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Zhu W, Gao X, Yao Y, Hu S, Li Z, Teng Y, Wang H, Gong H, Chen Z, Yang Y. Nanostructured High Entropy Alloys as Structural and Functional Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12672-12706. [PMID: 38717959 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 2004, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical and functional properties. Advances in our understanding of atomic-scale ordering and phase formation in HEAs have facilitated the development of fabrication techniques for synthesizing nanostructured HEAs. These materials hold immense potential for applications in various fields including automobile industries, aerospace engineering, microelectronics, and clean energy, where they serve as either structural or functional materials. In this comprehensive Review, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of nanostructured HEAs, with a particular emphasis on the roles of different nanostructures in modulating these properties. To begin, we explore the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the formation and stability of nanostructures in HEAs. Subsequently, we delve into an examination of the mechanical and electrocatalytic properties exhibited by bulk or three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured HEAs, as well as nanosized HEAs in the form of zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, or two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets. Finally, we present an outlook on the current research landscape, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with nanostructure design and the understanding of structure-property relationships in nanostructured HEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiyu Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sijia Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of System Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Xu J, Gao X, Zheng L, Jia X, Xu K, Ma Y, Wei X, Liu N, Peng H, Wang HW. Graphene sandwich-based biological specimen preparation for cryo-EM analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309384121. [PMID: 38252835 PMCID: PMC10835136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309384121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
High-quality specimen preparation plays a crucial role in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analysis. In this study, we have developed a reliable and convenient technique called the graphene sandwich method for preparing cryo-EM specimens. This method involves using two layers of graphene films that enclose macromolecules on both sides, allowing for an appropriate ice thickness for cryo-EM analysis. The graphene sandwich helps to mitigate beam-induced charging effect and reduce particle motion compared to specimens prepared using the traditional method with graphene support on only one side, therefore improving the cryo-EM data quality. These advancements may open new opportunities to expand the use of graphene in the field of biological electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Xia Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yuwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Xiaoding Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing100095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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Wang ZX, Liu B, Yang T, Yu D, Zhang C, Zheng L, Xie J, Liu B, Liu M, Peng H, Lai L, Ouyang Q, Ouyang S, Zhang YA. Structure of the Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complex Reveals Its Assembly Mechanism and Application in Antiviral Drug Screening. J Virol 2023; 97:e0182922. [PMID: 36943056 PMCID: PMC10134867 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01829-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a highly pathogenic Vesiculovirus infecting the common carp, yet neither a vaccine nor effective therapies are available to treat spring viremia of carp (SVC). Like all negative-sense viruses, SVCV contains an RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein (N) in the form of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which serves as the template for viral replication and transcription. Here, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of SVCV RNP was resolved through cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at a resolution of 3.7 Å. RNP assembly was stabilized by N and C loops; RNA was wrapped in the groove between the N and C lobes with 9 nt nucleotide per protomer. Combined with mutational analysis, our results elucidated the mechanism of RNP formation. The RNA binding groove of SVCV N was used as a target for drug virtual screening, and it was found suramin had a good antiviral effect. This study provided insights into RNP assembly, and anti-SVCV drug screening was performed on the basis of this structure, providing a theoretical basis and efficient drug screening method for the prevention and treatment of SVC. IMPORTANCE Aquaculture accounts for about 70% of global aquatic products, and viral diseases severely harm the development of aquaculture industry. Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is the pathogen causing highly contagious spring viremia of carp (SVC) disease in cyprinids, especially common carp (Cyprinus carpio), yet neither a vaccine nor effective therapies are available to treat this disease. In this study, we have elucidated the mechanism of SVCV ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) formation by resolving the 3D structure of SVCV RNP and screened antiviral drugs based on the structure. It is found that suramin could competitively bind to the RNA binding groove and has good antiviral effects both in vivo and in vitro. Our study provides a template for rational drug discovery efforts to treat and prevent SVCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Daqi Yu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luhua Lai
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Songying Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Cheng H, Zheng L, Liu N, Huang C, Xu J, Lu Y, Cui X, Xu K, Hou Y, Tang J, Zhang Z, Li J, Ni X, Chen Y, Peng H, Wang HW. Dual-Affinity Graphene Sheets for High-Resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8073-8081. [PMID: 37011903 PMCID: PMC10103130 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
With the development of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), high-resolution structures of macromolecules can be reconstructed by the single particle method efficiently. However, challenges may still persist during the specimen preparation stage. Specifically, proteins tend to adsorb at the air-water interface and exhibit a preferred orientation in vitreous ice. To overcome these challenges, we have explored dual-affinity graphene (DAG) modified with two different affinity ligands as a supporting material for cryo-EM sample preparation. The ligands can bind to distinct sites on the corresponding tagged particles, which in turn generates various orientation distributions of particles and prevents the adsorption of protein particles onto the air-water interface. As expected, the DAG exhibited high binding specificity and affinity to target macromolecules, resulting in more balanced particle Euler angular distributions compared to single functionalized graphene on two different protein cases, including the SARS -CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. We anticipate that the DAG grids will enable facile and efficient three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for cryo-EM structural determination, providing a robust and general technique for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shuimu BioSciences Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Congyuan Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoya Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junchuan Tang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shuimu BioSciences Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaodan Ni
- Shuimu BioSciences Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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