence of Aβ, were previously characterized with traditional fluorescence imaging for binary characterization. However, these multifunctional compounds have broad and dynamic emission spectra that are dependent on factors such as the local environment, presence of Aβ deposits, etc. Since quantitative multiphoton microscopy is sensitive to the binding dynamics of molecules, we characterized the performance of two such compounds, LS-4 and ZY-12-OMe, using Simultaneous Label-free Autofluorescence Multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy and Fast Optical Coherence, Autofluorescence Lifetime imaging and Second harmonic generation (FOCALS) microscopy. This study shows that the combination of quantitative multiphoton imaging with multifunctional tags for AD offers new insights into the interaction of these tags with AD biomarkers and the theranostic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carlos A. Renteria
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet E. Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhengxin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Piccirillo S, Magi S, Preziuso A, Serfilippi T, Cerqueni G, Orciani M, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. The Hidden Notes of Redox Balance in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 35892658 PMCID: PMC9331713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile molecules that, even if produced in the background of many biological processes and responses, possess pleiotropic roles categorized in two interactive yet opposite domains. In particular, ROS can either function as signaling molecules that shape physiological cell functions, or act as deleterious end products of unbalanced redox reactions. Indeed, cellular redox status needs to be tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular functioning, and either excessive ROS accumulation or the dysfunction of antioxidant systems can perturb the redox homeostasis, leading to supraphysiological concentrations of ROS and potentially harmful outcomes. Therefore, whether ROS would act as signaling molecules or as detrimental factors strictly relies on a dynamic equilibrium between free radical production and scavenging resources. Of notice, the mammalian brain is particularly vulnerable to ROS-mediated toxicity, because it possesses relatively poor antioxidant defenses to cope with the redox burden imposed by the elevated oxygen consumption rate and metabolic activity. Many features of neurodegenerative diseases can in fact be traced back to causes of oxidative stress, which may influence both the onset and progression of brain demise. This review focuses on the description of the dual roles of ROS as double-edge sword in both physiological and pathological settings, with reference to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Tiziano Serfilippi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rana M, Cho HJ, Arya H, Bhatt TK, Bhar K, Bhatt S, Mirica LM, Sharma AK. Azo-Stilbene and Pyridine-Amine Hybrid Multifunctional Molecules to Target Metal-Mediated Neurotoxicity and Amyloid-β Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10294-10309. [PMID: 35768324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with progressive neuronal cell death, and they are commonly correlated with aberrant protein misfolding and aggregation of Aβ peptides. Transition metal ions (Cu, Fe, and Zn) have been shown to promote aggregation and oxidative stress through formation of Aβ-metal complexes. In this context, integrating molecular scaffolds rationally is used here to generate multifunctional molecules as modulators for metal-induced abnormalities. This work encompasses two azo-stilbene (AS)-derived compounds (AS-HL1 and AS-HL2), the rationale behind the design, their synthesis, characterization, and metal chelation ability [Cu(II) and Zn(II)]. The molecular frameworks of the designed compounds consist of stilbene as an Aβ-interacting moiety, whereas N,N,O and N,N,N,O donor atoms are linked to generate the metal chelation moiety. Furthermore, we went on exploring their multifunctionality with respect to (w.r.t.) (i) their metal chelating capacities and (ii) their utility to modulate the aggregation pathways of both metal-free and metal-bound amyloid-β, (iii) scavenge free radicals, and (iv) inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase and (v) cytotoxicity. Moreover, the compounds were able to sequester Cu2+ from the Aβ-Cu complex as studied by the UV-visible spectroscopic assay. Molecular docking studies were also performed with Aβ and acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Overall, the studies presented here qualify these molecules as promising candidates for further investigation in the quest for finding a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hemant Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Kishalay Bhar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Surabhi Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han BH, Cofell B, Everhart E, Humpal C, Kang SS, Lee SK, Kim-Han JS. Amentoflavone Promotes Cellular Uptake and Degradation of Amyloid-Beta in Neuronal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115885. [PMID: 35682567 PMCID: PMC9180170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deposition of fibrillar forms of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is commonly found in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with cognitive decline. Impaired clearance of Aβ species is thought to be a major cause of late-onset sporadic AD. Aβ secreted into the extracellular milieu can be cleared from the brain through multiple pathways, including cellular uptake in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Recent studies have showed that the naturally-occurring polyphenol amentoflavone (AMF) exerts anti-amyloidogenic effects. However, its effects on metabolism and cellular clearance of Aβ remain to be tested. In the present study, we demonstrated that AMF significantly increased the cellular uptake of both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, but not inverted Aβ42-1 in mouse neuronal N2a cells. Though AMF promoted internalization of cytotoxic Aβ1-42, it significantly reduced cell death in our assay condition. Our data further revealed that the internalized Aβ is translocated to lysosomes and undergoes enzymatic degradation. The saturable kinetic of Aβ uptake and our pharmacologic experiments showed the involvement of receptor-mediated endocytosis, in part, through the class A scavenger receptors as a possible mechanism of action of AMF. Taken together, our findings indicate that AMF can lower the levels of extracellular Aβ by increasing their cellular uptake and clearance, suggesting the therapeutic potential of AMF for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hee Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (B.C.); (E.E.); (C.H.); (J.S.K.-H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Brooke Cofell
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (B.C.); (E.E.); (C.H.); (J.S.K.-H.)
| | - Emily Everhart
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (B.C.); (E.E.); (C.H.); (J.S.K.-H.)
| | - Courtney Humpal
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (B.C.); (E.E.); (C.H.); (J.S.K.-H.)
| | - Sam-Sik Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.-S.K.); (S.K.L.)
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.-S.K.); (S.K.L.)
| | - Jeong Sook Kim-Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (B.C.); (E.E.); (C.H.); (J.S.K.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Huynh TT, Bandara N, Cho HJ, Rogers BE, Mirica LM. 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole dicarboxylate ester TACN chelators for 64Cu PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1216-1224. [PMID: 34951428 PMCID: PMC8969080 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a new series of bifunctional chelators (BFCs) with high affinity for amyloid β aggregates, strong binding affinity towards Cu(II), and favorable lipophilicity for potential blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The alkyl carboxylate ester pendant arms show high binding affinity towards Cu(II). The BFCs form stable 64Cu-radiolabeled complexes and exhibit favorable partition coefficient (log D) values of 0.75-0.95. Among the five compounds tested, 64Cu-YW-1 and 64Cu-YW-13 complexes exhibit significant staining of amyloid plaques in ex vivo autoradiography studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Truc T. Huynh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States,Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiong X, Tang N, Lai X, Zhang J, Wen W, Li X, Li A, Wu Y, Liu Z. Insights Into Amentoflavone: A Natural Multifunctional Biflavonoid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:768708. [PMID: 35002708 PMCID: PMC8727548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amentoflavone is an active phenolic compound isolated from Selaginella tamariscina over 40 years. Amentoflavone has been extensively recorded as a molecule which displays multifunctional biological activities. Especially, amentoflavone involves in anti-cancer activity by mediating various signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and emerges anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect via binding towards the main protease (Mpro/3CLpro), spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, amentoflavone is considered to be a promising therapeutic agent for clinical research. Considering the multifunction of amentoflavone, the current review comprehensively discuss the chemistry, the progress in its diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-microorganism, metabolism regulation, neuroprotection, radioprotection, musculoskeletal protection and antidepressant, specially the fascinating role against various types of cancers. In addition, the bioavailability and drug delivery of amentoflavone, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activities of amentoflavone, the molecular docking simulation of amentoflavone through in silico approach and anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of amentoflavone are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Lai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weilun Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong X, Wan W, Zeng L, Jin W, Huang Y, Shen D, Bai Y, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Liu Y, Gao Z. Regulation of Fluorescence Solvatochromism To Resolve Cellular Polarity upon Protein Aggregation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16447-16455. [PMID: 34859995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Common solvatochromic fluorophores exhibit a bathochromic fluorescence emission wavelength shift accompanied by intensity attenuation due to the presence of nonradiative decay pathways at the excited state. Such intrinsic but inevitable fluorescence quenching of solvatochromism impedes its applications to faithfully quantify local polarity, especially in a polar environment. Herein, we report a new donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type solvatochromic fluorophore scaffold containing a perfluorophenyl group that exhibits both a solvatochromic emission wavelength shift and a controllable emission intensity upon polarity fluctuation. The regulation of fluorescence solvatochromism and colors was achieved by tuning the aryl donors. We exploited such desired solvatochromism of these probes to monitor protein misfolding and aggregation via wavelength shift. Finally, the polarity of pathogenic aggregated proteins was quantified by HaloTag bioorthogonal labeling technology in live cells. While much effort has been devoted to resolving the morphology of pathogenic aggregated proteins, this work provides quantitative hints regarding the chemical information at this disease-related protein interphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Dong
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wang Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lianggang Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Di Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Gao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Varshney M, Kumar B, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. An overview on therapeutic and medicinal potential of poly-hydroxy flavone viz. Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone for management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: a critical analysis on mechanistic insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2749-2772. [PMID: 34590507 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1980761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders occur when nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system partial or complete fail in their functions and sometimes even die due to some injuries or aging. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), have been majorly resulted due to degeneration of neurons and neuroinflammation progressively. There are many similarities that correlates both AD and PD on a cellular and sub-cellular level. Therefore, a hope for therapeutic advancement for simultaneous upgradation in both the diseases are directly depending on the discovery of common mechanism at molecular and cellular level. Recent and past evidences from scientific literature supporting the efficacy of plants flavonoids in treatment and protection of both AD and PD. Further, dietary flavones, specially Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone gains recently much more attention for producing many health beneficiary effects including neuroprotection. Despite of these evidence a detailed updated overview of neuroprotective effects against both AD and PD by Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone are still missing. In this context several published studies were assessed by using various online electronic search engines/databases to meet the objective from 1981 to 2021 (Approx. 224). Therefore, present review was designed to deliver the detailed description on these flavones including therapeutic benefits in AD, PD and other CNS complications with critical analysis on underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Huynh TT, Cho HJ, Wang YC, Rogers BE, Mirica LM. Amyloid β-Binding Bifunctional Chelators with Favorable Lipophilicity for 64Cu Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12610-12620. [PMID: 34351146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new series of bifunctional chelators (BFCs) with a high affinity for amyloid aggregates, a strong binding affinity toward Cu(II), and favorable lipophilicity for potential blood-brain barrier penetration. The alkyl carboxylate ester pendant arms offer up to 3 orders of magnitude higher binding affinity toward Cu(II) and enable the BFCs to form stable 64Cu-radiolabeled complexes. Among the five compounds tested, the 64Cu-YW-7 and 64Cu-YW-10 complexes exhibit strong and specific staining of amyloid plaques in ex vivo autoradiography studies. Importantly, these BFCs have promising partition coefficient (log Doct) values of 0.91-1.26 and show some brain uptake in biodistribution studies using CD-1 mice. Overall, these BFCs could serve as lead compounds for the development of positron emission tomography imaging agents for AD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Truc T Huynh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yung-Ching Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Goossens JF, Goossens L, Bailly C. Hinokiflavone and Related C-O-C-Type Biflavonoids as Anti-cancer Compounds: Properties and Mechanism of Action. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:365-377. [PMID: 33534099 PMCID: PMC7856339 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biflavonoids are divided in two classes: C-C type compounds represented by the dimeric compound amentoflavone and C-O-C-type compounds typified by hinokiflavone (HNK) with an ether linkage between the two connected apigenin units. This later sub-group of bisflavonyl ethers includes HNK, ochnaflavone, delicaflavone and a few other dimeric compounds, found in a variety of plants, notably Selaginella species. A comprehensive review of the anticancer properties and mechanism of action of HNK is provided, to highlight the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities of HNK and derivatives, and HNK-containing plant extracts. The anticancer effects rely on the capacity of HNK to interfere with the ERK1-2/p38/NFκB signaling pathway and the regulation of the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 (with a potential direct binding to MMP-9). In addition, HNK was found to function as a potent modulator of pre-mRNA splicing, inhibiting the SUMO-specific protease SENP1. As such, HNK represents a rare SENP1 inhibitor of natural origin and a scaffold to design synthetic compounds. Oral formulations of HNK have been elaborated to enhance its solubility, to facilitate the compound delivery and to enhance its anticancer efficacy. The review shed light on the anticancer potential of C-O-C-type biflavonoids and specifically on the pharmacological profile of HNK. This compound deserves further attention as a regulator of pre-mRNA splicing, useful to treat cancers (in particular hepatocellular carcinoma) and other human pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, 59000, Lille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Design, synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of fluorinated triazoles as multi-target directed ligands for Alzheimer disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 42:127999. [PMID: 33839248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is multi-factorial and inflammation plays a major role in the disease progression and severity. Metals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediators for inflammatory conditions associated with Alzheimer's. Along multi-factorial nature, major challenge for developing new drug is the ability of the molecule to cross blood brain barrier (BBB). We have designed and synthesized multi-target directed hexafluorocarbinol containing triazoles to inhibit Amyloid β aggregation and simultaneously chelate the excess metals present in the extracellular space and scavenge the ROS thus reduce the inflammatory condition. From the screened compound library, compound 1c found to be potent and safe. It has demonstrated inhibition of Amyloid β aggregation (IC50 of 4.6 μM) through selective binding with Amyloid β at the nucleation site (evidenced from the molecular docking). It also chelate metals (Cu+2, Zn+2 and Fe+3) and scavenges ROS significantly. Due to the presence of hexafluorocarbinol moiety in the molecule it may assist to permeate BBB and improve the pharmacokinetic properties. The in-vitro results of compound 1c indicate the promiscuity for the development of hexafluorocarbinol containing triazoles amide scaffold as multi-target directed therapy against Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Windsor PK, Plassmeyer SP, Mattock DS, Bradfield JC, Choi EY, Miller BR, Han BH. Biflavonoid-Induced Disruption of Hydrogen Bonds Leads to Amyloid-β Disaggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062888. [PMID: 33809196 PMCID: PMC8001082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils in the brain is a key pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. A class of polyphenolic biflavonoids is known to have anti-amyloidogenic effects by inhibiting aggregation of Aβ and promoting disaggregation of Aβ fibrils. In the present study, we further sought to investigate the structural basis of the Aβ disaggregating activity of biflavonoids and their interactions at the atomic level. A thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay revealed that amentoflavone-type biflavonoids promote disaggregation of Aβ fibrils with varying potency due to specific structural differences. The computational analysis herein provides the first atomistic details for the mechanism of Aβ disaggregation by biflavonoids. Molecular docking analysis showed that biflavonoids preferentially bind to the aromatic-rich, partially ordered N-termini of Aβ fibril via the π–π interactions. Moreover, docking scores correlate well with the ThT EC50 values. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that biflavonoids decrease the content of β-sheet in Aβ fibril in a structure-dependent manner. Hydrogen bond analysis further supported that the substitution of hydroxyl groups capable of hydrogen bond formation at two positions on the biflavonoid scaffold leads to significantly disaggregation of Aβ fibrils. Taken together, our data indicate that biflavonoids promote disaggregation of Aβ fibrils due to their ability to disrupt the fibril structure, suggesting biflavonoids as a lead class of compounds to develop a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Windsor
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (P.K.W.); (S.P.P.); (D.S.M.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Stephen P. Plassmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (P.K.W.); (S.P.P.); (D.S.M.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Dominic S. Mattock
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (P.K.W.); (S.P.P.); (D.S.M.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Jonathan C. Bradfield
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (P.K.W.); (S.P.P.); (D.S.M.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Erika Y. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA;
| | - Bill R. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA; (P.K.W.); (S.P.P.); (D.S.M.); (J.C.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.M.III); (B.H.H.)
| | - Byung Hee Han
- Department of Pharmacology, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA;
- Correspondence: (B.R.M.III); (B.H.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cao B, Zeng M, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Cao Y, Wu Y, Feng W, Zheng X. Amentoflavone Ameliorates Memory Deficits and Abnormal Autophagy in Aβ 25-35-Induced Mice by mTOR Signaling. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:921-934. [PMID: 33492604 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which autophagy plays a crucial role. Amentoflavone is a flavonoid obtained from various plants and has been shown to have AD-resistant neuroprotective effects. This study investigated the role of amentoflavone on memory impairment and abnormal autophagy in amyloid-β25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced mice to elucidate the mechanisms by which it exerts neuroprotective effects. In this experiment, the AD mouse model was established by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ25-35 peptides, and amentoflavone was administered orally for 4 weeks. Behavioral changes in mice and pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed, and levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy in the brain were detected and analyzed. PC-12 and APPswe-N2a cells were used in vitro to further investigate the effect of amentoflavone on the level of intracellular autophagy. Molecular docking was used to determine the action sites of amentoflavone. The results showed that amentoflavone improved memory function, eased anxiety symptoms in Aβ25-35-induced mice, and reduced atrophic degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus. Moreover, amentoflavone lessened the oxidative stress and inflammation in the brains of mice. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that amentoflavone may enhance autophagy, by way of binding to the ATP site of the mTOR protein kinase domain. Amentoflavone not only interacted with mTOR, but also improved Aβ25-35-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by enhancing autophagy, attenuating levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, and reducing apoptosis in brain cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangang Cao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China. .,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bhattacharjee A, Ghosh S, Chatterji A, Chakraborty K. Neuron-glia: understanding cellular copper homeostasis, its cross-talk and their contribution towards neurodegenerative diseases. Metallomics 2020; 12:1897-1911. [PMID: 33295934 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the mechanism of copper homeostasis in various organ systems has gained importance. This is owing to the involvement of copper in a wide range of genetic disorders, most of them involving neurological symptoms. This highlights the importance of copper and its tight regulation in a complex organ system like the brain. It demands understanding the mechanism of copper acquisition and delivery to various cell types overcoming the limitation imposed by the blood brain barrier. The present review aims to investigate the existing work to understand the mechanism and complexity of cellular copper homeostasis in the two major cell types of the CNS - the neurons and the astrocytes. It investigates the mechanism of copper uptake, incorporation and export by these cell types. Furthermore, it brings forth the common as well as the exclusive aspects of neuronal and glial copper homeostasis including the studies from copper-based sensors. Glia act as a mediator of copper supply between the endothelium and the neurons. They possess all the qualifications of acting as a 'copper-sponge' for supply to the neurons. The neurons, on the other hand, require copper for various essential functions like incorporation as a cofactor for enzymes, synaptogenesis, axonal extension, inhibition of postsynaptic excitotoxicity, etc. Lastly, we also aim to understand the neuronal and glial pathology in various copper homeostasis disorders. The etiology of glial pathology and its contribution towards neuronal pathology and vice versa underlies the complexity of the neuropathology associated with the copper metabolism disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhattacharjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|