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Palai SK, Dyksik M, Sokolowski N, Ciorga M, Sánchez Viso E, Xie Y, Schubert A, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Maude DK, Surrente A, Baranowski M, Castellanos-Gomez A, Munuera C, Plochocka P. Approaching the Intrinsic Properties of Moiré Structures Using Atomic Force Microscopy Ironing. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37276177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stacking monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has led to the discovery of a plethora of new exotic phenomena, resulting from moiré pattern formation. Due to the atomic thickness and high surface-to-volume ratio of heterostructures, the interfaces play a crucial role. Fluctuations in the interlayer distance affect interlayer coupling and moiré effects. Therefore, to access the intrinsic properties of the TMD stack, it is essential to obtain a clean and uniform interface between the layers. Here, we show that this is achieved by ironing with the tip of an atomic force microscope. This post-stacking procedure dramatically improves the homogeneity of the interfaces, which is reflected in the optical response of the interlayer exciton. We demonstrate that ironing improves the layer coupling, enhancing moiré effects and reducing disorder. This is crucial for the investigation of TMD heterostructure physics, which currently suffers from low reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Kumar Palai
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nikodem Sokolowski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mariusz Ciorga
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Estrella Sánchez Viso
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Yong Xie
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Alina Schubert
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Duncan K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andres Castellanos-Gomez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Xiao Y, Xiong C, Chen MM, Wang S, Fu L, Zhang X. Structure modulation of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides: recent advances in methodology, mechanism and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1215-1272. [PMID: 36601686 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Together with the development of two-dimensional (2D) materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have become one of the most popular series of model materials for fundamental sciences and practical applications. Due to the ever-growing requirements of customization and multi-function, dozens of modulated structures have been introduced in TMDs. In this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive overview of the structure modulation of TMDs, including point, linear and out-of-plane structures, following and updating the conventional classification for silicon and related bulk semiconductors. In particular, we focus on the structural characteristics of modulated TMD structures and analyse the corresponding root causes. We also summarize the recent progress in modulating methods, mechanisms, properties and applications based on modulated TMD structures. Finally, we demonstrate challenges and prospects in the structure modulation of TMDs and forecast potential directions about what and how breakthroughs can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyi Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Shengfu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Fu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
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