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Missale E, Frasconi M, Pantano MF. Ultrathin organic membranes: Can they sustain the quest for mechanically robust device applications? iScience 2023; 26:105924. [PMID: 36866039 PMCID: PMC9971879 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin polymeric films have recently attracted tremendous interest as functional components of coatings, separation membranes, and sensors, with applications spanning from environment-related processes to soft robotics and wearable devices. In order to support the development of robust devices with advanced performances, it is necessary to achieve a deep comprehension of the mechanical properties of ultrathin polymeric films, which can be significantly affected by confinement effects at the nanoscale. In this review paper, we collect the most recent advances in the development of ultrathin organic membranes with emphasis on the relationship between their structure and mechanical properties. We provide the reader with a critical overview of the main approaches for the preparation of ultrathin polymeric films, the methodologies for the investigation of their mechanical properties, and models to understand the primary effects that impact their mechanical response, followed by a discussion on the current trends for designing mechanically robust organic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Missale
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Corresponding author
| | - Maria F. Pantano
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Corresponding author
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McIntee OM, Welch BC, Greenberg AR, George SM, Bright VM. Elastic modulus of polyamide thin films formed by molecular layer deposition. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Baldanza A, Pastore Carbone MG, Brondi C, Manikas AC, Mensitieri G, Pavlou C, Scherillo G, Galiotis C. Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene-PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060611. [PMID: 35736318 PMCID: PMC9230733 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Successful ways of fully exploiting the excellent structural and multifunctional performance of graphene and related materials are of great scientific and technological interest. New opportunities are provided by the fabrication of a novel class of nanocomposites with a nanolaminate architecture. In this work, by using the iterative lift-off/float-on process combined with wet depositions, we incorporated cm-size graphene monolayers produced via Chemical Vapour Deposition into a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix with a controlled, alternate-layered structure. The produced nanolaminate shows a significant improvement in mechanical properties, with enhanced stiffness, strength and toughness, with the addition of only 0.06 vol% of graphene. Furthermore, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability measurements performed at different relative humidity levels, reveal that the addition of graphene leads to significant reduction of permeability, compared to neat PMMA. Overall, we demonstrate that the produced graphene-PMMA nanolaminate surpasses, in terms of gas barrier properties, the traditional discontinuous graphene-particle composites with a similar filler content. Moreover, we found that the gas permeability through the nanocomposites departs from a monotonic decrease as a function of relative humidity, which is instead evident in the case of the pure PMMA nanolaminate. This work suggests the possible use of Chemical Vapour Deposition graphene-polymer nanolaminates as a flexible gas barrier, thus enlarging the spectrum of applications for this novel material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Baldanza
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.G.P.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cosimo Brondi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Mensitieri
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Pavlou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.G.P.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Scherillo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.G.P.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.G.)
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Pavlou C, Pastore Carbone MG, Manikas AC, Trakakis G, Koral C, Papari G, Andreone A, Galiotis C. Effective EMI shielding behaviour of thin graphene/PMMA nanolaminates in the THz range. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4655. [PMID: 34341360 PMCID: PMC8329220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of graphene in a form of discontinuous flakes in polymer composites limits the full exploitation of the unique properties of graphene, thus requiring high filler loadings for achieving- for example- satisfactory electrical and mechanical properties. Herein centimetre-scale CVD graphene/polymer nanolaminates have been produced by using an iterative ‘lift-off/float-on’ process and have been found to outperform, for the same graphene content, state-of-the-art flake-based graphene polymer composites in terms of mechanical reinforcement and electrical properties. Most importantly these thin laminate materials show a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, reaching 60 dB for a small thickness of 33 μm, and an absolute EMI shielding effectiveness close to 3·105 dB cm2 g−1 which is amongst the highest values for synthetic, non-metallic materials produced to date. The properties of graphene/polymer composites are usually limited by the use of discontinuous graphene flakes. Here, the authors report a fabrication method to realise continuous cm-scale graphene/polymer nanolaminates with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, conductivity and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Pavlou
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou St. Platani, Patras, Greece.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou St. Platani, Patras, Greece
| | | | - George Trakakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou St. Platani, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Gianpaolo Papari
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Andreone
- INFN Naples Unit, Naples, Italy.,Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou St. Platani, Patras, Greece. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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