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Ma Z, Udamulle Gedara CM, Wang H, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Chalcogenopheno[3,2- b]pyrrole-Containing Donor-Acceptor-Donor Organic Semiconducting Small Molecules for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46119-46129. [PMID: 37738113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A group of chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles, including thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole (TP), furo[3,2-b]pyrrole (FP), and selenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole (SeP), and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) electron-donating units were coupled with a thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (ThDPP) acceptor to generate four donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) semiconducting small molecules (ThDPP-TT, ThDPP-FP, ThDPP-TP, and ThDPP-SeP). This study systematically investigated the differences between chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles and TT. From the characterizations, chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole-containing molecules showed lower band gaps and binding-energy cold crystallization behavior. The enthalpies of cold crystallization were correlated with the weight of the chalcogen in ThDPP-FP, ThDPP-TP, and ThDPP-SeP, which were evaluated as intermolecular chalcogen-bond interactions between chalcogen and pyrrole nitrogen in chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles. A stronger chalcogen bond interaction resulted in stronger self-aggregation in thin films with thermal treatment, which resulted in a polycrystalline structure in chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole-containing molecules. For the application in an organic field-effect transistor, all four molecules showed good performance with the highest hole mobilities as 6.33 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-TT, 2.08 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-FP, 1.87 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-TP, and 6.32 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for ThDPP-SeP, and the change of mobility is well correlated to the root-mean-square roughness of the thin films. Overall, all the chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrrole-containing molecules showed lower band gaps, polymorphism, and better charge transport properties compared to TT-containing molecules, which motivates replacing TT with chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]pyrroles in conjugated polymers, non-fullerene small molecular acceptors, and narrow-band-gap donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chinthaka M Udamulle Gedara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Hanghang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
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Enhancement in Charge Carrier Mobility by Using Furan as Spacer in Thieno[3,2-b]Pyrrole and Alkylated-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Conjugated Copolymers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The structural alteration of semiconducting polymer backbones can improve the optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors and enhance field-effect mobilities. In our efforts towards improving the performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), we are reporting a donor–acceptor polymer containing thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole (TP) donor and a furan-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) electron acceptor, which yielded an asymmetric poly(methylthienopyrrolo)furanyl)diketopyrrolopyrrol) P(FDPP-TP) organic semiconducting polymer. The introduction of a furan spacer improved thermally induced crystallinity and molecular packing, as confirmed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM). The tested OFET devices gave maximum hole mobility of 0.42 cm2 V−1 s−1 with threshold voltages around 0 V for bottom-gate bottom-contact device configuration.
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Park KH, Go J, Lim B, Noh Y. Recent progress in lactam‐based polymer semiconductors for organic electronic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Park
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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Bulumulla C, Gunawardhana R, Gamage PL, Miller JT, Kularatne RN, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Pyrrole-Containing Semiconducting Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32209-32232. [PMID: 32584535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting materials derived from π-electron-rich pyrroles have garnered attention in recent years for the development of organic semiconductors. Although pyrrole is the most electron-rich five-membered heteroaromatic ring, it has found few applications in organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors due to synthetic challenges and instability. However, computational modeling assisted screening processes have indicated that relatively stable materials containing pyrrolic units can be synthesized without compromising their inherent electron-donating properties. In this work, we provide a complete, up-to-date review of pyrrole-containing semiconducting materials used for organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors and highlight recent advances in the synthesis of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandima Bulumulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruwan Gunawardhana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Justin T Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruvanthi N Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Baig N, Shetty S, Fall S, Al-Mousawi S, Heiser T, Alameddine B. Conjugated copolymers bearing 2,7-dithienylphenanthrene-9,10-dialkoxy units: highly soluble and stable deep-blue emissive materials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01712d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Excellent yields, high stability and solubility. Mw = 36.5–152.0 kDa and Đ = 2.5–3.0. Deep-blue emission with quantum yields up to 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials group
- GUST
- CAMB
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials group
- GUST
- CAMB
| | - Sadiara Fall
- Laboratoire ICube
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- UMR 7357
- Strasbourg
| | | | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- UMR 7357
- Strasbourg
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials group
- GUST
- CAMB
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Gunawardhana R, Bulumulla C, Gamage PL, Timmerman AJ, Udamulle CM, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Thieno[3,2- b]pyrrole and Benzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Donor-Acceptor Semiconductors for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19676-19682. [PMID: 31788598 PMCID: PMC6881842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two p-type donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconducting small molecules were synthesized to investigate the effect of the backbone curvature on the organic field-effect transistor performance. The backbone curvature of the donor-acceptor small molecules was modified by changing the spacer group from bithiophene to thienothiophene. Bithiophene to thienothiophene spacer groups were placed between 4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole (donor) and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (acceptor) to generate TP-BT4T-TP and TP-BT2TT-TP donor-acceptor molecules. A good charge carrier mobility of 2.59 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 was measured for the curved molecule (TP-BT4T-TP), while the linear molecule analog (TP-BT2TT-TP) only gave a low mobility of 5.41 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 after annealing at 120 °C in bottom-contact bottom-gate devices. Out-of-plane grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction analysis revealed more drastic thermally induced crystallinity for TP-BT4T-TP as compared to TP-BT2TT-TP, explaining the difference observed in the performance of devices fabricated from each molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwan Gunawardhana
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Prabhath L. Gamage
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Adam J. Timmerman
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chinthaka M. Udamulle
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C. Biewer
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- The
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Alameddine B, Baig N, Shetty S, Al-Mousawi S. Conjugated copolymers bearing 2,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)phenanthrene-9,10-dione units and alteration of their emission via functionalization of the ortho-dicarbonyl groups into quinoxaline and phenazine derivatives. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang X, Wang H, Li C, Qiu L, Liu Y, Li L, Wan X. The Influence of Structural Variations on the Heteroacenes Containing Dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrrole Core on Their OFET Performances. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and DevicesMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Li Qiu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and DevicesMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
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Mohajeri A, Omidvar A, Setoodeh H. Fine Structural Tuning of Thieno[3,2- b] Pyrrole Donor for Designing Banana-Shaped Semiconductors Relevant to Organic Field Effect Transistors. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1930-1945. [PMID: 30575398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the newly synthesized banana-shaped thieno[3,2- b] pyrrole building block [Bulumulla, C.; Gunawardhana, R.; Kularatne, R. N.; Hill, M. E.; McCandless, G. T.; Biewer, M. C.; Stefan, M. C. Thieno[3,2- b] pyrrole-Benzothiadiazole Banana-Shaped Small Molecules for Organic Field Effect Transistors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 11818-11825], several small molecules that can be used as organic semiconducting materials were theoretically designed. We have shown that these novel molecules with the donor-π conjugated bridge-acceptor-π conjugated bridge-donor (D-π-A-π-D) building block exhibit superior charge transport properties in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A variety of donors, π-bridges, and acceptors are examined, and the structural, electronic, optical, and charge transport properties of designed semiconductors are systematically investigated. The results highlight the impact of the core acceptor in improving the transport properties of the designed molecules. In particular, this work points toward the benzo-bis(1,2,5-thiadiazole) as the most promising acceptor that can be combined with thiophene π-bridge and flanked benzo-thiadiazole terminal units to produce a reasonable candidate for synthesis and for incorporating into OFET materials. For the suggested semiconductor, the small electron reorganization energy and large intramolecular coupling originating from dense π-stacking gave rise to enhanced electron mobility. This strategy can be helpful for further improving the performance of curved small molecules in field-effect devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Mohajeri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Shiraz University , Shiraz 7194684795 , Iran
| | - Akbar Omidvar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Shiraz University , Shiraz 7194684795 , Iran
| | - Hengameh Setoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Shiraz University , Shiraz 7194684795 , Iran
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