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Dong Q, Cui Z, Wu X, Li L, Lu F, Liu F. Natural flavonoid hesperetin blocks amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis, depolymerizes preformed fibrils and alleviates cytotoxicity caused by amyloids. Food Funct 2024; 15:4233-4245. [PMID: 38517352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05566c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides to form amyloid plaques is one of the primary hallmarks for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dietary flavonoid supplements containing hesperetin have an ability to decline the risk of developing AD, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this work, hesperetin, a flavanone abundant in citrus fruits, has been proven to prevent the formation of Aβ aggregates and depolymerized preformed fibrils in a concentration-dependent fashion. Hesperetin inhibited the conformational conversion from the natural structure to a β-sheet-rich conformation. It was found that hesperetin significantly reduced the cytotoxicity and relieved oxidative stress eventuated by Aβ aggregates in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the beneficial effects of hesperetin were confirmed in Caenorhabditis elegans, including the inhibition of the formation and deposition of Aβ aggregates and extension of their lifespan. Finally, the results of molecular dynamics simulations showed that hesperetin directly interacted with an Aβ42 pentamer mainly through strong non-polar and electrostatic interactions, which destroyed the structural stability of the preformed pentamer. To summarize, hesperetin exhibits great potential as a prospective dietary supplement for preventing and improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Zhan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Xinming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
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Tsukano C, Uchino A, Irie K. Synthesis and applications of symmetric amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:411-428. [PMID: 37877370 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01379k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric α-amino acid derivatives can be used for the synthesis of intermolecularly linked peptides such as dimer-type peptides, and modified peptides in which two amino acids are intramolecularly linked. They are also synthetic intermediates for the total synthesis of natural products and functional molecules. These symmetric amino acid derivatives must be prepared based on organic synthesis. It is necessary to develop an optimal synthetic strategy for constructing the target symmetric amino acid derivative. In this review, we will introduce strategies for synthesizing symmetric amino acid derivatives. Additionally, selected applications of these amino acids in the life sciences will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Novel Strategy for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment through Oral Vaccine Therapy with Amyloid Beta. Biologics 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuropathology characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and dementia. The disease is attributed to senile plaques, which are aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) outside nerve cells; neurofibrillary tangles, which are filamentous accumulations of phosphorylated tau in nerve cells; and loss of neurons in the brain tissue. Immunization of an AD mouse model with Aβ-eliminated pre-existing senile plaque amyloids and prevented new accumulation. Furthermore, its effect showed that cognitive function can be improved by passive immunity without side effects, such as lymphocyte infiltration in AD model mice treated with vaccine therapy, indicating the possibility of vaccine therapy for AD. Further, considering the possibility of side effects due to direct administration of Aβ, the practical use of the safe oral vaccine, which expressed Aβ in plants, is expected. Indeed, administration of this oral vaccine to Alzheimer’s model mice reduced Aβ accumulation in the brain. Moreover, almost no expression of inflammatory IgG was observed. Therefore, vaccination prior to Aβ accumulation or at an early stage of accumulation may prevent Aβ from causing AD.
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