1
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Huang H, Wei H, Huang L, Fan T, Li X, Zhang Z, Shi T. Spontaneous Alternating Copolymerization of Aziridines with Tosyl Isocyanate toward Polyureas. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Chen Q, Ye J, Zhu L, Luo J, Cao X, Zhang Z. Organocatalytic multicomponent polymerization of bis(aziridine)s, diols, and tosyl isocyanate toward poly(sulfonamide urethane)s. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Qu T, Rupar PA. Carbonyl Aziridines: Strained Amides for Rapid Polyamide Synthesis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taoguang Qu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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4
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The Anionic Polymerization of a tert-Butyl-Carboxylate-Activated Aziridine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163253. [PMID: 36015510 PMCID: PMC9416489 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Sulfonyl-activated aziridines are known to undergo anionic-ring-opening polymerizations (AROP) to form polysulfonyllaziridines. However, the post-polymerization deprotection of the sulfonyl groups from polysulfonyllaziridines remains challenging. In this report, the polymerization of tert-butyl aziridine-1-carboxylate (BocAz) is reported. BocAz has an electron-withdrawing tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) group on the aziridine nitrogen. The BOC group activates the aziridine for AROP and allows the synthesis of low-molecular-weight poly(BocAz) chains. A 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of poly(BocAz) suggested that the polymer is linear. The attainable molecular weight of poly(BocAz) is limited by the poor solubility of poly(BocAz) in AROP-compatible solvents. The deprotection of poly(BocAz) using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) cleanly produces linear polyethyleneimine. Overall, these results suggest that carbonyl groups, such as BOC, can play a larger role in the in the activation of aziridines in anionic polymerization and in the synthesis of polyimines.
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5
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6
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Giri C, Sisk SE, Reisman L, Kammakakam I, Bara JE, West KN, Rabideau BD, Rupar PA. Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerizations of N-Sulfonylaziridines in Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Sarah E. Sisk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Irshad Kammakakam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Jason E. Bara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kevin N. West
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
| | - Brooks D. Rabideau
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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7
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Archer WR, Dinges GE, MacNicol PL, Schulz MD. Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers based on poly( N-sulfonyl aziridine) macromonomers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized bottlebrush polymers with polyaziridine brushes and a polynorbornene backbone by a grafting-through approach. The polyaziridine macromonomer aggregates in solution, but these aggregates disperse over the course of the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Archer
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Grace E. Dinges
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Piper L. MacNicol
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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8
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Zhou Z, Wang Y, Zhu L, Dang D, Zhang Z. Tributylphosphine-catalyzed aziridine-based cycloaddition polymerization toward thiacyclic polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycloaddition polymerization of bis(N-sulfonyl aziridine)s with diisocyanates in the presence of tributylphosphine allows the facile synthesis of poly(thiazolidin-2-imine)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dai Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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9
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Chen S, Zhu L, Zhang Z. Catalyst-free aziridine-based step-growth polymerization: a facile approach to optically active poly(sulfonamide amine)s and poly(sulfonamide dithiocarbamate)s. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Step-growth polymerization of chiral bis(N-sulfonyl aziridine)s with diamines or bis(dialkyldithiocarbamate) in the absence of a catalyst allows the facile synthesis of optically active polysulfonamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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10
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Chen R, Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhang Z. Ultrafast organocatalytic
ring‐opening
polymerization of
N
‐sulfonyl
aziridine in the melt. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology) Ministry of Education Guangzhou China
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11
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Huo M, Bian Y, Yu C, Tong G, Zhang C, Zhu X. Sulfanion-initiated open-vessel anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) of N-sulfonyl aziridines. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Xu J, Hadjichristidis N. Well-Defined Poly(Ester Amide)-Based Homo- and Block Copolymers by One-Pot Organocatalytic Anionic Ring-Opening Copolymerization of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines and Cyclic Anhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6949-6954. [PMID: 33351198 PMCID: PMC8048504 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a new synthetic methodology for poly(ester amide)s by anionic ring-opening copolymerization of N-sulfonyl aziridines and cyclic anhydrides. Phosphazenes organocatalysts have been found to promote a highly-active, controlled, and selective alternating copolymerization in the absence of any competitive side reaction (zwitterionic mechanism and exchange transacylations). Mechanistic studies have shown first-order dependence of the copolymerization rate in N-sulfonyl aziridines and phosphazenes, and zero-order in cyclic anhydrides. This one-pot methodology leads not only to homopolymers but also to poly(ester amide)-based block copolymers. Two catalytic cycles involving ring-opening alternating copolymerization of N-sulfonyl aziridines with cyclic anhydrides and ring-opening polymerization of N-sulfonyl aziridines have been proposed to explain the one pot synthesis of poly(ester amide)-based homo- and block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryThuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryThuwal23955Saudi Arabia
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13
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Xu J, Hadjichristidis N. Well‐Defined Poly(Ester Amide)‐Based Homo‐ and Block Copolymers by One‐Pot Organocatalytic Anionic Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of
N
‐Sulfonyl Aziridines and Cyclic Anhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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14
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Li Z, Chen R, Wang Y, Zhu L, Luo W, Zhang Z, Hadjichristidis N. Solvent and catalyst-free modification of hyperbranched polyethyleneimines by ring-opening-addition or ring-opening-polymerization of N-sulfonyl aziridines. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening (polymerization) of N-sulfonyl aziridines with PEI under solvent/catalyst-free conditions allows the atom-economic synthesis of amphiphilic alkylated PEIs and luminescent PEI-graft-polysulfonamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhunxuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955
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15
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Xu G, Yang R, Yan H, Hao XQ, Wang Q. N-heterocyclic olefins catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Tetrabutylammonium fluoride initiated anionic ring-opening polymerizations of N–sulfonyl aziridines. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Luo W, Wang Y, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Wu C. One‐pot
tandem
ring‐opening
polymerization of
N
‐sulfonyl
aziridines and “click” chemistry to produce
well‐defined star‐shaped
polyaziridines. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yaocheng Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Chuande Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou China
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18
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Reisman L, Rowe EA, Jefcoat JA, Rupar PA. Activated Monomer Polymerization of an N-Sulfonylazetidine. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:334-338. [PMID: 35648542 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previously, N-(methanesulfonyl)azetidine (MsAzet) was found to polymerize anionically via ring-opening at temperatures >100 °C to form p(MsAzet) in the presence of an anionic initiator. In the current report, potassium(azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl) methanide (KMsAzet), formed from deprotonation of the methanesulfonyl group of MsAzet by KHMDS, is shown to undergo spontaneous AROP at room temperature to form p(N-K-MsAzet). The structure of p(N-K-MsAzet) differs from that of p(MsAzet), as the sulfonyl groups are incorporated into the polymer backbone of p(N-K-MsAzet). Reaction of p(N-K-MsAzet) with MeOH produces p(N-H-MsAzet), a semicrystalline polymer with a structure like that of polyamides, but with sulfonylamides in place of the carboxamides found in polyamides. Reaction of p(N-K-MsAzet) with benzyl bromide results in the formation of amorphous p(N-Bn-MsAzet). P(N-K-MsAzet) is hypothesized to form via an activated monomer anionic polymerization; this is supported by polymerization kinetic data and structural characterization of the resulting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Rowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Jefcoat
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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19
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Gleede T, Yu F, Luo YL, Yuan Y, Wang J, Wurm FR. Linear Well-Defined Polyamines via Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Activated Aziridines: From Mild Desulfonylation to Cell Transfection. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:20-25. [PMID: 35638659 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI), a standard for nonviral gene delivery, is usually prepared by hydrolysis from poly(2-oxazoline)s. Lately, anionic polymerization of sulfonamide-activated aziridines had been reported as an alternative pathway toward well-defined L-PEI and linear polyamines. However, desulfonylation of the poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s typically relied on harsh conditions (acid, microwave) or used a toxic solvent (e.g., hexamethylphosphoramide). In addition, the drastic change of polarity requires solvents, which keep poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s as well as L-PEI in solution, and only a limited number of strategies were reported. Herein, we prepared 1-(4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl) 2-methyl-aziridine (1) as a monomer for the anionic ring-opening polymerization. It was polymerized to well-defined and linear poly(sulfonyl aziridine)s. The 4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl-activating groups were removed under mild conditions to linear polypropylenimine (L-PPI). Using dodecanethiol and diazabicyclo-undecene (DBU) allowed ≥98% desulfonylation and a reliable purification toward polyamines with high purity and avoiding main-chain scission. This method represents a fast approach in comparison to previous methods used for postpolymerization desulfonylation and produces linear well-defined polyamines. The high control over molecular weight and dispersities achieved by living anionic polymerization are the key advantages of our strategy, especially if used for biomedical applications, in which molecular weight might correlate with toxicity. The synthesized polypropylenimine was further tested as a cell-transfection agent and proved, with 16.1% transfection efficiency of the cationic nanoparticles, to be an alternative to L-PEI obtained from the 2-oxazoline route. This general strategy will allow the preparation of complex macromolecular architectures containing polyamine segments, which were not accessible before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fangzhou Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Li Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youyong Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Gleede T, Markwart JC, Huber N, Rieger E, Wurm FR. Competitive Copolymerization: Access to Aziridine Copolymers with Adjustable Gradient Strengths. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Niklas Huber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Yang R, Wang Y, Luo W, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hadjichristidis N. Carboxylic Acid Initiated Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines: An Easy Access to Well-Controlled Polyaziridine-Based Architectural and Functionalized Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yaocheng Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuande Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael G. Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Susannah A. Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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23
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Rowe EA, Reisman L, Jefcoat JA, Rupar PA. Comparison of the Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerizations of N-(Alkylsulfonyl)azetidines. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Rowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Jefcoat
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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24
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Wang Y, Yang R, Luo W, Li Z, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hadjichristidis N. 2-Azaallyl Anion Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines: One-Pot Synthesis of Primary Amine-Ended Telechelic Polyaziridines. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruhan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhunxuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuande Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Lynd NA, Ferrier RC, Beckingham BS. Recommendation for Accurate Experimental Determination of Reactivity Ratios in Chain Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robert C. Ferrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Bryan S. Beckingham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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26
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Gleede T, Reisman L, Rieger E, Mbarushimana PC, Rupar PA, Wurm FR. Aziridines and azetidines: building blocks for polyamines by anionic and cationic ring-opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of aziridine and azetidine monomers and their ring-opening polymerization via different mechanisms is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | | | | | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
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27
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Reisman L, Rowe EA, Jackson EM, Thomas C, Simone T, Rupar PA. Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-(tolylsulfonyl)azetidines To Produce Linear Poly(trimethylenimine) and Closed-System Block Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15626-15630. [PMID: 30407804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The anionic ring-opening copolymerization of N-( p-tolylsulfonyl)azetidine ( pTsAzet) and N-( o-tolylsulfonyl)azetidine ( oTsAzet) produces poly( pTsAzet- co- oTsAzet) as a statistical copolymer. The pTsAzet/ oTsAzet copolymerization is living and allows for the synthesis of poly(sulfonylazetidine) of target molecular weights with narrow dispersities. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the kinetics of the polymerization and estimate the monomer reactivity ratios. It was found that the reactivity ratios for oTsAzet and pTsAzet at 180 °C are 1.66 and 0.60, respectively. The tosyl groups of p( pTsAzet- co- oTsAzet) were reductively removed to produce linear poly(trimethylenimine) (LPTMI). This represents the first route to LPTMI of controlled molecular weight and low dispersity. Finally, the slow kinetics of the sulfonylazetidine polymerization facilitated the synthesis of a block copolymer without requiring the sequential addition of monomer. Specifically, pTsAzet, oTsAzet, and ( N- p-toluenesulfonyl-2-methylaziridine) ( pTsMAz) were combined in solution. pTsMAz selectively polymerizes to form the first block at moderate temperature. After consumption of pTsMAz, the temperature was increased to copolymerize pTsAzet and oTsAzet and produce the block copolymer p( pTsMAz)- b-p( pTsAzet- co- oTsAzet).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487-0336 , United States
| | - Elizabeth A Rowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487-0336 , United States
| | - Enrique M Jackson
- Materials Test Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Martin Road SW , Huntsville , Alabama 35808 , United States
| | - Christian Thomas
- Materials Test Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Martin Road SW , Huntsville , Alabama 35808 , United States
| | - Tomekia Simone
- Department of Chemistry , Dillard University , 2601 Gentilly Boulevard , New Orleans , Louisiana 70122 , United States
| | - Paul A Rupar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487-0336 , United States
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28
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Wolf T, Wurm FR. Organocatalytic Ring-opening Polymerization Towards Poly(cyclopropane)s, Poly(lactame)s, Poly(aziridine)s, Poly(siloxane)s, Poly(carbosiloxane)s, Poly(phosphate)s, Poly(phosphonate)s, Poly(thiolactone)s, Poly(thionolactone)s and Poly(thiirane)s. ORGANIC CATALYSIS FOR POLYMERISATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788015738-00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The following chapter is a collection of monomers that undergo organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerizations and have not been covered in a separate chapter of this book. This includes polymers widely used in industrial applications, but also solely academically relevant and more “exotic” polymer classes. As most of these polymers contain heteroatoms in their backbone, the chapter is divided according to the respective heteroatoms. Each sub-section first gives a short introduction to the respective polymer or monomer properties and industrial applications (if available), followed by a brief summary of the traditional synthetic pathways. Afterwards, important milestones for the organocatalytic ROP are presented in chronological order. Special emphasis is put on the advantages and disadvantages of organocatalysis over traditional (ROP) methods on the basis of appropriate literature examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wolf
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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29
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Gleede T, Rieger E, Blankenburg J, Klein K, Wurm FR. Fast Access to Amphiphilic Multiblock Architectures by the Anionic Copolymerization of Aziridines and Ethylene Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13407-13412. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Klein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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30
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Gleede T, Rieger E, Liu L, Bakkali-Hassani C, Wagner M, Carlotti S, Taton D, Andrienko D, Wurm FR. Alcohol- and Water-Tolerant Living Anionic Polymerization of Aziridines. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rieger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Camille Bakkali-Hassani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, IPB-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stéphane Carlotti
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, IPB-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, IPB-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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31
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Rieger E, Gleede T, Manhart A, Lamla M, Wurm FR. Microwave-Assisted Desulfonylation of Polysulfonamides toward Polypropylenimine. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:598-603. [PMID: 35632962 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) has been the gold standard for gene delivery and is typically prepared by hydrolysis from poly(2-oxazoline)s. Recently, also the anionic polymerization of activated aziridines was reported as a potential pathway toward linear and well-defined polyamines. However, only sulfonamide-activated aziridines so far undergo the living anionic polymerization and their desulfonylation was only reported scarcely. This is mainly due to the relatively high stability of the sulfonamides and the drastic change in solubility during the desulfonylation. Herein, we investigated the desulfonylation of such poly(aziridine)s prepared from tosylated or mesylated propyleneimine to afford linear polypropylenimine (L-PPI) as an alternative to L-PEI. Different desulfonylation strategies for tosylated (Ts) and mesylated (Ms) PPI were studied. The reductive cleavage of the sulfonamide with sodium bis(2-methoxy ethoxy) aluminum hydride yielded 80% of deprotected amine groups. Quantitative conversion to L-PPI was obtained, when the tosylated PPI was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions with pTsOH under microwave (MW) irradiation. The same treatment removed 90% of the mesyl groups from the mesylated PPI analog. The MW-assisted acidic hydrolysis represents a fast, inexpensive and easy approach in comparison to other methods, where complex reaction conditions and tedious purifications are major drawbacks, however some chain scission may occur. The high purity of the obtained products, in combination with the versatility of the activated aziridine chemistry, demonstrate many advantages of our strategy, especially for future biomedical implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Lamla
- Institute for Organic Chemistry III/Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Coutouly C, Gleede T, Vignolle J, Wurm FR, Carlotti S, Taton D. Selective Initiation from Unprotected Aminoalcohols for the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Organocatalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Methyl-N-tosyl Aziridine: Telechelic and Block Copolymer Synthesis. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bakkali-Hassani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Clément Coutouly
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joan Vignolle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stéphane Carlotti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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33
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Mbarushimana PC, Liang Q, Allred JM, Rupar PA. Polymerizations of Nitrophenylsulfonyl-Activated Aziridines. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Jared M. Allred
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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34
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Rieger E, Blankenburg J, Grune E, Wagner M, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Kontrollierte Polymermikrostruktur in anionischer Polymerisation durch Kompartimentierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Eduard Grune
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | | | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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35
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Rieger E, Blankenburg J, Grune E, Wagner M, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Controlling the Polymer Microstructure in Anionic Polymerization by Compartmentalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2483-2487. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eduard Grune
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
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36
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Reisman L, Rowe EA, Liang Q, Rupar PA. The anionic ring-opening polymerization ofN-(methanesulfonyl)azetidine. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The first anionic ring-opening polymerization of an activated azetidine is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Reisman
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | | | - Qiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
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37
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Mees MA, Hoogenboom R. Full and partial hydrolysis of poly(2-oxazoline)s and the subsequent post-polymerization modification of the resulting polyethylenimine (co)polymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00978c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the full and partial hydrolysis of poly(2-oxazoline)s as well as the synthetic methods that have been reported to modify the resulting secondary amine groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten A. Mees
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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38
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Wang X, Liu Y, Li Z, Wang H, Gebru H, Chen S, Zhu H, Wei F, Guo K. Organocatalyzed Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerizations of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines with Organic Superbases. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1331-1336. [PMID: 35650812 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The anionic ring-opening polymerizations (AROPs) of N-sulfonyl aziridines, in the presence of organic superbases including phosphazene (t-Bu-P4), Verkade's base (P(i-PrNCH2CH2)3N, TiPP), DBU, MTBD, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine (TMG), using N-benzyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (BnN(H)Ts) as initiator were explored to produce metal-free poly(sulfonylaziridine)s. Among the superbases used, the catalytic activity was found directly proportional to their basicity. Remarkably, t-Bu-P4 and TiPP gave a living/controlled AROP of 2-methyl-N-tosylaziridine (TsMAz), where t-Bu-P4 performed better, affording the metal-free and well-defined poly(sulfonylaziridine)s with high molar masses (Mn(SEC) > 30 kg mol-1) and low dispersities (Đ < 1.10) in 3.5 h. For the less reactive monomers of 2-methyl-N-ethylsulfonyl aziridine (EsMAz) and 2-phenyl-N-tosylaziridine (TsPhAz), t-Bu-P4 showed the same excellent catalytic efficiency (30 equiv, conv. > 95%, 5 h). The organocatalyzed AROP allowed the use of lower catalyst (t-Bu-P4) loading than the amount of initiator (BnN(H)Ts), but the propagating polymer chains were as many as the number of equivalents of the introduced initiators, which could lower the loading of catalyst used to amounts as low as 0.05 mol %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yaya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hailemariam Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Siming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
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39
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Rieger E, Vignolle J, Wurm FR, Carlotti S, Taton D. Expanding the scope of N-heterocyclic carbene-organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines using functional and non-activated amine initiators. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Gleede T, Rieger E, Homann-Müller T, Wurm FR. 4-Styrenesulfonyl-(2-methyl)aziridine: The First Bivalent Aziridine-Monomer for Anionic and Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPIP); Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPIP); Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Tatjana Homann-Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPIP); Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPIP); Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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41
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Rieger E, Gleede T, Weber K, Manhart A, Wagner M, Wurm FR. The living anionic polymerization of activated aziridines: a systematic study of reaction conditions and kinetics. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The living anionic polymerization of sulfonyl aziridines is systematically studied by variation of solvents, temperatures, gegenions, and novel initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P)
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P)
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Katja Weber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P)
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P)
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P)
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P)
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
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