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Mistretta M, Cimino M, Campagne P, Volant S, Kornobis E, Hebert O, Rochais C, Dallemagne P, Lecoutey C, Tisnerat C, Lepailleur A, Ayotte Y, LaPlante SR, Gangneux N, Záhorszká M, Korduláková J, Vichier-Guerre S, Bonhomme F, Pokorny L, Albert M, Tinevez JY, Manina G. Dynamic microfluidic single-cell screening identifies pheno-tuning compounds to potentiate tuberculosis therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4175. [PMID: 38755132 PMCID: PMC11099131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-recalcitrant infections are a leading global-health concern. Bacterial cells benefit from phenotypic variation, which can suggest effective antimicrobial strategies. However, probing phenotypic variation entails spatiotemporal analysis of individual cells that is technically challenging, and hard to integrate into drug discovery. In this work, we develop a multi-condition microfluidic platform suitable for imaging two-dimensional growth of bacterial cells during transitions between separate environmental conditions. With this platform, we implement a dynamic single-cell screening for pheno-tuning compounds, which induce a phenotypic change and decrease cell-to-cell variation, aiming to undermine the entire bacterial population and make it more vulnerable to other drugs. We apply this strategy to mycobacteria, as tuberculosis poses a major public-health threat. Our lead compound impairs Mycobacterium tuberculosis via a peculiar mode of action and enhances other anti-tubercular drugs. This work proves that harnessing phenotypic variation represents a successful approach to tackle pathogens that are increasingly difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Mistretta
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbial Individuality and Infection Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mena Cimino
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbial Individuality and Infection Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Campagne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, 75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics Platform, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Ayotte
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Research Centre, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Steven R LaPlante
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Research Centre, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gangneux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbial Individuality and Infection Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Monika Záhorszká
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sophie Vichier-Guerre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Epigenetic Chemical Biology Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bonhomme
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Epigenetic Chemical Biology Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Laura Pokorny
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbial Individuality and Infection Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marvin Albert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Manina
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbial Individuality and Infection Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France.
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2
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Keroack CD, Elsworth B, Tennessen JA, Paul AS, Hua R, Ramirez-Ramirez L, Ye S, Moreira CM, Meyers MJ, Zarringhalam K, Duraisingh MT. Comparative chemical genomics in Babesia species identifies the alkaline phosphatase phoD as a novel determinant of resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544849. [PMID: 37398106 PMCID: PMC10312741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis and widely distributed veterinary infection caused by 100+ species of Babesia parasites. The diversity of Babesia parasites, coupled with the lack of potent inhibitors necessitates the discovery of novel conserved druggable targets for the generation of broadly effective antibabesials. Here, we describe a comparative chemogenomics (CCG) pipeline for the identification of novel and conserved targets. CCG relies on parallel in vitro evolution of resistance in independent populations of evolutionarily-related Babesia spp. ( B. bovis and B. divergens ). We identified a potent antibabesial inhibitor from the Malaria Box, MMV019266. We were able to select for resistance to this compound in two species of Babesia, achieving 10-fold or greater resistance after ten weeks of intermittent selection. After sequencing of multiple independently derived lines in the two species, we identified mutations in a single conserved gene in both species: a membrane-bound metallodependent phosphatase (putatively named PhoD). In both species, the mutations were found in the phoD-like phosphatase domain, proximal to the predicted ligand binding site. Using reverse genetics, we validated that mutations in PhoD confer resistance to MMV019266. We have also demonstrated that PhoD localizes to the endomembrane system and partially with the apicoplast. Finally, conditional knockdown and constitutive overexpression of PhoD alter the sensitivity to MMV019266 in the parasite: overexpression of PhoD results in increased sensitivity to the compound, while knockdown increases resistance, suggesting PhoD is a resistance mechanism. Together, we have generated a robust pipeline for identification of resistance loci, and identified PhoD as a novel determinant of resistance in Babesia species. Highlights Use of two species for in vitro evolution identifies a high confidence locus associated with resistance Resistance mutation in phoD was validated using reverse genetics in B. divergens Perturbation of phoD using function genetics results in changes in the level of resistance to MMV019266Epitope tagging reveals localization to the ER/apicoplast, a conserved localization with a similar protein in diatoms Together, phoD is a novel resistance determinant in multiple Babesia spp .
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Singh V, Dziwornu GA, Chibale K. The implication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated metabolism of targeted xenobiotics. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:340-354. [PMID: 37117810 PMCID: PMC10026799 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug metabolism is generally associated with liver enzymes. However, in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mtb-mediated drug metabolism plays a significant role in treatment outcomes. Mtb is equipped with enzymes that catalyse biotransformation reactions on xenobiotics with consequences either in its favour or as a hindrance by deactivating or activating chemical entities, respectively. Considering the range of chemical reactions involved in the biosynthetic pathways of Mtb, information related to the biotransformation of antitubercular compounds would provide opportunities for the development of new chemical tools to study successful TB infections while also highlighting potential areas for drug discovery, host-directed therapy, dose optimization and elucidation of mechanisms of action. In this Review, we discuss Mtb-mediated biotransformations and propose a holistic approach to address drug metabolism in TB drug discovery and related areas. ![]()
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics poses an important research question for antitubercular drug discovery. Identification of the metabolic fate of compounds can inform requisite structure–activity relationship strategies early on in a drug discovery programme towards improving the properties of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Singh
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Cioetto-Mazzabò L, Boldrin F, Beauvineau C, Speth M, Marina A, Namouchi A, Segafreddo G, Cimino M, Favre-Rochex S, Balasingham S, Trastoy B, Munier-Lehmann H, Griffiths G, Gicquel B, Guerin M, Manganelli R, Alonso-Rodríguez N. SigH stress response mediates killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by activating nitronaphthofuran prodrugs via induction of Mrx2 expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:144-165. [PMID: 36546765 PMCID: PMC9841431 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains highlights the need to discover anti-tuberculosis drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here we discovered a mycobactericidal strategy based on the prodrug activation of selected chemical derivatives classified as nitronaphthofurans (nNFs) mediated by the coordinated action of the sigH and mrx2 genes. The transcription factor SigH is a key regulator of an extensive transcriptional network that responds to oxidative, nitrosative, and heat stresses in M. tuberculosis. The nNF action induced the SigH stress response which in turn induced the mrx2 overexpression. The nitroreductase Mrx2 was found to activate nNF prodrugs, killing replicating, non-replicating and intracellular forms of M. tuberculosis. Analysis of SigH DNA sequences obtained from spontaneous nNF-resistant M. tuberculosis mutants suggests disruption of SigH binding to the mrx2 promoter site and/or RNA polymerase core, likely promoting the observed loss of transcriptional control over Mrx2. Mutations found in mrx2 lead to structural defects in the thioredoxin fold of the Mrx2 protein, significantly impairing the activity of the Mrx2 enzyme against nNFs. Altogether, our work brings out the SigH/Mrx2 stress response pathway as a promising target for future drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Beauvineau
- Chemical Library Institut Curie/CNRS, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196 and CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Martin Speth
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Alberto Marina
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain
| | - Amine Namouchi
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Greta Segafreddo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Mena Cimino
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | | | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain,Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France,Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain,Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia 48903, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Riccardo Manganelli. Tel: +39 049 827 2366; Fax: +39 049 827 2355;
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A New Benzothiazolthiazolidine Derivative, 11726172, Is Active In Vitro, In Vivo, and against Nonreplicating Cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mSphere 2022; 7:e0036922. [PMID: 36377880 PMCID: PMC9769805 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00369-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still poses a global menace as one of the deadliest infectious diseases. A quarter of the human population is indeed latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. People with latent infection have a 5 to 10% lifetime risk of becoming ill with TB, representing a reservoir for TB active infection. This is a worrisome problem to overcome in the case of relapse; unfortunately, few drugs are effective against nonreplicating M. tuberculosis cells. Novel strategies to combat TB, including its latent form, are urgently needed. In response to the lack of new effective drugs and after screening about 500 original chemical molecules, we selected a compound, 11726172, that is endowed with potent antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo and importantly also against dormant nonculturable bacilli. We also investigated the mechanism of action of 11726172 by applying a multidisciplinary approach, including transcriptomic, labeled metabolomic, biochemical, and microbiological procedures. Our results represent an important step forward in the development of a new antitubercular compound with a novel mechanism of action active against latent bacilli. IMPORTANCE The discontinuation of TB services due to COVID-19 causes concern about a future resurgence of TB, also considering that latent infection affects a high number of people worldwide. To combat this situation, the identification of antitubercular compounds targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis through novel mechanisms of action is necessary. These compounds should be active against not only replicating bacteria cells but also nonreplicating cells to limit the reservoir of latently infected people on which the bacterium can rely to spread after reactivation.
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Riabova O, Egorova A, Lepioshkin A, Li Y, Voigt K, Kloss F, Makarov V. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-Core Compounds Show Activity Against Clinically Relevant Gram-Positive Bacteria. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200207. [PMID: 35880634 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thieno[2,3- d ]pyrimidines represent a novel antibacterial prodrug scaffold, previously identified through a screening campaign against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in which the formation of highly antimycobacterial metabolites catalyzed by the nitroreductase Mrx2 is suggested to be the relevant killing mechanism. As analogical activation pathways may also be employed in other prokaryotes, in this work we explored general antibacterial effects of this compound class. Through exploration of the chemical space by different synthetic strategies, 51 novel derivatives were generated, biologically evaluated and thus enabled initial conclusions about structure-activity-relationships. Remarkably, anti-Gram-positive activity can be well modulated, particularly towards Staphylococci (MRSA) and even slightly against some Gram-negative strains. The two most promising hit compounds showed good pharmacokinetic properties in vitro as well as acceptable toxicity in HeLa cells qualifying them as starting points for lead generation campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Riabova
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Biomedicinal Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anna Egorova
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Biomedicinal Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander Lepioshkin
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Biomedicinal Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Yan Li
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut, Transfer Group Anti-infectives, GERMANY
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut, Jena Microbial Resource Collection, GERMANY
| | - Florian Kloss
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut, Transfer Group Anti-infectives, GERMANY
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Biomedicinal Chemistry, Leninsky pr 33-2, 119071, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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7
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Wang T, Wu F, Luo L, Zhang Y, Ma J, Hu Y. Efficient synthesis and cytotoxic activity of polysubstituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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N JB, Goudgaon N. A comprehensive review on pyrimidine analogs-versatile scaffold with medicinal and biological potential. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Rice AM, Long Y, King SB. Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources. Biomolecules 2021; 11:267. [PMID: 33673069 PMCID: PMC7918234 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatic antibiotics show activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites, finding use in the treatment of Heliobacter pylori infections, tuberculosis, trichomoniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Despite this activity and a clear need for the development of new treatments for these conditions, the associated toxicity and lack of clear mechanisms of action have limited their therapeutic development. Nitroaromatic antibiotics require reductive bioactivation for activity and this reductive metabolism can convert the nitro group to nitric oxide (NO) or a related reactive nitrogen species (RNS). As nitric oxide plays important roles in the defensive immune response to bacterial infection through both signaling and redox-mediated pathways, defining controlled NO generation pathways from these antibiotics would allow the design of new therapeutics. This review focuses on the release of nitrogen oxide species from various nitroaromatic antibiotics to portend the increased ability for these compounds to positively impact infectious disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (A.M.R.); (Y.L.)
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10
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Chiarelli LR, Degiacomi G, Egorova A, Makarov V, Pasca MR. Nitric oxide-releasing compounds for the treatment of lung infections. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:542-550. [PMID: 33181094 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spread of acquired drug resistance and of microorganisms naturally resistant to antibiotics is a major threat to global health, leading to an urgent need for novel antimicrobial compounds. Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) represents an attractive and promising antimicrobial approach, showing both bactericidal and biofilm dispersal activities. Numerous studies have been performed to develop NO donor scaffolds, including small molecules, macromolecular compounds, nanoparticles (NPs), and polymeric materials. This approach has resulted in successful outcomes, with some NO-releasing compounds entering clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the importance of this strategy, with a focus on lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent R Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Egorova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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11
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Mori G, Orena BS, Chiarelli LR, Degiacomi G, Riabova O, Sammartino JC, Makarov V, Riccardi G, Pasca MR. Rv0579 Is Involved in the Resistance to the TP053 Antitubercular Prodrug. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:292. [PMID: 32158439 PMCID: PMC7052010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from a single pathogen globally. It is estimated that 1/4 of the world’s population harbors latent tuberculosis, but only a 5–10% of patients will develop active disease. During latent infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can persist unaffected by drugs for years in a non-replicating state with low metabolic activity. The rate of the successful tuberculosis treatment is curbed by the presence of these non-replicating bacilli that can resuscitate after decades and also by the spread of M. tuberculosis drug-resistant strains. International agencies, including the World Health Organization, urge the international community to combat this global health emergency. The thienopyrimidine TP053 is a promising new antitubercular lead compound highly active against both replicating and non-replicating M. tuberculosis cells, with an in vitro MIC of 0.125 μg/ml. TP053 is a prodrug activated by the reduced form of the mycothiol-dependent reductase Mrx2, encoded by Rv2466c gene. After its activation, TP053 releases nitric oxide and a highly reactive metabolite, explaining its activity also against M. tuberculosis non-replicating cells. In this work, a new mechanism of TP053 resistance was discovered. M. tuberculosis spontaneous mutants resistant to TP053 were isolated harboring the mutation L240V in Rv0579, a protein with unknown function, but without mutation in Rv2466c gene. Recombineering method demonstrated that this mutation is linked to TP053 resistance. To better characterize Rv0579, the protein was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli and a direct interaction between the Mrx2 activated TP053 and Rv0579 was shown by an innovative target-fishing experiment based on click chemistry. Thanks to achieved results, a possible contribution of Rv0579 in M. tuberculosis RNA metabolism was hypothesized, linked to toxin anti-toxin system. Overall, these data confirm the role of Rv0579 in TP053 resistance and consequently in the metabolism of this prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laurent R Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - José Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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