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Yan Q, Kar S, Chowdhury S, Bansil A. The Case for a Defect Genome Initiative. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303098. [PMID: 38195961 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) has streamlined the materials discovery effort by leveraging generic traits of materials, with focus largely on perfect solids. Defects such as impurities and perturbations, however, drive many attractive functional properties of materials. The rich tapestry of charge, spin, and bonding states hosted by defects are not accessible to elements and perfect crystals, and defects can thus be viewed as another class of "elements" that lie beyond the periodic table. Accordingly, a Defect Genome Initiative (DGI) to accelerate functional defect discovery for energy, quantum information, and other applications is proposed. First, major advances made under the MGI are highlighted, followed by a delineation of pathways for accelerating the discovery and design of functional defects under the DGI. Near-term goals for the DGI are suggested. The construction of open defect platforms and design of data-driven functional defects, along with approaches for fabrication and characterization of defects, are discussed. The associated challenges and opportunities are considered and recent advances towards controlled introduction of functional defects at the atomic scale are reviewed. It is hoped this perspective will spur a community-wide interest in undertaking a DGI effort in recognition of the importance of defects in enabling unique functionalities in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Yan
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Swastik Kar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sugata Chowdhury
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Karbalaei Akbari M, Verpoort F, Hu J, Zhuiykov S. Acoustic-Activated Se Crystalline Nanodomains at Atomically-Thin Liquid-Metal Piezoelectric Heterointerfaces for Synergistic CO 2 Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39716-39731. [PMID: 37581366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-activated polarization at two-dimensional (2D) domains provide supplementary mechanisms for adjustment of empty and occupied orbitals at material heterointerfaces, activating a wide range of physicochemical applications. The piezoelectric nanodomains grown at 2D liquid-metal heterointerfaces represent a new class of polarization-dependent hybrid nanostructures with a highly challenging fabrication process. Here, the controlled growth of selenium-rich piezoelectric nanodomains on the nonpolar 2D surface of liquid Ga-based nanoparticles (NPs) enabled highly efficient and sustainable CO2 conversion. The Ga-based NPs were engulfed in carbon nanotube (CNT) frameworks. The initial hindrance effects of CNT frameworks suppressed the undesirable Ga-Se amalgamation to guarantee the suitable functions of piezocatalyst. Simultaneously, the CNT-Se mesoporous network enhances the transport and interaction of ionic species at heterointerfaces, providing unique selectivity features for CO2 conversion. Driven by acoustic energy, the multiple contributions of Ga-Se polarized heterointerfaces facilitated the piezoelectric switching and therefore increased the CO2 conversion efficiency to the value of 95.8%. The inherent compositional and functional tunability of the Ga-Se nanojunction reveal superior control over the catalyst heterointerfaces and thereby show promising potential for nanoscale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental & Energy Research, Ghent University, Global Campus, 406-840 Incheon, South Korea
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- Centre of Nano Energy and Devices, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Serge Zhuiykov
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental & Energy Research, Ghent University, Global Campus, 406-840 Incheon, South Korea
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Wang H, Wen Y, Zeng H, Xiong Z, Tu Y, Zhu H, Cheng R, Yin L, Jiang J, Zhai B, Liu C, Shan C, He J. 2D Ferroic Materials for Nonvolatile Memory Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305044. [PMID: 37486859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The emerging nonvolatile memory technologies based on ferroic materials are promising for producing high-speed, low-power, and high-density memory in the field of integrated circuits. Long-range ferroic orders observed in 2D materials have triggered extensive research interest in 2D magnets, 2D ferroelectrics, 2D multiferroics, and their device applications. Devices based on 2D ferroic materials and heterostructures with an atomically smooth interface and ultrathin thickness have exhibited impressive properties and significant potential for developing advanced nonvolatile memory. In this context, a systematic review of emergent 2D ferroic materials is conducted here, emphasizing their recent research on nonvolatile memory applications, with a view to proposing brighter prospects for 2D magnetic materials, 2D ferroelectric materials, 2D multiferroic materials, and their relevant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ziren Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yangyuan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Baoxing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuansheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Zhou S, Liao L, Chen J, Yu Y, Lv Z, Yang M, Yao B, Zhang S, Peng G, Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi X, Wang G. Periodic Ferroelectric Stripe Domains in α-In 2Se 3 Nanoflakes Grown via Reverse-Flow Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23613-23622. [PMID: 37149900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor α-In2Se3 has aroused great interest in atomic-scale ferroelectric transistors, artificial synapses, and nonvolatile memory devices due to its distinguished 2D ferroelectric properties. We have synthesized α-In2Se3 nanosheets with rare in-plane ferroelectric stripe domains at room temperature on mica substrates using a reverse flow chemical vapor deposition (RFCVD) method and optimized growth parameters. This stripe domain contrast is found to be strongly correlated to the stacking of layers, and the interrelated out-of-plane (OOP) and in-plane (IP) polarization can be manipulated by mapping the artificial domain structure. The acquisition of amplitude and phase hysteresis loops confirms the OOP polarization ferroelectric property. The emergence of striped domains enriches the variety of the ferroelectric structure types and novel properties of 2D In2Se3. This work paves a new way for the controllable growth of van der Waals ferroelectrics and facilitates the development of novel ferroelectric memory device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Luocheng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yayun Yu
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zhiquan Lv
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zongyu Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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Xu X, Zhong T, Zuo N, Li Z, Li D, Pi L, Chen P, Wu M, Zhai T, Zhou X. High- TC Two-Dimensional Ferroelectric CuCrS 2 Grown via Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8141-8149. [PMID: 35441509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics have attracted intensive attention. However, the 2D ferroelectrics remain rare, and especially few of them represent high ferroelectric transition temperature (TC), which is important for the usability of ferroelectrics. Herein, CuCrS2 nanoflakes are synthesized by salt-assisted chemical vapor deposition and exhibit switchable ferroelectric polarization even when the thickness is downscaled to 6 nm. On the contrary, a CuCrS2 nanoflake shows a TC as high as ∼700 K, which can be attributed to the robust tetrahedral bonding configurations of Cu cations. Such robustness can be further clarified by a theoretically predicted high order-disorder transition barrier and structure evolution from 600 to 800 K. Additionally, the interlocked out-of-plane (OOP) and in-plane (IP) ferroelectric domains are observed and two kinds of devices based on OOP and IP polarizations are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Nian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lejing Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Wu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Xue W, Jiang Q, Wang F, He R, Pang R, Yang H, Wang P, Yang R, Zhong Z, Zhai T, Xu X. Discovery of Robust Ferroelectricity in 2D Defective Semiconductor α-Ga 2 Se 3. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105599. [PMID: 34881497 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D ferroelectrics with robust polar order in the atomic-scale thickness at room temperature are needed to miniaturize ferroelectric devices and tackle challenges imposed by traditional ferroelectrics. These materials usually have polar point group structure regarding as a prerequisite of ferroelectricity. Yet, to introduce polar structure into otherwise nonpolar 2D materials for producing ferroelectricity remains a challenge. Here, by combining first-principles calculations and experimental studies, it is reported that the native Ga vacancy-defects located in the asymmetrical sites in cubic defective semiconductor α-Ga2 Se3 can induce polar structure. Meanwhile, the induced polarization can be switched in a moderate energy barrier. The switched polarization is observed in 2D α-Ga2 Se3 nanoflakes of ≈4 nm with a high switching temperature up to 450 K. Such polarization switching could arise from the displacement of Ga vacancy between neighboring asymmetrical sites by applying an electric field. This work removes the point group limit for ferroelectricity, expanding the range of 2D ferroelectrics into the native defective semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Qitao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Fakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ri He
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ruixue Pang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Ruilong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
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