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Bove M, Morgese MG, Dimonte S, Sikora V, Agosti LP, Palmieri MA, Tucci P, Schiavone S, Trabace L. Increased stress vulnerability in the offspring of socially isolated rats: Behavioural, neurochemical and redox dysfunctions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110945. [PMID: 38242425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Stressful events during pregnancy impact on the progeny neurodevelopment. However, little is known about preconceptional stress effects. The rat social isolation represents an animal model of chronic stress inducing a variety of dysfunctions. Moreover, social deprivation during adolescence interferes with key neurodevelopmental processes. Here, we investigated the development of behavioural, neurochemical and redox alterations in the male offspring of socially isolated female rats before pregnancy, reared in group (GRP) or in social isolation (ISO) from weaning until young-adulthood. To this aim, females were reared in GRP or in ISO conditions, from PND21 to PND70, when they were mated. Their male offspring was housed in GRP or ISO conditions through adolescence and until PND70, when passive avoidance-PA, novel object recognition-NOR and open field-OF tests were performed. Levels of noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), glutamate (GLU) and GABA were assessed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Moreover, cortical ROS levels were quantified, as well as NF-kB and the NADPH oxidase NOX2 expression, redox status (expressed as GSH:GSSG ratio) and SOD1 amount. A significant decrease of the latency time in the PA was observed in the offspring of ISO females. In the NOR test, while a significant increase in the exploratory activity towards the novel object was observed in the offspring of GRP females, no significant differences were found in the offspring of ISO females. No significant differences were found in the OF test among experimental groups. Theoffspring of ISO females showed increased NA and 5-HIAA levels, whereas in the offspring persistently housed in isolation condition from weaninguntil adulthood, we detected reduced 5-HT levels and ehnanced 5-HIAA amount. No significant changes in GLU concentrations were detected, while decreased GABA content was observed in the offspring of ISO females exposed to social isolation. Increased ROS levels as well as reduced NF-κB, NOX2 expression were detected in the offspring of ISO females. This was accompanied by reduced redox status and enhanced SOD1 levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that female exposure to chronic social stress before pregnancy might have a profound influence on the offspring neurodevelopment in terms of cognitive, neurochemical and redox-related alterations, identifying this specific time window for possible preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Lisa Pia Agosti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Palmieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, Foggia 71122, Italy
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2
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O'Connell CJ, Reeder EL, Hymore JA, Brown RS, Notorgiacomo GA, Collins SM, Gudelsky GA, Robson MJ. Transcriptomic dynamics governing serotonergic dysregulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus following mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114695. [PMID: 38246304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a leading cause of disability in the United States, with neuropsychiatric disturbances such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and social disturbances being common comorbidities following injury. The molecular mechanisms driving neuropsychiatric complications following neurotrauma are not well understood and current FDA-approved pharmacotherapies employed to ameliorate these comorbidities lack desired efficacy. Concerted efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of and identify novel drug candidates for treating neurotrauma-elicited neuropsychiatric sequelae are clearly needed. Serotonin (5-HT) is linked to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, however our understanding of how various forms of TBI directly affect 5-HT neurotransmission is limited. 5-HT neurons originate in the raphe nucleus (RN) of the midbrain and project throughout the brain to regulate diverse behavioral phenotypes. We hypothesize that the characterization of the dynamics governing 5-HT neurotransmission after injury will drive the discovery of novel drug targets and lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric disturbances following mild TBI (mTBI). Herein, we provide evidence that closed-head mTBI alters total DRN 5-HT levels, with RNA sequencing of the DRN revealing injury-derived alterations in transcripts required for the development, identity, and functional stability of 5-HT neurons. Further, using gene ontology analyses combined with immunohistological analyses, we have identified a novel mechanism of transcriptomic control within 5-HT neurons that may directly influence 5-HT neuron identity/function post-injury. These studies provide molecular evidence of injury-elicited 5-HT neuron dysregulation, data which may expedite the identification of novel therapeutic targets to attenuate TBI-elicited neuropsychiatric sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Connell
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evan L Reeder
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacob A Hymore
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan S Brown
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sean M Collins
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gary A Gudelsky
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J Robson
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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3
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Khan N, Uribe Isaza J, Rouhi N, Jamani NF, Jabeen S, Gill AK, Tsutsui M, Visser F, Sargin D. Behavioral and Neurophysiological Implications of Pathological Human Tau Expression in Serotonin Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:932-943. [PMID: 38377680 PMCID: PMC10921395 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that results in a severe loss of brain cells and irreversible cognitive decline. Memory problems are the most recognized symptoms of AD. However, approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with AD suffer from behavioral symptoms, including mood changes and social impairment years before cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is among the initial regions that show tau pathology, which is a hallmark feature of AD. The DRN harbors serotonin (5-HT) neurons, which are critically involved in mood, social, and cognitive regulation. Serotonergic impairment early in the disease process may contribute to behavioral symptoms in AD. However, the mechanisms underlying vulnerability and contribution of the 5-HT system to AD progression remain unknown. Here, we performed behavioral and electrophysiological characterizations in mice expressing a phosphorylation-prone form of human tau (hTauP301L) in 5-HT neurons. We found that pathological tau expression in 5-HT neurons induces anxiety-like behavior and alterations in stress-coping strategies in female and male mice. Female mice also exhibited social disinhibition and mild cognitive impairment in response to 5-HT neuron-specific hTauP301L expression. Behavioral alterations were accompanied by disrupted 5-HT neuron physiology in female and male hTauP301L expressing mice with exacerbated excitability disruption in females only. These data provide mechanistic insights into the brain systems and symptoms impaired early in AD progression, which is critical for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmus
S. Khan
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Juan Uribe Isaza
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nahid Rouhi
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Naila F. Jamani
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shaista Jabeen
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amisha K. Gill
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mio Tsutsui
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Frank Visser
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Derya Sargin
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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4
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Ogelman R, Gomez Wulschner LE, Hoelscher VM, Hwang IW, Chang VN, Oh WC. Serotonin modulates excitatory synapse maturation in the developing prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1368. [PMID: 38365905 PMCID: PMC10873381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) imbalances in the developing prefrontal cortex (PFC) are linked to long-term behavioral deficits. However, the synaptic mechanisms underlying 5-HT-mediated PFC development are unknown. We found that chemogenetic suppression and enhancement of 5-HT release in the PFC during the first two postnatal weeks decreased and increased the density and strength of excitatory spine synapses, respectively, on prefrontal layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mice. 5-HT release on single spines induced structural and functional long-term potentiation (LTP), requiring both 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptor signals, in a glutamatergic activity-independent manner. Notably, LTP-inducing 5-HT stimuli increased the long-term survival of newly formed spines ( ≥ 6 h) via 5-HT7 Gαs activation. Chronic treatment of mice with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, during the first two weeks, but not the third week of postnatal development, increased the density and strength of excitatory synapses. The effect of fluoxetine on PFC synaptic alterations in vivo was abolished by 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptor antagonists. Our data describe a molecular basis of 5-HT-dependent excitatory synaptic plasticity at the level of single spines in the PFC during early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ogelman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Luis E Gomez Wulschner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Victoria M Hoelscher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - In-Wook Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Victoria N Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Won Chan Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Dai J, Ni W, Ding Q, Wu X, Fang J, Wu Y. Research trends in chemogenetics for neuroscience in recent 14 years: A bibliometric study in CiteSpace. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35291. [PMID: 37800804 PMCID: PMC10552966 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemogenetics has been widely adopted in Neuroscience. Neuroscience has become a hot research topic for scientists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the current status and trends in the global application of chemogenetics in neuroscience over the last 14 years via CiteSpace. METHODS Publications related to chemogenetics in neuroscience were retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Extended Web of Science from 2008 to 2021. We used CiteSpace to analyze publications, citations, cited journals, countries, institutions, authors, cited authors, cited references, and keywords. RESULTS A total of 947 records were retrieved from 2008 to 2021 on February 21, 2022. The number and rate of publications and citations increased significantly. Journal of Neuroscience was the most cited journal, and BRAIN RES BULL ranked first in the centrality of cited journals. The United States of America (USA) had the highest number of publications among the countries. Takashi Minamoto was the most prolific author and Armbruster BN ranked the first among authors cited. The first article in the frequency ranking of the references cited was published by Roth BL. The keyword of "nucleus accumben (NAc)" had the highest frequency. The top 3 keywords with the strongest citation bursts include "transgenic mice," "cancer," and "blood-brain barrier." CONCLUSION The period 2008 to 2021 has seen a marked increase in research on chemogenetics in neuroscience. The application of chemogenetics is indispensable for research in the field of neuroscience. This bibliometrics study provides the current situation and trend in chemogenetic methods in neuroscience in recent 14 years, which may help researchers to identify the hot topics and frontiers for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Dai
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqin Ni
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qike Ding
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Sonuga-Barke EJS, Becker SP, Bölte S, Castellanos FX, Franke B, Newcorn JH, Nigg JT, Rohde LA, Simonoff E. Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:506-532. [PMID: 36220605 PMCID: PMC10023337 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The science of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal - the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited. In this review, we provide a selective and focused survey of the scientific field of ADHD, providing our personal perspectives on what constitutes the scientific consensus, important new leads to be highlighted, and the key outstanding questions to be addressed going forward. We cover two broad domains - clinical characterization and, risk factors, causal processes and neuro-biological pathways. Part one focuses on the developmental course of ADHD, co-occurring characteristics and conditions, and the functional impact of living with ADHD - including impairment, quality of life, and stigma. In part two, we explore genetic and environmental influences and putative mediating brain processes. In the final section, we reflect on the future of the ADHD construct in the light of cross-cutting scientific themes and recent conceptual reformulations that cast ADHD traits as part of a broader spectrum of neurodivergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King’s College London. UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Stephen P. Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Francisco Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, Brazil
| | - Emily Simonoff
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King’s College London. UK
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7
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Morgan AA, Alves ND, Stevens GS, Yeasmin TT, Mackay A, Power S, Sargin D, Hanna C, Adib AL, Ziolkowski-Blake A, Lambe EK, Ansorge MS. Medial Prefrontal Cortex Serotonin Input Regulates Cognitive Flexibility in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534775. [PMID: 37034804 PMCID: PMC10081203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulates cognitive flexibility and emotional behavior. Neurons that release serotonin project to the mPFC, and serotonergic drugs influence emotion and cognition. Yet, the specific roles of endogenous serotonin release in the mPFC on neurophysiology and behavior are unknown. We show that axonal serotonin release in the mPFC directly inhibits the major mPFC output neurons. In serotonergic neurons projecting from the dorsal raphe to the mPFC, we find endogenous activity signatures pre-reward retrieval and at reward retrieval during a cognitive flexibility task. In vivo optogenetic activation of this pathway during pre-reward retrieval selectively improved extradimensional rule shift performance while inhibition impaired it, demonstrating sufficiency and necessity for mPFC serotonin release in cognitive flexibility. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were not affected by either optogenetic manipulation. Collectively, our data reveal a powerful and specific modulatory role of endogenous serotonin release from dorsal raphe-to-mPFC projecting neurons in cognitive flexibility.
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8
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Wang L, Wang M, Zhao C, Jian J, Qiao D. Association of HTR3B gene polymorphisms with depression and its executive dysfunction: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:128. [PMID: 36849934 PMCID: PMC9972617 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that depression was associated with HTR3B gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of the HTR3B gene and depression and its executive dysfunction in Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 229 patients with depressive disorder and 202 healthy controls were enrolled. Six Single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) including rs10789970, rs4938056, rs12421126, rs1176744, rs2276305 and rs12795805 were genotyped by Snapshot. Clinical features were collected using a general demographic questionnaire. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used to assess the symptoms' severity of the patients. The patients' executive function was assessed using a series of cognitive tests including Maze Test, Symbolic Coding Test, Spatial Span Inverse Order Test, Linking Test, and Emotional Management Test. RESULTS The genotypic and allelic distributions of rs1176744 in HTR3B gene were significantly different (χ2 = 11.129, P = 0.004, χ2 = 9.288, P = 0.002, respectively) between patients and controls. The A allele was positively correlated with depression. The proportion of A carriers was significantly higher and that of C carriers was lower in patients than those in controls. Patients had significantly lower scores of Spatial Span Inverse Order Test in carriers of A allele at locus rs1176744 and higher scores in carriers of C alleles at locus rs1176744 and rs12795805. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms of HTR3B gene may be associated with depression in Chinese Han population. The A allele of rs1176744 may increase the risk of developing depression and executive dysfunction while C alleles of rs1176744 and rs12795805 may be the protective factors for executive dysfunction in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Chaoben Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Jian
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Dongdong Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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9
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Hosseinzadeh Sahafi O, Rezayof A, Ghasemzadeh Z, Alijanpour S, Rahimian S. Ameliorating effect offluoxetine on tamoxifen-induced memory loss: The role of corticolimbic NMDA receptors and CREB/BDNF/cFos signaling pathways in rats. Brain Res 2022; 1794:148058. [PMID: 36007581 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen-induced cognitive dysfunction may lead to fluoxetine consumption in patients with breast cancer. Since the brain mechanisms are unclear in tamoxifen/fluoxetine therapy, the blockade effect of hippocampal/amygdala/prefrontal cortical NMDA receptors was examined in fluoxetine/tamoxifen-induced memory retrieval. We also assessed the corticolimbic signaling pathways in memory retrieval under the drug treatment in adult male Wistar rats. Using the Western blot technique, the expression levels of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and cFos were evaluated in the corticolimbic regions. The results showed that pre-test administration of fluoxetine (3 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) improved tamoxifen-induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance learning task. Pre-test bilateral microinjection of D-AP5, a selective NMDA receptor antagonist, into the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions and the central amygdala (CeA), but not the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), inhibited the improving effect of fluoxetine on tamoxifen response. It is important to note that the microinjection of D-AP5 into the different sites by itself did not affect memory retrieval. Memory retrieval increased the signaling pathway of pCREB/CREB/BDNF/cFos in the corticolimbic regions. Tamoxifen-induced memory impairment decreased the hippocampal/PFC BDNF level and the amygdala level of pCREB/CREB/cFos. The improving effect of fluoxetine on tamoxifen significantly increased the hippocampal/PFC expression levels of BDNF, the PFC/amygdala expression levels of cFos, and the ratio of pCREB/CREB in all targeted areas. Thus, NMDA receptors' activity in the different corticolimbic regions mediates fluoxetine/tamoxifen memory retrieval. The corticolimbic synaptic plasticity changes likely accompany the improving effect of fluoxetine on tamoxifen response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oveis Hosseinzadeh Sahafi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | - Sepehrdad Rahimian
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Browne CA, Clarke G, Fitzgerald P, O'Sullivan J, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Distinct post-sepsis induced neurochemical alterations in two mouse strains. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:39-53. [PMID: 35569797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis associated encephalopathy, occurs in 70% of severe septic cases, following which survivors exhibit long-term cognitive impairment or global loss of cognitive function. Currently there is no clearly defined neurochemical basis of septic encephalopathy. Moreover, the lingering neurological complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the significant worsening in outcomes for those individuals with SARS-Cov-2 following sepsis underscore the need to define factors underlying the susceptibility to acute toxic encephalitis. In this study, differential neurochemical sequelae in response to sepsis (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia and caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)), were evaluated in two inbred mouse strains, known to differ in behaviour, immune profile, and neurotransmitter levels, namely BALB/c and C57BL/6J. It was hypothesized that these strains would differ in sepsis severity, cytokine profile, peripheral tryptophan metabolism and central monoamine turnover. BALB/c mice exhibited more pronounced sickness behavioural scores, hypothermia, and significant upregulation of cytokines in the LPS model relative to C57BL/6J mice. Increased plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, hippocampal serotonin and brainstem dopamine turnover were evident in both strains, but the magnitude was greater in BALB/c mice. In addition, CLP significantly enhanced kynurenine levels and hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in C57BL/6J mice. Overall, these studies depict consistent changes in kynurenine, serotonin, and dopamine post sepsis. Further evaluation of these monoamines in the context of septic encephalopathy and cognitive decline is warranted. Moreover, these data suggest the continued evaluation of altered peripheral kynurenine metabolism as a potential blood-based biomarker of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Browne
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Neuropharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Neuropharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Neuropharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
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11
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Liu S, Zhang R. Aerobic Exercise Alleviates the Impairment of Cognitive Control Ability Induced by Sleep Deprivation in College Students: Research Based on Go/NoGo Task. Front Psychol 2022; 13:914568. [PMID: 35846633 PMCID: PMC9280485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe whether aerobic exercise is able to alleviate the impairment of cognitive control ability in college students by sleep deprivation through cognitive control (Go-NoGo task) and blood-based markers. Taking 30 healthy college students (15 males and 15 females) as participants, using a random cross-over design within groups, respectively perform one night of sleep deprivation and one night of normal sleep (8 h). The exercise intervention modality was to complete a 30-min session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a power bicycle. Change in cognitive control was assessed using the Go/NoGo task paradigm; 5-ht and blood glucose contentwere determined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and glucose oxidase electrode Measurement, respectively. The results showed that sleep deprivation could significantly reduce the response inhibition ability and response execution ability, and significantly reduce the blood 5-ht content (p< 0.01). Thirty minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise intervention significantly increased response inhibition ability and response execution ability, significantly increased blood 5-ht content (p<0.01), and did not change serum glucose levels. Conclusion: An acute aerobic exercise can alleviate the cognitive control impairment caused by sleep deprivation, and 5-ht may be one of the possible mechanisms by which aerobic exercise alleviates the cognitive control impairment caused by sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwu Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Luliang University, Luliang, China
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12
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Involvement of DR→mPFC 5-HTergic neural projections in changes of social exploration behaviors caused by adult chronic social isolation in mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Sevoflurane diminishes neurogenesis and promotes ferroptosis in embryonic prefrontal cortex via inhibiting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression. Neuroreport 2022; 33:252-258. [PMID: 35275882 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal sevoflurane exposure may pose neurotoxicity to embryonic brain development and lead to cognitive dysfunction in offspring, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to investigate whether sevoflurane could cause neurogenesis abnormality and ferroptosis in embryonic prefrontal cortex (PFC) and to identify the role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity. METHODS We used the rodents and primary neural stem cells to examine whether sevoflurane impacted proliferation, differentiation, ferroptosis and apoptosis in the neural stem cells of embryonic PFC. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and the intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also assessed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. RESULTS Our results showed that sevoflurane exposure in third trimester could lead to neurogenesis inhibition and ferroptosis in-vivo embryonic PFC, with little influence on apoptosis. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression of Nrf2 as well as an increase in ROS accumulation were also found in neural stem cells after sevoflurane anesthesia. CONCLUSION We conclude that Nrf2-related neurogenesis inhibition and ferroptosis are a central mechanism contributing to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in embryonic brain. The results of the present study are the first to demonstrate that ferroptosis and the expression of Nrf2 are involved in sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity in embryonic brain, which provides new vision for consideration in anesthesia-associated neurological abnormalities.
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14
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Soslau G. Cardiovascular serotonergic system: Evolution, receptors, transporter, and function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:115-127. [PMID: 34662506 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic system, serotonin (5HT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and serotonin receptors (5HT-x), is an evolutionarily ancient system that has clear physiological advantages to all life forms from bacteria to humans. This review focuses on the role of platelet/plasma serotonin and the cardiovascular system with minor references to its significant neurotransmitter function. Platelets transport and store virtually all plasma serotonin in dense granules. Stored serotonin is released from activated platelets and can bind to serotonin receptors on platelets and cellular components of the vascular wall to augment aggregation and induce vasoconstriction or vasodilation. The vascular endothelium is critical to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. While there are numerous ligands, neurological components, and baroreceptors that effect vascular tone it is proposed that serotonin and nitric oxide (an endothelium relaxing factor) are major players in the regulation of systemic blood pressure. Signals not fully defined, to date, that direct serotonin binding to one of the 15 identified 5HT receptors versus the transporter, and the role platelet/plasma serotonin plays in regulating hypertension within the cardiovascular system remain important issues to better understand many diseases and to develop new drugs. Also, expanded research of these pathways in lower life-forms may serve as important model systems to further our understanding of the evolution and mechanisms of action of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Soslau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Caligiore D, Montedori F, Buscaglione S, Capirchio A. Increasing Serotonin to Reduce Parkinsonian Tremor. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:682990. [PMID: 34354572 PMCID: PMC8331097 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.682990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While current dopamine-based drugs seem to be effective for most Parkinson's disease (PD) motor dysfunctions, they produce variable responsiveness for resting tremor. This lack of consistency could be explained by considering recent evidence suggesting that PD resting tremor can be divided into different partially overlapping phenotypes based on the dopamine response. These phenotypes may be associated with different pathophysiological mechanisms produced by a cortical-subcortical network involving even non-dopaminergic areas traditionally not directly related to PD. In this study, we propose a bio-constrained computational model to study the neural mechanisms underlying a possible type of PD tremor: the one mainly involving the serotoninergic system. The simulations run with the model demonstrate that a physiological serotonin increase can partially recover dopamine levels at the early stages of the disease before the manifestation of overt tremor. This result suggests that monitoring serotonin concentration changes could be critical for early diagnosis. The simulations also show the effectiveness of a new pharmacological treatment for tremor that acts on serotonin to recover dopamine levels. This latter result has been validated by reproducing existing data collected with human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caligiore
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Montedori
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Buscaglione
- Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit (NeXT), Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Capirchio
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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16
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Pereyra AE, Mininni CJ, Zanutto BS. Information capacity and robustness of encoding in the medial prefrontal cortex are modulated by the bioavailability of serotonin and the time elapsed from the cue during a reward-driven task. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13882. [PMID: 34230550 PMCID: PMC8260631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a key neuromodulator of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) functions. Pharmacological manipulation of systemic 5-HT bioavailability alters the electrical activity of mPFC neurons. However, 5-HT modulation at the population level is not well characterized. In the present study, we made single neuron extracellular recordings in the mPFC of rats performing an operant conditioning task, and analyzed the effect of systemic administration of fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) on the information encoded in the firing activity of the neural population. Chronic (longer than 15 days), but not acute (less than 15 days), fluoxetine administration reduced the firing rate of mPFC neurons. Moreover, fluoxetine treatment enhanced pairwise entropy but diminished noise correlation and redundancy in the information encoded, thus showing how mPFC differentially encodes information as a function of 5-HT bioavailability. Information about the occurrence of the reward-predictive stimulus was maximized during reward consumption, around 3 to 4 s after the presentation of the cue, and it was higher under chronic fluoxetine treatment. However, the encoded information was less robust to noise corruption when compared to control conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ezequiel Pereyra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Camilo J Mininni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Silvano Zanutto
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Association of Peripheral Plasma Neurotransmitters with Cognitive Performance in Chronic High-altitude Exposure. Neuroscience 2021; 463:97-107. [PMID: 33540052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term living at high altitude causes significant impairment of cognitive function. Central neurotransmitters are potential mediators of cognitive performance. We aimed to determine whether there were significant associations between select peripheral plasma neurotransmitters and cognitive performance in humans with chronic high-altitude (HA) exposure and to determine the association between peripheral plasma neurotransmitters and brain neurotransmitters in rats after chronic hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure. We demonstrated that 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and GABA in the peripheral plasma were associated with cognitive performance in humans with HA exposure. Consistent with this result, peripheral plasma DOPA, dopamine, serotonin, 5-HIAA and glutamate were associated with brain neurotransmitter levels after chronic HH exposure in rats. These results provide experimental data indicating that neurotransmitter levels and cognitive performance are modified in chronic high-altitude exposure, with a possible causal effect.
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18
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Nadeau SE. Neural mechanisms of emotions, alexithymia, and depression. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 183:299-313. [PMID: 34389124 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter brings the powerful conceptual tools of the science of parallel distributed processing (PDP) to bear on the cognitive neuroscience of emotions discussed in this book. Cerebral representations are encoded as patterns of activity involving billions of neurons. PDP across these neuronal populations provides the basis for a number of emergent properties: (1) processing occurs and knowledge (long term memories) is stored (as synaptic connection strengths) in exactly the same networks; (2) networks have the capacity for setting into stable attractor states corresponding to concepts, symbols, implicit rules, or data transformations; (3) networks provide the scaffold for the acquisition of knowledge, but knowledge is acquired through experience; (4) PDP networks are adept at incorporating the statistical regularities of experience as well as frequency and age of acquisition effects; (5) networks enable content-addressable memory; (6) because knowledge is distributed throughout networks, they exhibit the property of graceful degradation; (7) networks intrinsically provide the capacity for inference. With this perspective, I propose a new model of emotional function that reasonably accounts for the effects of focal lesions at various points (insula, orbitofrontal cortex, convexity cortex, and intervening white matter) due to stroke, trauma, surgery, and degenerative disease, as reflected in disorders of affective prosody, facial emotional comprehension and expression, emotional behavior, and personality. I consider a modification of the James Lange theory that takes into account the role of a lifetime of subjective knowledge acquisition by the orbitofrontal cortex. Alexithymia is conceptualized as a disorder of the insula/orbitofrontal cortex/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC) system, the function of which can be disrupted by degradation of knowledge at a number of different locations. Finally, I consider the possibility that depression reflects pathological learning involving the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices such that there is a pathologic engagement of the two regions, as suggested by Rolls. I conclude with a consideration of the peculiar responsivity of depression to serotonergic and noradrenergic agents, as well as to surgical orbitofrontal undercutting, and what that might be telling us about the mechanisms of depression and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Nadeau
- Research Service and the Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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19
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Vahid-Ansari F, Albert PR. Rewiring of the Serotonin System in Major Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:802581. [PMID: 34975594 PMCID: PMC8716791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.802581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter that is implicated in a wide variety of behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. Originating in the raphe nuclei, 5-HT neurons project widely to innervate many brain regions implicated in the functions. During the development of the brain, as serotonin axons project and innervate brain regions, there is evidence that 5-HT plays key roles in wiring the developing brain, both by modulating 5-HT innervation and by influencing synaptic organization within corticolimbic structures. These actions are mediated by 14 different 5-HT receptors, with region- and cell-specific patterns of expression. More recently, the role of the 5-HT system in synaptic re-organization during adulthood has been suggested. The 5-HT neurons have the unusual capacity to regrow and reinnervate brain regions following insults such as brain injury, chronic stress, or altered development that result in disconnection of the 5-HT system and often cause depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Chronic treatment with antidepressants that amplify 5-HT action, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), appears to accelerate the rewiring of the 5-HT system by mechanisms that may be critical to the behavioral and cognitive improvements induced in these models. In this review, we survey the possible 5-HT receptor mechanisms that could mediate 5-HT rewiring and assess the evidence that 5-HT-mediated brain rewiring is impacting recovery from mental illness. By amplifying 5-HT-induced rewiring processes using SSRIs and selective 5-HT agonists, more rapid and effective treatments for injury-induced mental illness or cognitive impairment may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Vahid-Ansari
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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20
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Pati S, Saba K, Salvi SS, Tiwari P, Chaudhari PR, Verma V, Mukhopadhyay S, Kapri D, Suryavanshi S, Clement JP, Patel AB, Vaidya VA. Chronic postnatal chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons evokes persistent changes in mood behavior. eLife 2020; 9:56171. [PMID: 32955432 PMCID: PMC7652419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early adversity is a risk factor for the development of adult psychopathology. Common across multiple rodent models of early adversity is increased signaling via forebrain Gq-coupled neurotransmitter receptors. We addressed whether enhanced Gq-mediated signaling in forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life can evoke persistent mood-related behavioral changes. Excitatory hM3Dq DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life (P2–14), but not in juvenile or adult windows, increased anxiety-, despair-, and schizophrenia-like behavior in adulthood. This was accompanied by an enhanced metabolic rate of cortical and hippocampal glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, we observed reduced activity and plasticity-associated marker expression, and perturbed excitatory/inhibitory currents in the hippocampus. These results indicate that Gq-signaling-mediated activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during the critical postnatal window is sufficient to program altered mood-related behavior, as well as functional changes in forebrain glutamate and GABA systems, recapitulating aspects of the consequences of early adversity. Stress and adversity in early childhood can have long-lasting effects, predisposing people to mental illness and mood disorders in adult life. The weeks immediately before and after birth are critical for establishing key networks of neurons in the brain. Therefore, any disruption to these neural circuits during this time can be detrimental to emotional development. However, it is still unclear which cellular mechanisms cause these lasting changes in behavior. Studies in animals suggest that these long-term effects could result from abnormalities in a few signaling pathways in the brain. For example, it has been proposed that overstimulating the cells that activate circuits in the forebrain – also known as excitatory neurons – may contribute to the behavioral changes that persist into adulthood. To test this theory, Pati et al. used genetic engineering to modulate a signaling pathway in male mice, which is known to stimulate excitatory neurons in the forebrain. The experiments showed that prolonged activation of excitatory neurons in the first two weeks after birth resulted in anxious and despair-like behaviors as the animals aged. The mice also displayed discrepancies in how they responded to certain external sensory information, which is a hallmark of schizophrenia-like behavior. However, engineering the same changes in adolescent and adult mice had no effect on their mood-related behaviors. This animal study reinforces just how critical the first few weeks of life are for optimal brain development. It provides an insight into a possible mechanism of how disruption during this time could alter emotional behavior. The findings are also relevant to psychiatrists interested in the underlying causes of mental illness after early childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthitapranjya Pati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kamal Saba
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sonali S Salvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Praachi Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik R Chaudhari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijaya Verma
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sourish Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Darshana Kapri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shital Suryavanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anant B Patel
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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21
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Oliver DK, Intson K, Sargin D, Power SK, McNabb J, Ramsey AJ, Lambe EK. Chronic social isolation exerts opposing sex-specific consequences on serotonin neuronal excitability and behaviour. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108015. [PMID: 32092443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation raises the risk for mood disorders associated with serotonergic disruption. Yet, the underlying mechanisms by which the stress of social isolation increases risk are not well understood. Men and women are differently vulnerable; however, this modulating role of sex is challenging to study in humans under carefully controlled conditions. Therefore, we investigated this question in mice of both sexes, asking how the long-term stress of social isolation (from weaning into adulthood) affects the excitability of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus as well as mouse behaviour. The electrophysiological experiments and the first set of behavioural tests were conducted in young adult mice, with additional behavioural assays completed as the mice matured to assess the stability of their behavioural phenotype. We found that social isolation exerted seemingly-opposite effects in male and female mice, relative to their respective group-housed littermate controls. This distinctive pattern was observed for the effect of social isolation on the control of serotonergic neuron excitability via the SK family of calcium-activated potassium channels. Furthermore, we observed a similar and consistent pattern on tests relevant to assessing the efficacy of anti-depressant medicines, including the forced swim test, the novelty-suppressed feeding test, and the sucrose preference test. These findings underscore the concept that stress-elicited illness manifests distinctly in males and females and that treatments aimed at restoring serotonergic function may require a sex-specific approach. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katheron Intson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derya Sargin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saige K Power
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janice McNabb
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of OBGYN, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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