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Yaseen MA, Guo Z, Junk PC, Oelgemöller M. [2+2]-Photocycloadditions of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Under Batch and Continuous-Flow Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:5920. [PMID: 39770008 PMCID: PMC11676797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29245920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
A series of [2+2]-photocycloadditions of 1,4-naphthoquinone with various alkenes and diphenylacetylene were investigated under batch and continuous-flow conditions. Acetone-sensitization furnished the corresponding photoadducts in good to excellent yields and purities. Compared to batch operations that demanded exhaustive irradiation times of 10-13 h, the flow process generally gave superior conversions and subsequently yields with a residence time of just 60 min. The structures of several photoaddition products were further determined by crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madyan A. Yaseen
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (M.A.Y.)
- College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra 34010, Salah Al-Deen, Iraq
| | - Zhifang Guo
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (M.A.Y.)
| | - Peter C. Junk
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (M.A.Y.)
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (M.A.Y.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH—University of Applied Science, 65510 Idstein, Germany
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Chen J, Gao Y, Zuo S, Mao H, Li X, Liu W, Yao C, Gui H. Monolithic Catalysts Supported by Emulsion-Templated Porous Polydivinylbenzene for Continuous Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38295287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A monolithic catalyst was fabricated through an emulsion-templating method, postpolymerization modification, and in situ loading of active constituents. To achieve a high specific surface area, divinylbenzene (DVB) was solely employed as the monomer, while the porous structure was adjusted with the porogen content and the types of initiators. Then, anchor points were introduced on the pore wall through nitration and amination of the polymeric scaffold. Using a controlled "silver mirror reaction", monolithic catalysts were obtained after loading of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which was verified from morphological and crystallinity characteristics. The catalytic performance of the resultant monolithic catalyst was determined with the model reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). In static catalysis, the monolithic catalyst was proved to have a reactively high apparent rate constant and a good reusability. Furthermore, a flow reactor was fabricated with the monolithic catalyst, showing a high efficiency and long-term durability for the continuous reduction of 4-NP. This work broadened the adjustment of porous structures and the subsequent application for emulsion-templated monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- School of Textiles, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shixiang Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huihui Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiazhang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Haoguan Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Alfano A, Pelliccia S, Rossino G, Chianese O, Summa V, Collina S, Brindisi M. Photo-Flow Technology for Chemical Rearrangements: A Powerful Tool to Generate Pharmaceutically Relevant Compounds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:672-680. [PMID: 37197467 PMCID: PMC10184314 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, photochemistry has increasingly emerged as an enabling methodology in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. Long photolysis times and the gradual reduction of light penetration remained for many years unsolved issues for photochemical rearrangements, triggering the generation of highly reactive species in an uncontrolled fashion and causing the formation of multiple side products. The emergence of continuous-flow chemistry significantly helped to overcome these issues, thus prompting the implementation of photo-flow-based approaches for the generation of pharmaceutically relevant substructures. This Technology Note highlights the benefits of flow chemistry for photochemical rearrangements, including Wolff, Favorskii, Beckmann, Fries, and Claisen rearrangements. We showcase recent advances for photo-rearrangements in continuous flow applied to the synthesis of privileged scaffolds and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella
Ilenia Alfano
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Orazio Chianese
- Genetic
S.p.A., Via Canfora,
64, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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