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Jiao Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu M, Wang Y, Zhang P, Wang Y, Zheng Y. Fatty Amine-Mediated Synthesis of Hierarchical Copper Sulfide Nanoflowers for Efficient NIR-II Photothermal Conversion and Antibacterial Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:604-613. [PMID: 38108826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-noble metal photothermal materials have recently attracted increasing attention as unique alternatives to noble metal-based ones due to advantages like earth abundance, cost-effectiveness, and large-scale application capability. In this study, hierarchical copper sulfide (CuS) nanostructures with tunable flower-like morphologies and dimensional sizes are prepared via a fatty amine-mediated one-pot polyol synthesis. In particular, the addition of fatty amines induces a significant decrease in the overall particle size and lamellar thickness, and their morphologies and sizes could be tuned using different types of fatty amines. The dense stacking of nanosheets with limited sizes in the form of such a unique hierarchical architecture facilitates the interactions of the electromagnetic fields between adjacent nanoplates and enables the creation of abundant hot-spot regions, thus, benefiting the enhanced second near-infrared (NIR-II) light absorptions. The optimized CuS nanoflowers exhibit a photothermal conversion efficiency of 37.6%, realizing a temperature increase of nearly 50 °C within 10 min under 1064 nm laser irradiations at a power density of 1 W cm-2. They also exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, rendering them promising candidates for combating a spectrum of bacterial infections. The present study offers a feasible strategy to generate nanosheet-based hierarchical CuS nanostructures and validates their promising use in photothermal conversion, which could find important use in NIR-II photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Jiao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, China
| | - Shiyue Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, National Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Maochang Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, National Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Health Management Department, Shandong Vocational College of Light Industry, Zibo, Shandong 255300, China
| | - Yiqun Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, China
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2
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Shukla A, Shao S, Carter-Searjeant S, Haigh S, Richards D, Green M, Zayats AV. Carrier density tuning in CuS nanoparticles and thin films by Zn doping via ion exchange. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3730-3736. [PMID: 36734034 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper sulphide (covellite) nanoplatelets have recently emerged as a plasmonic platform in the near-infrared with ultrafast nonlinear optical properties. Here we demonstrate that the free-carrier density in CuS, which is an order of magnitude lower than in traditional plasmonic metals, can be further tuned by chemical doping. Using ion exchange to replace Cu with an increasing content of Zn in the nanoparticles, the free-hole density can be lowered, resulting in a long-wavelength shift of the localised plasmon resonances from 1250 nm to 1750 nm. The proposed approach provides new opportunities for tuning the plasmonic response of covellite nanocrystals as well as the carrier relaxation time which decreases for lower free-carrier densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Shukla
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Shouqi Shao
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sadie Carter-Searjeant
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Sarah Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - David Richards
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
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3
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Wang P, Krasavin AV, Liu L, Jiang Y, Li Z, Guo X, Tong L, Zayats AV. Molecular Plasmonics with Metamaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15031-15081. [PMID: 36194441 PMCID: PMC9562285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular plasmonics, the area which deals with the interactions between surface plasmons and molecules, has received enormous interest in fundamental research and found numerous technological applications. Plasmonic metamaterials, which offer rich opportunities to control the light intensity, field polarization, and local density of electromagnetic states on subwavelength scales, provide a versatile platform to enhance and tune light-molecule interactions. A variety of applications, including spontaneous emission enhancement, optical modulation, optical sensing, and photoactuated nanochemistry, have been reported by exploiting molecular interactions with plasmonic metamaterials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the developments of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials. After a brief introduction to the optical properties of plasmonic metamaterials and relevant fabrication approaches, we discuss light-molecule interactions in plasmonic metamaterials in both weak and strong coupling regimes. We then highlight the exploitation of molecules in metamaterials for applications ranging from emission control and optical modulation to optical sensing. The role of hot carriers generated in metamaterials for nanochemistry is also discussed. Perspectives on the future development of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials conclude the review. The use of molecules in combination with designer metamaterials provides a rich playground both to actively control metamaterials using molecular interactions and, in turn, to use metamaterials to control molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Lufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
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4
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Kapuria N, Patil NN, Ryan KM, Singh S. Two-dimensional copper based colloidal nanocrystals: synthesis and applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2885-2914. [PMID: 35156983 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanocrystals display unconventional physical and opto-electronic properties due to their ultrathin and unique electronic structures. Since the success of Cd-based photoemissive nanocrystals, the development of sustainable and low-cost nanocrystals with enhanced electronic and physical properties has become a central research theme. In this context, copper-based semiconductor 2D nanocrystals, the cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative, exhibit unique plasmonic resonance, transport properties, and high ionic conductivity beneficial for sensing, energy storage, conversion, and catalytic applications. This review summarizes recent progress in the colloidal synthesis, growth mechanisms, properties, and applications of 2D copper-based nanostructures with tunable compositions, dimensions, and crystal phases. We highlight the growth mechanisms concerning their shape evolution in two dimensions. We analyse the effectiveness of cation exchange as a tool to synthesize multinary nanocrystals. Based on the preparation of Cu-based chalcogenide and non-chalcogenide compositions, we discuss synthesis control achieved via colloidal approaches to allow dimension tunability, phase engineering, and plasmonic and thermoelectric property optimization. Furthermore, their potential in various applications of catalysis, energy storage, and sensing is reviewed. Finally, we address the current challenges associated with 2D Cu-based nanocrystal development and provide an outlook pertaining to unexplored research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Kapuria
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Niraj Nitish Patil
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Zutterman F, Champagne B. Simulation of absorption and scattering spectra of crystalline organic nanoparticles with the discrete dipole approximation: Effects of crystal shape, crystal size, and refractive index of the medium. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:164703. [PMID: 34717351 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the shape (habit) of crystalline organic nanoparticles on their absorption spectra is studied by simulations using the discrete dipole approximation, focusing, in particular, on the vibronic structure of the absorption bands in the spectra. Simulations predict a significant effect that, for sufficiently small particles, can be simply rationalized by the depolarization factor. The crystal size and the refractive index of the medium in which the nanoparticles are embedded are also found to have an effect on the absorption spectra. All factors mentioned are found to influence also the spectra of scattered light. These effects, already broadly documented for metallic nanoparticles, are here demonstrated theoretically for the first time for crystalline organic nanoparticles, providing novel insight into the optical response of such particles. The effects are expected to be displayed by all organic nanoparticles, as long as they have a well-defined crystal structure and are large enough for the optical properties to be understandable using a macroscopic dielectric tensor. The effects demonstrated here should be taken into account when rationalizing differences in absorption spectra of a substance in solution and in nanoparticle form, e.g., in deducing the type of intermolecular packing. The effects are much less pronounced for optically isotropic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Zutterman
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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6
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Gellini C, Feis A. Optothermal properties of plasmonic inorganic nanoparticles for photoacoustic applications. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 23:100281. [PMID: 34194975 PMCID: PMC8233228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic systems are becoming a favourable alternative to dye molecules in the generation of photoacoustic signals for spectroscopy and imaging. In particular, inorganic nanoparticles are appealing because of their versatility. In fact, as the shape, size and chemical composition of nanoparticles are directly correlated with their plasmonic properties, the excitation wavelength can be tuned to their plasmon resonance by adjusting such traits. This feature enables an extensive spectral range to be covered. In addition, surface chemical modifications can be performed to provide the nanoparticles with designed functionalities, e.g., selective affinity for specific macromolecules. The efficiency of the conversion of absorbed photon energy into heat, which is the physical basis of the photoacoustic signal, can be accurately determined by photoacoustic methods. This review contrasts studies that evaluate photoconversion in various kinds of nanomaterials by different methods, with the objective of facilitating the researchers' choice of suitable plasmonic nanoparticles for photoacoustic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Alessandro Feis
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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7
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Chen L, Hu H, Chen Y, Gao J, Li G. Metal Cation Valency Dependence in Morphology Evolution of Cu 2-x S Nanodisk Seeds and Their Pseudomorphic Cation Exchanges. Chemistry 2021; 27:7444-7452. [PMID: 33686735 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A crucial parameter in the design of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) with controllable optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties is the morphology. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of additive metal cations with variable valency to direct the morphology evolution of copper-deficient Cu2-x S nanoparticles in the process of seed-mediated growth. In particular, the djurleite Cu1.94 S seed could evolve from disk into tetradecahedron in the presence of tin(IV) cations, whereas they merely formed sharp hexagonal nanodisks with tin(II) cations. In addition to djurleite Cu1.94 S, the tin(IV) cations could be generalized to direct the growth of roxbyite Cu1.8 S and covellite CuS nanodisk seeds into tetradecahedra. We further perform pseudomorphic cation exchanges of Cu1.94 S tetradecahedra with Zn2+ and Cd2+ to produce polyhedral zinc sulfide (ZnS) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs. Moreover, we achieve Cu1.8 S/ZnS and Cu1.94 S/CdS tetradecahedral heterostructures via partial cation exchange, which are otherwise inaccessible by traditional synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- State Key Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, P. R. China
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8
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Bykov AY, Shukla A, van Schilfgaarde M, Green MA, Zayats AV. Ultrafast Carrier and Lattice Dynamics in Plasmonic Nanocrystalline Copper Sulfide Films. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2021; 15:2000346. [PMID: 34484456 PMCID: PMC8408971 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Excited carrier dynamics in plasmonic nanostructures determines many important optical properties such as nonlinear optical response and photocatalytic activity. Here it is shown that mesoscopic plasmonic covellite nanocrystals with low free-carrier concentration exhibit a much faster carrier relaxation than in traditional plasmonic materials. A nonequilibrium hot-carrier population thermalizes within first 20 fs after photoexcitation. A decreased thermalization time in nanocrystals compared to a bulk covellite is consistent with the reduced Coulomb screening in ultrathin films. The subsequent relaxation of thermalized, equilibrium electron gas is faster than in traditional plasmonic metals due to the lower carrier concentration and agrees well with that in a bulk covellite showing no evidence of quantum confinement or hot-hole trapping at the surface states. The excitation of coherent optical phonon modes in a covellite is also demonstrated, revealing coherent lattice dynamics in plasmonic materials, which until now was mainly limited to dielectrics, semiconductors, and semimetals. These findings show advantages of this new mesoscopic plasmonic material for active control of optical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Yu. Bykov
- Department of Physics and London Centre for NanotechnologyKing's College LondonLondonWS2R 2LSUK
| | - Amaresh Shukla
- Department of Physics and London Centre for NanotechnologyKing's College LondonLondonWS2R 2LSUK
| | - Mark van Schilfgaarde
- Department of Physics and London Centre for NanotechnologyKing's College LondonLondonWS2R 2LSUK
- Prof. M. van SchilfgaardeNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenColorado80401USA
| | - Mark A. Green
- Department of Physics and London Centre for NanotechnologyKing's College LondonLondonWS2R 2LSUK
| | - Anatoly V. Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for NanotechnologyKing's College LondonLondonWS2R 2LSUK
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9
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Chen L, Hu H, Chen Y, Li Y, Gao J, Li G. Sulfur Precursor Reactivity Affecting the Crystal Phase and Morphology of Cu
2−
x
S Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2020; 27:1057-1065. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Guohua Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
- State Key Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310032 P.R. China
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10
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Sun M, Fu X, Chen K, Wang H. Dual-Plasmonic Gold@Copper Sulfide Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Phase-Selective Synthesis and Multimodal Photothermal and Photocatalytic Behaviors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46146-46161. [PMID: 32955860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the intriguing plasmonic properties of noble metal nanoparticles originate from the collective oscillations of free electrons in the conduction band, nanoparticles of doped semiconductors may also exhibit metal-like, plasmonic features that are dictated by the resonantly excited free hole oscillations in the valence band. Here, we combine Au, a representative free electron metal, with copper sulfides, a class of plasmonic p-type semiconductors, in a core-shell nanoparticle geometry to construct dual-plasmonic hetero-nanostructures displaying unique multiplex optical characteristics dominated by plasmonic hole oscillations in the semiconductor shells, plasmonic electron oscillations in the metallic cores, and interband electronic transitions from the valence to conduction bands. Through deliberately designed colloidal synthesis, we are able to selectively grow nanoshells comprising copper sulfides of specifically targeted crystalline phases and Cu/S stoichiometries, such as covellite (CuS), digenite (Cu1.8S), and nonstoichiometric Cu2-xS, on the surfaces of Au nanoparticle cores. Our synthetic approach enables us not only to finely control the core and shell dimensions but also to systematically adjust the free hole concentrations in the semiconductor shells, which forms the keystone for the fine tuning of multiple optical resonance modes supported by these hybrid hetero-nanostructures. The dual-plasmonic Au@copper sulfide core-shell nanoparticles exhibit unique multimodal photothermal and photocatalytic behaviors upon selective photoexcitations of different optical transitions at their characteristic resonant frequencies, allowing us to quantitatively evaluate and rigorously compare the intrinsic photothermal and photocatalytic efficacies of multiple types of hot charge carriers, all photoexcited in the same hybrid nanoparticles but with distinct photophysical origins, excited-state lifetimes, energy distributions, and transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xiaoqi Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Kexun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Gao H, Sun L, Zhao M. Low-loss hyperbolic dispersion and anisotropic plasmonic excitation in nodal-line semimetallic yttrium nitride. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22076-22087. [PMID: 32752475 DOI: 10.1364/oe.397167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic isofrequency of materials (referred to as hyperbolic materials) renders an unusual electromagnetic response and has potential applications, such as all-angle negative refraction, sub-diffraction imaging and nano-sensing. Compared with artificially structured hyperbolic metamaterials, natural hyperbolic materials have many obvious advantages. However, present natural hyperbolic materials are facing the limitations of narrow operating frequency intervals and high loss stemming from electron-hole excitations. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrated that the recently-discovered nodal-line semimetallic yttrium nitride (YN) can be tuned to a type-I natural hyperbolic material with a broad frequency window from near-IR (∼1.4 μm) to the visible regime (∼769 nm) along with ultra-low energy loss, owning to the unique electronic band structure near the Fermi level. The unusual optical properties of YN, such as all-angle negative refraction and anisotropic light propagation were verified. The tunable hyperbolic dispersion can be interpreted in terms of the linear relation between critical frequency and plasma frequency. A branch of plasmon dispersion with strong anisotropy in the low-energy region was also revealed in the electron-doped YN. This work is expected to offer a promising strategy for exploring high-performance hyperbolic materials and regulating plasmon properties.
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