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Wang Y, Han J, Ren Q, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wu Z. The Involvement of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Exopolysaccharides in the Biosorption and Detoxication of Heavy Metals in the Gut. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:671-684. [PMID: 37165259 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most important global environmental issues. The human health risk posed by heavy metals encountered through the food chain and occupational and environmental exposure is increasing, resulting in a series of serious diseases. Ingested heavy metals might disturb the function of the gut barrier and cause toxicity to organs or tissues in other sites of the body. Probiotics, including some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can be used as an alternative strategy to detoxify heavy metals in the host body due to their safety and effectiveness. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by LAB possess varied chemical structures and functional properties and take part in the adsorption of heavy metals via keeping the producing cells vigorous. The main objective of this paper was to summarize the roles of LAB and their EPS in the adsorption and detoxification of heavy metals in the gut. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that microbial EPS play a pivotal role in heavy metal biosorption. Specifically, EPS-producing LAB have been reported to show superior absorption, tolerance, and efficient abatement of the toxicity of heavy metals in vitro and/or in vivo to non-EPS-producing species. The mechanisms underlying EPS-metal binding are mainly related to the negatively charged acidic groups and unique steric structure on the surface of EPS. However, whether the enriched heavy metals on the bacterial cell surface increase toxicity to local mammal cells or tissues in the intestine and whether they are released during excretion remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Quanlu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China.
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Azari-Anpar M, Jahanbin K, Degraeve P, Yazdi FT, Adt I, Oulahal N, Le Cerf D. Structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from Leuconostoc mesenteroides P35 and its binding interaction with bovine serum albumin using surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125599. [PMID: 37385309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the structural elucidation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides P35 exopolysaccharide (EPS-LM). Ln. mesenteroides P35 strain was isolated from a French goat cheese for its capacity to produce EPS increasing the viscosity of a whey-based fermentation medium. The chemical structure of EPS-LM analysis was elucidated by determination of optical rotation degree, macromolecular characterization, sugar units and methylation analyses, FT-IR, 1D NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), 2D NMR spectroscopy (1H1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC). EPS-LM was a high molecular weight (ranging from 6.7 × 106 Da to 9.9 × 106 Da) dextran that is composed of only d-glucose units containing α (1 → 6) linkages and paltry α (1 → 3) branches. Since polysaccharide-protein interactions can be exploited to control and design food matrices, EPS-LM interactions with bovine serum albumin (the main constituent of bovine plasma) were investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Kinetic properties of EPS-LM binding with immobilized BSA via showed an increase of EPS-LM affinity (equilibrium constant (Kd)) for BSA from (2.50 ± 0.01) × 10-5 M-1 at 298 K to (9.21 ± 0.05) × 10-6 M-1 at to 310 K. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that van der Waals and hydrogen binding forces play a major role in the interaction of EPS-LM with BSA. However, EPS-LM-BSA interaction was non-spontaneous, entropy driven and an EPS-LM - BSA binding process was endothermic (ΔG > 0). The structural findings suggested that Ln. mesenteroides P35 α-D-glucan might find widespread technological applications in the biopolymer, medical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Azari-Anpar
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA Research Unit, 155 rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran
| | - Kambiz Jahanbin
- Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Pascal Degraeve
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA Research Unit, 155 rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | - Farideh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran.
| | - Isabelle Adt
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA Research Unit, 155 rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | - Nadia Oulahal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA Research Unit, 155 rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 76000 Rouen, France
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Madsen M, Mohammad-Beigi H, Westh P, Aachmann FL, Svensson B. Tuning alginate β-lactoglobulin complex coacervation by modulating pH and temperature. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1549-1559. [PMID: 36748314 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomolecules in food matrices and encapsulation systems is, as in other areas, moving towards greener solutions and a center piece here is the complex coacervation between natural anionic polysaccharides and proteins. Both alginate and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) are used in different sectors and have been shown to coacervate at pH < 5.2. Albeit with increased interest, complex coacervation has almost exclusively been studied from a macromolecular perspective, and described as an interaction based on charge-charge attraction. Here, we show that through changes in pH and temperature, alginate β-Lg complex coacervation can be tuned to purpose. By detailed biophysical and chemical characterization of coacervation and coacervate particles, insights into the molecular interaction and effect of external factors are obtained. We find that carboxylate resonance stabilization causes a release of protons at pH < pKa,alginate and an uptake of protons at pH > pKa,alginate upon coacervation. Proton release and uptake were quantified at pH 2.65 and 4.00 by isothermal titration calorimetry to be 4 and 2 protons per β-Lg molecule, respectively. By increasing the temperature to 65 °C, we discovered a secondary β-Lg concentration dependent coacervation step, where the formed particles change into large assemblies driven by entropy. These findings bring new insights to complex coacervation and its applicability in microencapsulation and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Madsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter Westh
- Interfacial Enzymology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Madsen M, Prestel A, Madland E, Westh P, Tøndervik A, Sletta H, Peters GHJ, Aachmann FL, Kragelund BB, Svensson B. Molecular insights into alginate β-lactoglobulin A multivalencies-The foundation for their amorphous aggregates and coacervation. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4556. [PMID: 36571497 PMCID: PMC9847093 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For improved control of biomaterial property design, a better understanding of complex coacervation involving anionic polysaccharides and proteins is needed. Here, we address the initial steps in condensate formation of β-lactoglobulin A (β-LgA) with nine defined alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) and describe their multivalent interactions in structural detail. Binding of AOSs containing four, five, or six uronic acid residues (UARs), either all mannuronate (M), all guluronate (G), or alternating M and G embodying the block structural components of alginates, was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and molecular docking. β-LgA was highly multivalent exhibiting binding stoichiometries decreasing from five to two AOSs with increasing degree of polymerization (DP) and similar affinities in the mid micromolar range. The different AOS binding sites on β-LgA were identified by NMR chemical shift perturbation analyses and showed diverse compositions of charged, polar and hydrophobic residues. Distinct sites for the shorter AOSs merged to accommodate longer AOSs. The AOSs bound dynamically to β-LgA, as concluded from saturation transfer difference and 1 H-ligand-targeted NMR analyses. Molecular docking using Glide within the Schrödinger suite 2016-1 revealed the orientation of AOSs to only vary slightly at the preferred β-LgA binding site resulting in similar XP glide scores. The multivalency coupled with highly dynamic AOS binding with lack of confined conformations in the β-LgA complexes may help explain the first steps toward disordered β-LgA alginate coacervate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Madsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Eva Madland
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food ScienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Peter Westh
- Interfacial Enzymology, Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Anne Tøndervik
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF IndustryTrondheimNorway
| | - Håvard Sletta
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF IndustryTrondheimNorway
| | - Günther H. J. Peters
- Biophysical and Biomedicinal Chemistry, Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Finn L. Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food ScienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
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Poulsen VK, Moghadam EG, Kračun SK, Svendsen BA, Nielsen WM, Oregaard G, Krarup A. Versatile Lactococcus lactis strains improve texture in both fermented milk and soybean matrices. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6862093. [PMID: 36455587 PMCID: PMC9772817 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been used to extend the shelf life and improve the taste and texture of fermented milk. In this study, we investigated the texturing potential of LAB in plant-based fermentation by high-throughput screening of 1232 Lactococcus lactis strains for texture in milk and liquid soybean matrices. We found that most strains with texturing abilities in fermented milk were also capable of enhancing the texture in fermented soybean, despite the large differences in composition of the two matrices. Exocellular polysaccharide production is believed to contribute positively to fermented milk and plant-base texture. It appeared as if it was the properties of the polysaccharides rather than their protein interaction partners that were responsible for the enhanced texture in both matrices. We mined whole genome sequences of texturing strains for polysaccharide biosynthesis (eps) gene clusters. The comparative genomics approach revealed 10 texturing strains with novel eps gene clusters. Currently, the relationship between the novel genes and their functionality in milk and plant matrices is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kuzina Poulsen
- Corresponding author: Discovery R&D, Chr. Hansen A/S, 10–12 Bøge Allé, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark. Phone: +45 45747474; Fax: +45 45748888; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Gunnar Oregaard
- Discovery R&D, Chr. Hansen A/S, 10–12 Bøge Allé, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Anders Krarup
- Discovery R&D, Chr. Hansen A/S, 10–12 Bøge Allé, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
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Loch JI, Barciszewski J, Śliwiak J, Bonarek P, Wróbel P, Pokrywka K, Shabalin IG, Minor W, Jaskolski M, Lewiński K. New ligand-binding sites identified in the crystal structures of β-lactoglobulin complexes with desipramine. IUCRJ 2022; 9:386-398. [PMID: 35546795 PMCID: PMC9067113 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522004183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The homodimeric β-lactoglobulin belongs to the lipocalin family of proteins that transport a wide range of hydrophobic molecules and can be modified by mutagenesis to develop specificity for novel groups of ligands. In this work, new lactoglobulin variants, FAF (I56F/L39A/M107F) and FAW (I56F/L39A/M107W), were produced and their interactions with the tricyclic drug desipramine (DSM) were studied using X-ray crystallography, calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD). The ITC and CD data showed micromolar affinity of the mutants for DSM and interactions according to the classical one-site binding model. However, the crystal structures unambiguously showed that the FAF and FAW dimers are capable of binding DSM not only inside the β-barrel as expected, but also at the dimer interface and at the entrance to the binding pocket. The presented high-resolution crystal structures therefore provide important evidence of the existence of alternative ligand-binding sites in the β-lactoglobulin molecule. Analysis of the crystal structures highlighted the importance of shape complementarity for ligand recognition and selectivity. The binding sites identified in the crystal structures of the FAF-DSM and FAW-DSM complexes together with data from the existing literature are used to establish a systematic classification of the ligand-binding sites in the β-lactoglobulin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I. Loch
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Śliwiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Bonarek
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Wróbel
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Pokrywka
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ivan G. Shabalin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Wladek Minor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lewiński
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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