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Lin R, Lei M, Ding S, Cheng Q, Ma Z, Wang L, Tang Z, Zhou B, Zhou Y. Applications of flexible electronics related to cardiocerebral vascular system. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100787. [PMID: 37766895 PMCID: PMC10519834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring accessible and high-quality healthcare worldwide requires field-deployable and affordable clinical diagnostic tools with high performance. In recent years, flexible electronics with wearable and implantable capabilities have garnered significant attention from researchers, which functioned as vital clinical diagnostic-assisted tools by real-time signal transmission from interested targets in vivo. As the most crucial and complex system of human body, cardiocerebral vascular system together with heart-brain network attracts researchers inputting profuse and indefatigable efforts on proper flexible electronics design and materials selection, trying to overcome the impassable gulf between vivid organisms and rigid inorganic units. This article reviews recent breakthroughs in flexible electronics specifically applied to cardiocerebral vascular system and heart-brain network. Relevant sensor types and working principles, electronics materials selection and treatment methods are expounded. Applications of flexible electronics related to these interested organs and systems are specially highlighted. Through precedent great working studies, we conclude their merits and point out some limitations in this emerging field, thus will help to pave the way for revolutionary flexible electronics and diagnosis assisted tools development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxing Lin
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Sen Ding
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Quansheng Cheng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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Herbert R, Lim HR, Rigo B, Yeo WH. Fully implantable wireless batteryless vascular electronics with printed soft sensors for multiplex sensing of hemodynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm1175. [PMID: 35544557 PMCID: PMC9094660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous monitoring of hemodynamics attainable with wireless implantable devices would improve the treatment of vascular diseases. However, demanding requirements of size, wireless operation, and compatibility with endovascular procedures have limited the development of vascular electronics. Here, we report an implantable, wireless vascular electronic system, consisting of a multimaterial inductive stent and printed soft sensors capable of real-time monitoring of arterial pressure, pulse rate, and flow without batteries or circuits. Developments in stent design achieve an enhanced wireless platform while matching conventional stent mechanics. The fully printed pressure sensors demonstrate fast response times, high durability, and sensing at small bending radii. The device is monitored via inductive coupling at communication distances notably larger than prior vascular sensors. The wireless electronic system is validated in artery models, while minimally invasive catheter implantation is demonstrated in an in vivo rabbit study. Overall, the vascular system offers an adaptable framework for comprehensive monitoring of hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herbert
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- Major of Human Biocovergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno Rigo
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Mercader A, Ye SH, Kim S, Orizondo RA, Cho SK, Wagner WR. PDMS-Zwitterionic Hybrid for Facile, Antifouling Microfluidic Device Fabrication. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3775-3784. [PMID: 35294197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been used in a wide range of biomedical devices and medical research due to its biostability, cytocompatibility, gas permeability, and optical properties. Yet, some properties of PDMS create critical limitations, particularly fouling through protein and cell adhesion. In this study, a diallyl-terminated sulfobetaine (SB-diallyl) molecule was synthesized and then directly mixed with a commercial PDMS base (Sylgard 184) and curing agent to produce a zwitterionic group-bearing PDMS (PDMS-SB) hybrid that does not require a complex or an additional surface modification process for the desired end product. In vitro examination of antifouling behavior following exposure to fresh ovine blood showed a significant reduction in platelet deposition for the PDMS-SB hybrid surface compared to that of a PDMS control (p < 0.05, n = 5). The manufacturability via soft lithography using the synthesized polymers was found to be comparable to that for unmodified PDMS. Bonding via O2 plasma treatment was confirmed, and the strength was measured and again found to be comparable to the control. PDMS-SB microfluidic devices were successfully fabricated and showed improved blood compatibility that could reduce channel occlusion due to clot formation relative to PDMS control devices. Further, gas (CO2) transfer through a PDMS-SB hybrid membrane was also tested with a proof-of-concept microchannel device and shown to be comparable to that through the PDMS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mercader
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ryan A Orizondo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sung Kwon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Huang W, Jiao H, Huang Q, Zhang J, Zhang M. Ultra-high drivability, high-mobility, low-voltage and high-integration intrinsically stretchable transistors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23546-23555. [PMID: 33074278 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Realizing intrinsically stretchable transistors with high current drivability, high mobility, small feature size, low power and the potential for mass production is essential for advancing stretchable electronics a critical step forward. However, it is challenging to realize these requirements simultaneously due to the limitations of the existing fabrication technologies when integrating intrinsically stretchable materials into transistors. Here, we propose a removal-transfer-photolithography method (RTPM), combined with adopting poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) as a dielectric, to realize integratable intrinsically stretchable carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (IIS-CNT-TFTs). The realized IIS-CNT-TFTs achieve excellent electrical and mechanical properties simultaneously, showing high field-effect-mobility up to 221 cm2 V-1 s-1 and high current density up to 810 μA mm-1 at a low driving voltage of -1 V, which are both the highest values for intrinsically stretchable transistors today to the best of our knowledge. At the same time, the transistors can survive 2000 cycles of repeated stretching by 50%, indicating their promising applicability to stretchable circuits, displays, and wearable electronics. The achieved intrinsically stretchable thin-film transistors show higher electrical performance, higher stretching durability, and smaller feature size simultaneously compared with the state-of-the-art works, providing a novel solution to integratable intrinsically stretchable electronics. Besides, the proposed RTPM involves adopting removable sacrificial layers to protect the PDMS substrate and PUU dielectric during the photolithography and patterning steps, and finally removing the sacrificial layers to improve the electrical and mechanical performance. This method is generally applicable to further enhance the performance of the existing transistors and devices with a similar structure in soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Huang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Vishnu J, Manivasagam G. Perspectives on smart stents with sensors: From conventional permanent to novel bioabsorbable smart stent technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jithin Vishnu
- Centre for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular Theranostics CBCMT Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular Theranostics CBCMT Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
- IBTN/In ‐ Indian branch of Institute of Biomaterials Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
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Lim HR, Kim HS, Qazi R, Kwon YT, Jeong JW, Yeo WH. Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901924. [PMID: 31282063 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in soft materials and system integration technologies have provided a unique opportunity to design various types of wearable flexible hybrid electronics (WFHE) for advanced human healthcare and human-machine interfaces. The hybrid integration of soft and biocompatible materials with miniaturized wireless wearable systems is undoubtedly an attractive prospect in the sense that the successful device performance requires high degrees of mechanical flexibility, sensing capability, and user-friendly simplicity. Here, the most up-to-date materials, sensors, and system-packaging technologies to develop advanced WFHE are provided. Details of mechanical, electrical, physicochemical, and biocompatible properties are discussed with integrated sensor applications in healthcare, energy, and environment. In addition, limitations of the current materials are discussed, as well as key challenges and the future direction of WFHE. Collectively, an all-inclusive review of the newly developed WFHE along with a summary of imperative requirements of material properties, sensor capabilities, electronics performance, and skin integrations is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hee Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36608, USA
| | - Raza Qazi
- Department of Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Kwon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Center for Flexible and Wearable Electronics Advanced Research, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Kim YS, Basir A, Herbert R, Kim J, Yoo H, Yeo WH. Soft Materials, Stretchable Mechanics, and Optimized Designs for Body-Wearable Compliant Antennas. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3059-3067. [PMID: 31842536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the various methods to develop flexible wearable antennas, a serpentine, mesh structure has been a great interest because of its mechanical reliability upon applied strain. However, there is still a significant lack of design guidelines for the open-mesh concept that account for both material and electromagnetic (EM) properties of antennas. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive study of materials, mechanics, fabrication, and system integration for the development of stretchable dipole and patch antennas that have networks of two-dimensional serpentine patterns. A set of computational modeling and experimental validation of open-mesh structures provides the key design guidelines to offer the maximum mechanical stretchability and minimum effective moduli of wearable antennas. Integration of the thin-film antenna traces with various substrates captures the versatility of the deterministic fabrication and material transfer printing methods. The influence of antenna stretching on the EM properties, including return loss, electric and magnetic fields, and far-field radiation patterns, is investigated. EM characterization with mechanical stretching results in different properties of fabricated antennas. The simulation study of specific absorption rates shows a potential for safe applications of dipole and patch stretchable antennas on the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Basir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , South Korea
| | | | | | - Hyoungsuk Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , South Korea
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A Single-Connector Stent Antenna for Intravascular Monitoring Applications. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19214616. [PMID: 31652844 PMCID: PMC6864709 DOI: 10.3390/s19214616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, smart stents have been developed by integrating various sensors with intravascular stents for detecting vascular restenosis or monitoring intravascular biomedical conditions such as blood pressure or blood flow velocity. The information on biomedical signals is then transmitted to external monitoring systems via wireless communications. Due to the limited volumes of blood vessels and limited influence of blood flow, antennas with good radiation performance are required for intravascular applications. In this paper, we propose a stent antenna composed of multiple rings containing crowns and struts, where each ring is connected with one connector. Unlike a conventional stent, wherein each ring is connected with several connectors, the single connector prevents the random distribution of electrical current and thus achieves good radiation performance. The implantable stent antenna is designed for the frequency range of 2 to 3 GHz for minimum penetration loss in the human body and tissues. Mechanical FEM simulations were conducted to ensure that the mechanical deformation was within specific limits during balloon expansions. A prototype was fabricated with laser cutting techniques and its radiation performance experimentally characterized. It was demonstrated that the fabricated stent antenna had an omnidirectional radiation pattern for arbitrary receiving angles, a gain of 1.38 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of 74.5% at a resonant frequency of 2.07 GHz. The main contribution of this work was the manipulation of the current distributions of the stent for good EM radiation performances which needed to be further examined while inserted inside human bodies. These research results should contribute to the further development of implantable wireless communications and intravascular monitoring of biomedical signals such as blood pressure and blood flow velocity.
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Hoare D, Bussooa A, Neale S, Mirzai N, Mercer J. The Future of Cardiovascular Stents: Bioresorbable and Integrated Biosensor Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900856. [PMID: 31637160 PMCID: PMC6794628 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the greatest cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology responsible for two thirds of these deaths. It is the age-dependent process of "furring of the arteries." In many scenarios the disease is caused by poor diet, high blood pressure, and genetic risk factors, and is exacerbated by obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle. Current pharmacological anti-atherosclerotic modalities still fail to control the disease and improvements in clinical interventions are urgently required. Blocked atherosclerotic arteries are routinely treated in hospitals with an expandable metal stent. However, stented vessels are often silently re-blocked by developing "in-stent restenosis," a wound response, in which the vessel's lumen renarrows by excess proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, termed hyperplasia. Herein, the current stent technology and the future of biosensing devices to overcome in-stent restenosis are reviewed. Second, with advances in nanofabrication, new sensing methods and how researchers are investigating ways to integrate biosensors within stents are highlighted. The future of implantable medical devices in the context of the emerging "Internet of Things" and how this will significantly influence future biosensor technology for future generations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoare
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowG12 8TAGlasgowScotland
| | - Anubhav Bussooa
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowG12 8TAGlasgowScotland
| | - Steven Neale
- James Watt South BuildingSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG12 8QQGlasgowScotland
| | - Nosrat Mirzai
- Bioelectronics UnitCollege of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences (MVLS)University of GlasgowG12 8QQGlasgowScotland
| | - John Mercer
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowG12 8TAGlasgowScotland
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Herbert R, Mishra S, Lim H, Yoo H, Yeo W. Fully Printed, Wireless, Stretchable Implantable Biosystem toward Batteryless, Real-Time Monitoring of Cerebral Aneurysm Hemodynamics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901034. [PMID: 31559136 PMCID: PMC6755526 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a high-throughput, large-scale manufacturing method that uses aerosol jet 3D printing for a fully printed stretchable, wireless electronics. A comprehensive study of nanoink preparation and parameter optimization enables a low-profile, multilayer printing of a high-performance, capacitance flow sensor. The core printing process involves direct, microstructured patterning of biocompatible silver nanoparticles and polyimide. The optimized fabrication approach allows for transfer of highly conductive, patterned silver nanoparticle films to a soft elastomeric substrate. Stretchable mechanics modeling and seamless integration with an implantable stent display a highly stretchable and flexible sensor, deployable by a catheter for extremely low-profile, conformal insertion in a blood vessel. Optimization of a transient, wireless inductive coupling method allows for wireless detection of biomimetic cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics with the maximum readout distance of 6 cm through meat. In vitro demonstrations include wireless monitoring of flow rates (0.05-1 m s-1) in highly contoured and narrow human neurovascular models. Collectively, this work shows the potential of the printed biosystem to offer a high throughput, additive manufacturing of stretchable electronics with advances toward batteryless, real-time wireless monitoring of cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herbert
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringInstitute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Saswat Mishra
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringInstitute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hyo‐Ryoung Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringInstitute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hyoungsuk Yoo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringHanyang UniversitySeoul04763South Korea
| | - Woon‐Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringInstitute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringParker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesNeural Engineering CenterCenter for Flexible and Wearable Electronics Advanced ResearchInstitute for MaterialsGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
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11
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Baranoski JF, Ducruet AF. Flow-Diverter Stent With an Incorporated Flow Sensor-The Integration of a Treatment and Diagnostic Device for Intracranial Aneurysms. Neurosurgery 2019; 84:E21-E23. [PMID: 30445517 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F Baranoski
- Department of Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
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