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de Souza GH, Vaz MS, Dos Santos Radai JA, Fraga TL, Rossato L, Simionatto S. Synergistic interaction of polymyxin B with carvacrol: antimicrobial strategy against polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:181-193. [PMID: 38329374 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The antimicrobial activities of the synergistic combination of carvacrol and polymyxin B against polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were evaluated. Methods: The methods employed checkerboard assays to investigate synergism, biofilm inhibition assessment and membrane integrity assay. In addition, the study included in vivo evaluation using a mouse infection model. Results: The checkerboard method evaluated 48 combinations, with 23 indicating synergistic action. Among these, carvacrol 10 mg/kg plus polymyxin B 2 mg/kg exhibited in vivo antimicrobial activity in a mouse model of infection, resulting in increased survival and a significant decrease in bacterial load in the blood. Conclusion: Polymyxin in synergy with carvacrol represents a promising alternative to be explored in the development of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyce Ha de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79825-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Sm Vaz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79825-900, Brazil
| | - Joyce A Dos Santos Radai
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79825-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Fraga
- Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados - UNIGRAN, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79824-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Rossato
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79825-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79825-900, Brazil
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2
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Qiao L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chi X, Ding J, Zhang H, Han Y, Zhang B, Jiang J, Lin Y. Synergistic Activity and Mechanism of Sanguinarine with Polymyxin B against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38258081 PMCID: PMC10820148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Compounds that potentiate the activity of clinically available antibiotics provide a complementary solution, except for developing novel antibiotics for the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). We sought to identify compounds potentiating polymyxin B (PMB), a traditional drug that has been revived as the last line for treating life-threatening GNB infections, thus reducing its nephrotoxicity and heterogeneous resistance in clinical use. In this study, we found a natural product, sanguinarine (SA), which potentiated the efficacy of PMB against GNB infections. The synergistic effect of SA with PMB was evaluated using a checkerboard assay and time-kill curves in vivo and the murine peritonitis model induced by Escherichia coli in female CD-1 mice in vivo. SA assisted PMB in accelerating the reduction in bacterial loads both in vitro and in vivo, improving the inflammatory responses and survival rate of infected animals. The subsequent detection of the intracellular ATP levels, membrane potential, and membrane integrity indicated that SA enhanced the bacterial-membrane-breaking capacity of PMB. A metabolomic analysis showed that the inhibition of energy metabolism, interference with nucleic acid biosynthesis, and the blocking of L-Ara4N-related PMB resistance may also contribute to the synergistic effect. This study is the first to reveal the synergistic activity and mechanism of SA with PMB, which highlights further insights into anti-GNB drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiangyin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jinwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
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3
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Rogga V, Kosalec I. Untying the anchor for the lipopolysaccharide: lipid A structural modification systems offer diagnostic and therapeutic options to tackle polymyxin resistance. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:145-166. [PMID: 37791675 PMCID: PMC10549895 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin antibiotics are the last resort for treating patients in intensive care units infected with multiple-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Due to their polycationic structure, their mode of action is based on an ionic interaction with the negatively charged lipid A portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The most prevalent polymyxin resistance mechanisms involve covalent modifications of lipid A: addition of the cationic sugar 4-amino-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) and/or phosphoethanolamine (pEtN). The modified structure of lipid A has a lower net negative charge, leading to the repulsion of polymyxins and bacterial resistance to membrane disruption. Genes encoding the enzymatic systems involved in these modifications can be transferred either through chromosomes or mobile genetic elements. Therefore, new approaches to resistance diagnostics have been developed. On another note, interfering with these enzymatic systems might offer new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This literature review focuses on diagnostic approaches based on structural changes in lipid A and on the therapeutic potential of molecules interfering with these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rogga
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Li D, Schneider-Futschik EK. Current and Emerging Inhaled Antibiotics for Chronic Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030484. [PMID: 36978351 PMCID: PMC10044129 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterized by impaired mucus transport and subsequent enhanced colonization of bacteria, pulmonary infection causes major morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are the two most common types of bacteria detected in CF lungs, which undergo multiple adaptational mechanisms such as biofilm formation resulting in chronic pulmonary infections. With the advantages of greater airway concentration and minimized systemic toxicity, inhaled antibiotics are introduced to treat chronic pulmonary infection in CF. Inhaled tobramycin, aztreonam, levofloxacin, and colistin are the four most common discussed inhaled antibiotics targeting P. aeruginosa. Additionally, inhaled liposomal amikacin and murepavadin are also in development. This review will discuss the virulence factors and adaptational mechanisms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in CF. The mechanism of action, efficacy and safety, current status, and indications of corresponding inhaled antibiotics will be summarized. Combination therapy and the strategies to select an optimal inhaled antibiotic protocol will also be discussed.
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5
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Antimicrobial Activity of Sertraline on Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054678. [PMID: 36902108 PMCID: PMC10002541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the antimicrobial activity of sertraline on Listeria monocytogenes and further investigated the effects of sertraline on biofilm formation and the virulence gene expression of L. monocytogenes. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration for sertraline against L. monocytogenes were in the range of 16-32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively. Sertraline-dependent damage of the cell membrane and a decrease in intracellular ATP and pHin in L. monocytogenes were observed. In addition, sertraline reduced the biofilm formation efficiency of the L. monocytogenes strains. Importantly, low concentrations (0.1 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL) of sertraline significantly down-regulated the expression levels of various L. monocytogens virulence genes (prfA, actA, degU, flaA, sigB, ltrC and sufS). These results collectively suggest a role of sertraline for the control of L. monocytogenes in the food industry.
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6
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Synergistic Effects of Capric Acid and Colistin against Colistin-Susceptible and Colistin-Resistant Enterobacterales. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010036. [PMID: 36671237 PMCID: PMC9854470 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a last-line antibiotic against Gram-negative pathogens. However, the emergence of colistin resistance has substantially reduced the clinical effectiveness of colistin. In this study, synergy between colistin and capric acid was examined against twenty-one Gram-negative bacterial isolates (four colistin-susceptible and seventeen colistin-resistant). Checkerboard assays showed a synergistic effect against all colistin-resistant strains [(FICI, fractional inhibitory concentration index) = 0.02-0.38] and two colistin-susceptible strains. Time-kill assays confirmed the combination was synergistic. We suggest that the combination of colistin and capric acid is a promising therapeutic strategy against Gram-negative colistin-resistant strains.
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7
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Koh Jing Jie A, Hussein M, Rao GG, Li J, Velkov T. Drug Repurposing Approaches towards Defeating Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Novel Polymyxin/Non-Antibiotic Combinations. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121420. [PMID: 36558754 PMCID: PMC9781023 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens remain an unmet public health threat. In recent times, increased rates of resistance have been reported not only to commonly used antibiotics, but also to the last-resort antibiotics, such as polymyxins. More worryingly, despite the current trends in resistance, there is a lack of new antibiotics in the drug-discovery pipeline. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to preserve the clinical efficacy of the current antibiotics, particularly the last-line agents. Combining conventional antibiotics such as polymyxins with non-antibiotics (or adjuvants), has emerged as a novel and effective strategy against otherwise untreatable MDR pathogens. This review explores the available literature detailing the latest polymyxin/non-antibiotic combinations, their mechanisms of action, and potential avenues to advance their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Koh Jing Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wang D, Li C, Pan C, Wang Y, Xiang H, Feng Y, Yang X, Chen S, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Li L, Kawai Y, Yamazaki K, Yamaki S. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of oregano essential oil against Morganella psychrotolerans and potential application in tuna. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Nitrite Promotes ROS Production to Potentiate Cefoperazone-Sulbactam-Mediated Elimination to Lab-Evolved and Clinical-Evolved Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0232721. [PMID: 35863024 PMCID: PMC9430864 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02327-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cefoperazone-sulbactam (SCF)-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a big challenge in the use of SCF to treat infection caused by the pathogen. We have recently shown exogenous nitrite-enabled killing of naturally and artificially evolved Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO, respectively) by SCF. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, reprogramming metabolomics was adopted to investigate how nitrite enhanced the SCF-mediated killing efficacy. Nitrite-reprogrammed metabolome displayed an activated pyruvate cycle (P cycle), which was confirmed by elevated activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. The activated P cycle provided NADH for the electron transport chain and thereby increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which potentiated SCF to kill AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO. The nitrite-enabled killing of AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO by SCF was inhibited by PDH inhibitor furfural and ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine but promoted by ROS promoter Fe3+. SCF alone could not induce ROS, but SCF-mediated killing efficacy was enhanced by ROS. In addition, the present study demonstrated that nitrite repressed antioxidants, which were partly responsible for the elevated ROS. These results reveal a nitrite-reprogrammed metabolome mechanism by which AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO sensitivity to SCF is elevated. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a real concern in hospital-acquired infections, especially in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Understanding antibiotic resistance mechanisms and developing novel control measures are highly appreciated. We have recently shown that a reduced nitrite-dependent NO biosynthesis contributes to cefoperazone-sulbactam (SCF) resistance, which is reverted by exogenous nitrite, in both naturally and artificially evolved P. aeruginosa strains (AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO, respectively). However, the mechanism is unknown. The present study reports that the nitrite-enabled killing of AP-RCLIN-EVO and AP-RLAB-EVO by SCF is attributed to the promoted production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nitrite activates the pyruvate cycle to generate NADH for the electron transport chain, which in turn promotes ROS generation. Nitrite-potentiated SCF-mediated killing is decreased by pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitor furfural and ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine but increased by ROS promoter Fe3+. Furthermore, SCF-mediated killing is promoted by H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the combination of nitrite and H2O2 greatly enhances SCF-mediated killing. These results not only disclose a nitrite-ROS-potentiated SCF-mediated killing, but also show SCF-mediated killing is dependent upon ROS.
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10
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Mechanisms Underlying Synergistic Killing of Polymyxin B in Combination with Cannabidiol against Acinetobacter baumannii: A Metabolomic Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040786. [PMID: 35456620 PMCID: PMC9025570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins have resurged as the last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. As reports of polymyxin resistance in A. baumannii with monotherapy have become increasingly common, combination therapy is usually the only remaining treatment option. A novel and effective strategy is to combine polymyxins with non-antibiotic drugs. This study aimed to investigate, using untargeted metabolomics, the mechanisms of antibacterial killing synergy of the combination of polymyxin B with a synthetic cannabidiol against A. baumannii ATCC 19606. The antibacterial synergy of the combination against a panel of Gram-negative pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was also explored using checkerboard and static time-kill assays. The polymyxin B–cannabidiol combination showed synergistic antibacterial activity in checkerboard and static time-kill assays against both polymyxin-susceptible and polymyxin-resistant isolates. The metabolomics study at 1 h demonstrated that polymyxin B monotherapy and the combination (to the greatest extent) significantly perturbed the complex interrelated metabolic pathways involved in the bacterial cell envelope biogenesis (amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis), nucleotides (purine and pyrimidine metabolism) and peptide metabolism; notably, these pathways are key regulators of bacterial DNA and RNA biosynthesis. Intriguingly, the combination caused a major perturbation in bacterial membrane lipids (glycerophospholipids and fatty acids) compared to very minimal changes induced by monotherapies. At 4 h, polymyxin B–cannabidiol induced more pronounced effects on the abovementioned pathways compared to the minimal impact of monotherapies. This metabolomics study for the first time showed that in disorganization of the bacterial envelope formation, the DNA and RNA biosynthetic pathways were the most likely molecular mechanisms for the synergy of the combination. The study suggests the possibility of cannabidiol repositioning, in combination with polymyxins, for treatment of MDR polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative infections.
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11
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Hussein M, Wong LJ, Zhao J, Rees VE, Allobawi R, Sharma R, Rao GG, Baker M, Li J, Velkov T. Unique mechanistic insights into pathways associated with the synergistic activity of polymyxin B and caspofungin against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1077-1087. [PMID: 35284046 PMCID: PMC8897686 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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12
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Su B, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhou L, Yang Z, Wang Z, Zhang J. Chitosan utilized for bacterial preparation for scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1258-1266. [PMID: 34851006 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial sample preparation is crucial for its observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, the current polylysine (PLL) method leads to bacterial morphological changes. To overcome this problem, we employed chitosan (CS) to coat coverslips to prepare bacteria for SEM and compared it with the PLL method. Coverslips coated with 0.025% (w/v) CS showed satisfactory bacterial binding ability. Within 30 min of binding time, the number of bacteria on CS-coated and PLL-coated coverslips exhibited no differences. Four bacteria strains were employed to compare the differences in SEM images between the two methods. Most of the bacteria showed irregular surface or sticky substances after settling on PLL-coated coverslips, while bacteria with clear surface texture were observed on CS-coated coverslips. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed deformed bacterial envelope on PLL-coated coverslips; meanwhile, similar intact envelope was observed from the bacteria on CS-coated coverslips and the bacteria without any treatment. The TEM results verified the morphological differences of SEM between the two methods. Except for morphology, the length of the rod-shaped bacteria was longer on CS-coated coverslips than that on PLL-coated coverslips, less shrinkage of the sample was observed, and CS could preserve the length of the rod-shaped bacteria better than PLL in its preparation for SEM. It is demonstrated that the low-cost CS could be utilized in bacterial preparation for SEM to acquire preferable images. Bacterial suspension with optical density at 600 nm of about 0.5, deposited on 0.025% CS-coated coverslips for 30 min, and followed by routine fixation, dehydration, and drying are optimal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Feng X, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun L, Li H, Wang C, Liu Y, Cao B. Synergistic Activity of Colistin Combined With Auranofin Against Colistin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676414. [PMID: 34248888 PMCID: PMC8267823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin-resistant (Col-R) bacteria are steadily increasing, and are extremely difficult to treat. New drugs or therapies are urgently needed to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Combination therapy with colistin and other old drugs, is an important way to restore the activity of colistin. This study aimed to investigate the activity of colistin in combination with the anti-rheumatic drug auranofin against Col-R Gram-negative bacteria. The results of checkerboard analysis demonstrated that auranofin synergized with colistin against Col-R Gram-negative bacteria. Time-kill assays showed significant synergistic antimicrobial activity of colistin combined with auranofin. Electron microscopy revealed that the combination resulted in more cellular structural alterations compared to each drug alone. Auranofin enhanced the therapeutic effectiveness of colistin in mouse peritoneal infection models. These results suggested that the combination of colistin and auranofin might be a potential alternative for the treatment of Col-R Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Feng
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Wei X, Gao Y, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X. A light-activated nanotherapeutic with broad-spectrum bacterial recognition to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1364-1369. [PMID: 33458729 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obstinate infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria severely threaten human health. And the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria increases the morbidity and mortality of patients, thus necessitating the development of innovative or alternative therapeutics. Here, a light-activated nanotherapeutic with broad-spectrum bacterial recognition is established as an antibiotic-free therapeutic agent against pathogens. The nanotherapeutic with external phenylboronic acid-based glycopolymers increases the stability and biocompatibility and shows the ability of bacterial recognition. Once irradiated with near-infrared light, this nanotherapeutic with high photothermal conversion efficiency disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane, thus killing bacterial cells. Importantly, it also eliminates the biofilms formed by both drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) effectively. Thus, this antibiotic-free nanotherapeutic with hypotoxicity offers a promising approach to fight increasingly serious antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yingchao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yuqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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16
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Liu J, Wu P, Wang F, Niu W, Ahmed Z, Chen M, Lu G, Dang Z. Differential regulation and the underlying mechanisms of clay minerals to Escherichia coli under the stress of polymyxin B: Comparing halloysite with kaolinite. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129095. [PMID: 33302200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of polymyxin B (PMB) has attracted extensive attention. Although the resistance mechanism to PMB is clear, there are few reports on the regulation mechanisms and effects of clay minerals on bacteria induced by PMB. The focus of this study is to investigate the multidrug resistance, cell morphology and physiological modification of Escherichia coli (E. coli) exposed to PMB in the presence and absence of clay minerals. To be specific, E. coli was cultured serially for 15 days in the increasing concentration of PMB, with or without halloysite or kaolinite. The potential influence mechanisms of halloysite and kaolinite on E. coli was analyzed by proteomics, antibiotic resistance testing, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. The results showed that kaolinite could obviously promote the growth of bacteria. Moreover, compared with halloysite, kaolinite could stimulate the overexpression of PMB resistance-related proteins ArnA, ArnB and EptA in E. coli exposed to PMB, and promote the synthesis of peptidoglycan and activate glycolysis pathway to produce energy. In contrast, halloysite was able to regulate the production of low molecular weight thiols by E. coli to prevent bacteria from producing excessive reactive oxygen species, activate the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to supply energy for bacterial life activities, and reduce multidrug resistance of E. coli in a variety of ways. These findings are essential for exploring the impacts of clay minerals on the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant strains in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenchao Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Meiqing Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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17
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Guo F, Liang Q, Zhang M, Chen W, Chen H, Yun Y, Zhong Q, Chen W. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Linalool against Shewanella putrefaciens. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010245. [PMID: 33466475 PMCID: PMC7796449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for reduced chemical preservative usage is currently growing, and natural preservatives are being developed to protect seafood. With its excellent antibacterial properties, linalool has been utilized widely in industries. However, its antibacterial mechanisms remain poorly studied. Here, untargeted metabolomics was applied to explore the mechanism of Shewanella putrefaciens cells treated with linalool. Results showed that linalool exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against S. putrefaciens, with 1.5 µL/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The growth of S. putrefaciens was suppressed completely at 1/2 MIC and 1 MIC levels. Linalool treatment reduced the membrane potential (MP); caused the leakage of alkaline phosphatase (AKP); and released the DNA, RNA, and proteins of S. putrefaciens, thus destroying the cell structure and expelling the cytoplasmic content. A total of 170 differential metabolites (DMs) were screened using metabolomics analysis, among which 81 species were upregulated and 89 species were downregulated after linalool treatment. These DMs are closely related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, linalool substantially affected the activity of key enzymes, such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), ATPase, and respiratory chain dehydrogenase. The results provided some insights into the antibacterial mechanism of linalool against S. putrefaciens and are important for the development and application of linalool in seafood preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiong Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wenxue Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yonghuan Yun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Weijun Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.G.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (W.C.); (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (W.C.)
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Ayoub Moubareck C. Polymyxins and Bacterial Membranes: A Review of Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Resistance. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10080181. [PMID: 32784516 PMCID: PMC7463838 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following their initial discovery in the 1940s, polymyxin antibiotics fell into disfavor due to their potential clinical toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. However, the dry antibiotic development pipeline, together with the rising global prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have both rejuvenated clinical interest in these polypeptide antibiotics. Parallel to the revival of their use, investigations into the mechanisms of action and resistance to polymyxins have intensified. With an initial known effect on biological membranes, research has uncovered the detailed molecular and chemical interactions that polymyxins have with Gram-negative outer membranes and lipopolysaccharide structure. In addition, genetic and epidemiological studies have revealed the basis of resistance to these agents. Nowadays, resistance to polymyxins in MDR Gram-negative pathogens is well elucidated, with chromosomal as well as plasmid-encoded, transferrable pathways. The aims of the current review are to highlight the important chemical, microbiological, and pharmacological properties of polymyxins, to discuss their mechanistic effects on bacterial membranes, and to revise the current knowledge about Gram-negative acquired resistance to these agents. Finally, recent research, directed towards new perspectives for improving these old agents utilized in the 21st century, to combat drug-resistant pathogens, is summarized.
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Jangra M, Raka V, Nandanwar H. In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Peptide Tridecaptin M in Combination with Other Antibiotics against Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143255. [PMID: 32708842 PMCID: PMC7397017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii coupled with the dried pipeline of novel treatments has driven the search for new therapeutic modalities. Gram-negative bacteria have an extra outer membrane that serves as a permeability barrier for various hydrophobic and/or large compounds. One of the popular approaches to tackle this penetration barrier is use of potentiators or adjuvants in combination with traditional antibiotics. This study reports the in vitro potential of an antimicrobial peptide tridecaptin M in combination with other antibiotics against different strains of A. baumannii. Tridecaptin M sensitized the bacteria to rifampicin, vancomycin, and ceftazidime. Further, we observed that a tridecaptin M and rifampicin combination killed the bacteria completely in 4 h in an ex vivo blood infection model and was superior to rifampicin monotherapy. The study also found that concomitant administration of both compounds is not necessary to achieve the antimicrobial effect. Bacteria pre-treated with tridecaptin M (for 2-4 h) followed by exposure to rifampicin showed similar killing as obtained for combined treatment. Additionally, this combination hampered the survival of persister development in comparison to rifampicin alone. These findings encourage the future investigation of this combination to treat severe infections caused by extremely drug-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Jangra
- Clinical Microbiology & Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160 036, India; (M.J.); (V.R.)
| | - Vrushali Raka
- Clinical Microbiology & Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160 036, India; (M.J.); (V.R.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology & Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160 036, India; (M.J.); (V.R.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
- Correspondence:
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