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Song R, Han J, Okugawa M, Belosludov R, Wada T, Jiang J, Wei D, Kudo A, Tian Y, Chen M, Kato H. Ultrafine nanoporous intermetallic catalysts by high-temperature liquid metal dealloying for electrochemical hydrogen production. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5157. [PMID: 36055985 PMCID: PMC9440032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermetallic compounds formed from non-precious transition metals are promising cost-effective and robust catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. However, the development of monolithic nanoporous intermetallics, with ample active sites and sufficient electrocatalytic activity, remains a challenge. Here we report the fabrication of nanoporous Co7Mo6 and Fe7Mo6 intermetallic compounds via liquid metal dealloying. Along with the development of three-dimensional bicontinuous open porosity, high-temperature dealloying overcomes the kinetic energy barrier, enabling the direct formation of chemically ordered intermetallic phases. Unprecedented small characteristic lengths are observed for the nanoporous intermetallic compounds, resulting from an intermetallic effect whereby the chemical ordering during nanopore formation lowers surface diffusivity and significantly suppresses the thermal coarsening of dealloyed nanostructure. The resulting ultrafine nanoporous Co7Mo6 exhibits high catalytic activity and durability in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions. This study sheds light on the previously unexplored intermetallic effect in dealloying and facilitates the development of advanced intermetallic catalysts for energy applications. Nanoscale intermetallic compounds are promising catalysts but the synthesis remains a challenge. The authors develop a dealloying technique to fabricate nanoporous intermetallic electrocatalysts with fine structures for efficient hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Song
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiuhui Han
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. .,WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Masayuki Okugawa
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Mathematics for Advanced Materials Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jing Jiang
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daixiu Wei
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Kudo
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hidemi Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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2
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Moreno-Hernandez IA, Crook MF, Ondry JC, Alivisatos AP. Redox Mediated Control of Electrochemical Potential in Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12082-12089. [PMID: 34319106 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liquid cell electron microscopy enables the study of nanoscale transformations in solvents with high spatial and temporal resolution, but for the technique to achieve its potential requires a new level of control over the reactivity caused by radical generation under electron beam irradiation. An understanding of how to control electron-solvent interactions is needed to further advance the study of structural dynamics for complex materials at the nanoscale. We developed an approach that scavenges radicals with redox species that form well-defined redox couples and control the electrochemical potential in situ. This approach enables the observation of electrochemical structural dynamics at near-atomic resolution with precise control of the liquid environment. Analysis of nanocrystal etching trajectories indicates that this approach can be generalized to several chemical systems. The ability to simultaneously observe heterogeneous reactions at near-atomic resolution and precisely control the electrochemical potential enables the fundamental study of complex nanoscale dynamics with unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Goriparti S, McGrath AJ, Rosenberg SG, Siegal MP, Ivanov SA, Harrison KL. MnSn 2and MnSn 2-TiO 2nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:375402. [PMID: 34165443 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac07cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high theoretical lithium storage capacity of Sn makes it an enticing anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs); however, its large volumetric expansion during Li-Sn alloying must be addressed. Combining Sn with metals that are electrochemically inactive to lithium leads to intermetallics that can alleviate volumetric expansion issues and still enable high capacity. Here, we present the cycling behavior of a nanostructured MnSn2intermetallic used in LIBs. Nanostructured MnSn2is synthesized by reducing Sn and Mn salts using a hot injection method. The resulting MnSn2is characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and then is investigated as an anode for LIBs. The MnSn2electrode delivers a stable capacity of 514 mAh g-1after 100 cycles at a C/10 current rate with a Coulombic efficiency >99%. Unlike other Sn-intermetallic anodes, an activation overpotential peak near 0.9 V versus Li is present from the second lithiation and in subsequent cycles. We hypothesize that this effect is likely due to electrolyte reactions with segregated Mn from MnSn2. To prevent these undesirable Mn reactions with the electrolyte, a 5 nm TiO2protection layer is applied onto the MnSn2electrode surface via atomic layer deposition. The TiO2-coated MnSn2electrodes do not exhibit the activation overpotential peak. The protection layer also increases the capacity to 612 mAh g-1after 100 cycles at a C/10 current rate with a Coulombic efficiency >99%. This higher capacity is achieved by suppressing the parasitic reaction of Mn with the electrolyte, as is supported by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanyam Goriparti
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Andrew John McGrath
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Samantha G Rosenberg
- Materials Characterization and Performance Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Michael P Siegal
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Sergei A Ivanov
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Katharine L Harrison
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
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Sn modified nanoporous Ge for improved lithium storage performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:563-572. [PMID: 34147749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although high-capacity germanium (Ge) has been regarded as the promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), its actual performance is far from expectation because of low electrical conductivity and rapid capacity decay during cycling. In this work, Sn modified nanoporous Ge materials with different Ge/Sn atomic ratios in precursors were synthesized by a simple melt-spinning and dealloying strategy. As the anodes of LIBs, Sn modified nanoporous Ge materials display improved cycling stability compared with Sn-free nanoporous Ge, revealing a potential role of Sn in improving electrochemical properties of Ge-based anodes. In particular, Sn modified nanoporous Ge with Ge/Sn atomic ratio of 3:1 presents the best Li storage performance among measured electrodes, delivering a reversible capacity of 974 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles at 200 mA g-1. It is found that the introduction of appropriate amount of Sn can not only regulate the nanoporous structure of Ge to better alleviate volume expansion, but also improves the conductivity and activity of the electrode material. This improvement is demonstrated by density functional theory calculations. The study uncovers a route to improve Li storage properties by rationally modify Ge-based anodes with Sn, which may facilitate the development of high-performance LIBs.
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