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Nazir MS, Ahmad M, Aslam S, Rafiq A, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. A Comprehensive Update of Anti-COVID-19 Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1547-1571. [PMID: 38737333 PMCID: PMC11088867 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s450499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most considerable health problems across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the major causative agent of COVID-19. The severe symptoms of this deadly disease include shortness of breath, fever, cough, loss of smell, and a broad spectrum of other health issues such as diarrhea, pneumonia, bronchitis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Currently, there are no medications available for coronavirus patients, except symptom-relieving drugs. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 requires the development of effective drugs and specific treatments. Heterocycles are important constituents of more than 85% of the physiologically active pharmaceutical drugs on the market now. Several FDA-approved drugs have been reported including molnupiravir, remdesivir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine for the cure of COVID-19. In this study, we discuss potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 heterocyclic compounds that have been synthesized over the past few years. These compounds included; indole, piperidine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, piperazine, quinazoline, oxazole, quinoline, isoxazole, thiazole, quinoxaline, pyrazole, azafluorene, imidazole, thiadiazole, triazole, coumarin, chromene, and benzodioxole. Both in vitro and in silico studies were performed to determine the potential of these heterocyclic compounds in the fight against various SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Rafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Elgemeie GH, Fathy NM, Shaarawi SI. Naphthyl cyanoketene N, S-acetals in glycoside synthesis: a new preparative route to a new class of N-naphthylcyanoacrylamide thioglycosides and their conversions to naphthyl-pyrazole hybrids. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38265284 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2305247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The novel N-naphthylcyanoacrylamide thioglycosides 4 were readily prepared by the reaction of N-napthylcyanoacetamide 1 with aryl isothiocyanates in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by coupling of the produced salts 2 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides 3. The N-naphthyl acrylamide thioglycoside 12 was prepared by the reaction of N-napthylcyanoacetamide 1 with glucose isothiocyante 10 in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by alkylation of the produced salt 11 with methyl iodide. The reaction of thioglycoside compounds 4 with hydrazines afforded the corresponding naphthyl-pyrazole hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal H Elgemeie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed M Fathy
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Singh K, Sharma S, Tyagi R, Sagar R. Recent progress in the synthesis of natural product inspired bioactive glycohybrids. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108975. [PMID: 37871479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a basic structural component that are indispensable to all cellular processes. In addition to being employed as chiral starting materials in the synthesis of a variety of natural products, carbohydrates are recognized as naturally occurring molecules having an enormous variety of functional, stereochemical, and structural properties. The understanding and biological roles of carbohydrate derived molecules can be greatly improved by selectively synthesizing functional carbohydrates through incorporating them with privileged scaffolds. For a deeper understanding of their roles and the development of functional materials based on sugar, it is crucial to develop new techniques for efficiently synthesizing, functionalizing, and modifying carbohydrates. Glycohybrids have a wide range of structural and functional characteristics along with protein-carbohydrate interactions that are crucial to mammalian biology and a number of disease states. This review, consisting the literature from January 2017 to July 2023 and provide an overview of recent developments in the chemical synthesis of glycohybrids based on natural product scaffolds of coumarin, quinolone, naphthalene diimide, indole, isatin, naphthoquinone, imidazole and pyrimidine. The biological activity of active glycohybrids are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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4
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Badran MM, Abbas SH, Fujita M, Abdel-Aziz M. Harnessing pyrimidine as a building block for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300208. [PMID: 37462396 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are well-established multifaceted bioactive agents against tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. Pyrimidine and its fused and substituted derivatives were employed as a surface recognition moiety of HDAC inhibitors. De facto, the literature was loaded with different success stories of pyrimidine-based HDAC inhibitors that garnered much interest. Provoked by our continuous interest in HDAC inhibitors, we summarized and elaborated on the successful harnessing of the pyrimidine scaffold in this regard. Furthermore, we dissect our perspective that may guide medicinal chemists for an effective future design of more active chemotherapeutic agents with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Badran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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5
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Bielski R, Mencer D. New syntheses of thiosaccharides utilizing substitution reactions. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108915. [PMID: 37597327 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel synthetic methods published since 2005 affording carbohydrates containing sulfur atom(s) are reviewed. The review is divided to subchapters based on the position of sulfur atom(s) in the sugar molecule. Only those methods that take advantage of substitution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bielski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, United States; Chemventive, LLC Chadds Ford, PA, 19317, United States.
| | - Donald Mencer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, United States.
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6
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Vishwanath D, Shete-Aich A, Honnegowda MB, Anand MP, Chidambaram SB, Sapkal G, Basappa B, Yadav PD. Discovery of Hybrid Thiouracil-Coumarin Conjugates as Potential Novel Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents Targeting the Virus's Polymerase "RdRp" as a Confirmed Interacting Biomolecule. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27056-27066. [PMID: 37546653 PMCID: PMC10398856 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, along with its various strains, has emerged as a global health crisis that has severely affected humankind and posed a great challenge to the public health system of affected countries. The replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mainly depends on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a key enzyme that is involved in RNA synthesis. In this regard, we designed, synthesized, and characterized hybrid thiouracil and coumarin conjugates (HTCAs) by ether linkage, which were found to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. Our in vitro real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) results confirmed that compounds such as 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5i inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of 14.3 ± 0.14, 6.59 ± 0.28, 86.3 ± 1.45, and 124 ± 2.38 μM, respectively. Also, compound 5d displayed significant antiviral activity against human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). In addition, some of the HTCAs reduced the replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants such as D614G and B.617.2. In parallel, HTCAs in uninfected Vero CCL-81 cells indicated that no cytotoxicity was noticed. Furthermore, we compared the in silico interaction of lead compounds 5d and 5e toward the cocrystal structure of Suramin and RdRp polymerase with Remdesvir triphosphate, which showed that compounds 5d, 5e, and Remdesvir triphosphate (RTP) share a common catalytical site of RdRp but not Suramin. Additionally, the in silico ADMET properties predicted for the lead HTCAs and RTP showed that the maximum therapeutic doses recommended for compounds 5d and 5e were comparable to those of RTP. Concurrently, the pharmacokinetics of 5d was characterized in male Wistar Albino rats by administering a single oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg, which gave a Cmax value of 0.22 μg/mL and a terminal elimination half-life period of 73.30 h. In conclusion, we established a new chemical entity that acts as a SARS-CoV-2 viral inhibitor with minimal or no toxicity to host cells in the rodent model, encouraging us to proceed with preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Anita Shete-Aich
- Indian
Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV), Pune, Maharashtra411021, India
| | | | - Mahesh Padukudru Anand
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Gajanan Sapkal
- Indian
Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV), Pune, Maharashtra411021, India
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Pragya D. Yadav
- Indian
Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV), Pune, Maharashtra411021, India
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7
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Ahmed EA, Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA. Synthesis of new sulfapyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2175694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebtsam A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal H. Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Novel hit of DPP-4Is as promising antihyperglycemic agents with dual antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects for type 2 diabetes with/without COVID-19. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106092. [PMID: 35985159 PMCID: PMC9364673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DPP-4Is are well recognized therapy for type 2 diabetes. In spite of sharing a common mode of action, the chemical diversity among members of DPP-4Is raised the question whether structural differences may result in distinguished activities. DPP-4Is were recently explored as drug repurposing means for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 due to the urgent need for small molecule drugs for controlling infections. The use of DPP-4Is was not correlated with adverse COVID-19-related consequences among patients with type 2 diabetes. Inspired by these reasons and the importance of pyrimidinone ring as DPP-4I with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, we succeeded to prepare some novel pyrimidinone and thio-pyrimidinone derivatives, which were then screened for their antidiabetic activity and DPP-4 inhibition. In addition, their anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were also tested.
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9
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Azzam R, Gad NM, Elgemeie GH. Novel Thiophene Thioglycosides Substituted with the Benzothiazole Moiety: Synthesis, Characterization, Antiviral and Anticancer Evaluations, and NS3/4A and USP7 Enzyme Inhibitions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35656-35667. [PMID: 36249371 PMCID: PMC9557897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel derivatives of benzothiazole-2-thiophene S-glycoside were synthesized and tested for their antiviral and anticancer potency and NS3/4A and USP7 enzyme inhibitions. The ring system was formed by first synthesizing new derivatives of 5-mercaptothiophene substituted with the benzothiazole moiety, followed by coupling with various halo sugar derivatives. New compounds were tested in vitro for the cytotoxic effect on five types of normal cell lines and for antiviral activity using a plaque reduction assay against CBV4, HSV-1, HCVcc genotype 4 viruses, HAV HM 175, and HAdV7. Notably, three compounds demonstrated substantial IC50, CC50, and SI values against HSV-1 with a viral reduction of 80% or more. Two substances have demonstrated a reduction of more than 50% in CBV4 and HCVcc viruses. The effectiveness of the compounds against HSV-1 and HCVcc was tested for their capability to inhibit NS3/4A protease and USP7 enzyme. Additionally, a panel of 60 human cancer cells was used to investigate the ability of the newly synthesized compounds to inhibit the in vitro tumor growth. The results revealed that two compounds, 6a and 6c, have an inhibitory effect on most cancer types, whereas 6d and 6f inhibited only three and two cell lines, respectively.
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10
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Synthesis, bioactivity and preliminary mechanism of action of novel trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Synthesis and In Silico Docking Study towards M-Pro of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from Pyrazolopyrimidinone as Putative SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165303. [PMID: 36014537 PMCID: PMC9416631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to vaccines, antiviral drugs are essential in order to suppress COVID-19. Although some inhibitor candidates have been determined to target the SARS-CoV-2 protein, there is still an urgent need to continue researching novel inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease 'Omicron P132H', a protein that has recently been discovered. In the present study, in the search for therapeutic alternatives to treat COVID-19 and its recent variants, we conducted a structure-based virtual screening using docking studies for a new series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one derivatives 5-13, which were synthesized from the condensation reaction of pyrazolopyrimidinone-hydrazide (4) with a series of electrophiles. Some significant ADMET predictions-in addition to the docking results-were obtained based on the types of interactions formed and the binding energy values were compared to the reference anti- SARS-CoV-2 redocked drug nirmatrelvir.
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12
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Liu C, Fei Q, Pan N, Wu W. Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Novel 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-c]trifluoromethylpyrimidine Derivatives Bearing the Thioether Moiety. Front Chem 2022; 10:939644. [PMID: 35928214 PMCID: PMC9344801 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.939644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop disease caused by fungi seriously affected food security and economic development. Inspired by the utilization of fungicide containing 1,2,4-triazole and trifluoromethylpyrimidine, a novel series of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives bearing the thioether moiety were synthesized. Meanwhile, the antifungal activities of the title compounds were evaluated and most compounds exhibited obvious antifungal activities against cucumber Botrytis cinerea, strawberry Botrytis cinerea, tobacco Botrytis cinerea, blueberry Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, and Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Among the compounds, 4, 5h, 5o, and 5r showed significant antifungal activities against three of the four Botrytis cinerea, which indicated the potential to become the leading structures or candidates for resistance to Botrytis cinerea.
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13
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Lan W, Tang X, Yu J, Fei Q, Wu W, Li P, Luo H. Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivities of Novel Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidine Derivatives Bearing an Amide Moiety. Front Chem 2022; 10:952679. [PMID: 35910720 PMCID: PMC9334529 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.952679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-three novel trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives containing an amide moiety were designed and synthesized through four-step reactions and evaluated for their antifungal, insecticidal, and anticancer properties. Bioassay results indicated that some of the title compounds exhibited good in vitro antifungal activities against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), Phompsis sp., Botrytis cinereal (B. cinerea), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides), Pyricutaria oryzae (P. oryzae), and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) at 50 μg/ml. Meanwhile, the synthesized compounds showed moderate insecticidal activities against Mythimna separata (M. separata) and Spdoptera frugiperda (S. frugiperda) at 500 μg/ml, which were lower than those of chlorantraniliprole. In addition, the synthesized compounds indicated certain anticancer activities against PC3, K562, Hela, and A549 at 5 μg/ml, which were lower than those of doxorubicin. Notably, this work is the first report on the antifungal, insecticidal, and anticancer activities of trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives bearing an amide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Lan
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenneng Wu
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenneng Wu, ; Pei Li, ; Heng Luo,
| | - Pei Li
- Qiandongnan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of National Medicine, Kaili University, Kaili, China
- *Correspondence: Wenneng Wu, ; Pei Li, ; Heng Luo,
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenneng Wu, ; Pei Li, ; Heng Luo,
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14
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Shu Y, Chen M, Lu D, Zhou Z, Yu J, Hu X, Yang J, Li A, Liu J, Luo H. Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel Galactoside Derivatives Containing 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moiety. Front Chem 2022; 10:910710. [PMID: 35665058 PMCID: PMC9160659 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.910710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel galactoside derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety were synthesized, and the structure of them was verified by spectroscopy of NMR and HRMS, and antifungal and antibacterial activities of them were screened. The results showed that the newly synthesized compounds had good antifungal activities. Among them, Ⅲ16, Ⅲ17, and Ⅲ19 exhibited satisfactory activities against Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), with EC50 values of 5.87, 4.98, and 6.17 μg/ml, respectively, which were similar to those of dimethomorph (5.52 μg/ml). Meanwhile, the title compounds also possessed certain antibacterial activities.
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15
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Alotaibi SH, Amer HH, Touil N, Abdel-Moneim AS, Soliman MM, Zaki YH. Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking of New Nucleosides and Schiff Bases Derived from Ampyrone as Antiviral Agents to Contain the COVID-19 Virus. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2045329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad H. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada H. Amer
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Touil
- Genomic Center for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Unité de Culture Cellulaire, CVMIT, HMI Med V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
- Microbiology Department, Virology Division, College of Medicine, Taif University, Turabah, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Soliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser H. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanity Studies at Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Algethami FK, Cherif M, Jlizi S, Ben Hamadi N, Romdhane A, Elamin MR, Alghamdi MA, Ben Jannet H. Design, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and In Silico Prediction Study of Novel Isoxazole Linked Pyranopyrimidinone Conjugates as New Targets for Searching Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206103. [PMID: 34684683 PMCID: PMC8537412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel naphthopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-11(12H)-one containing isoxazole nucleus 4 was synthesized under microwave irradiation and classical conditions in moderate to excellent yields upon 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction using various arylnitrile oxides under copper(I) catalyst. A one-pot, three-component reaction, N-propargylation and Dimroth rearrangement were used as the key steps for the preparation of the dipolarophiles3. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS-ES means. The present study aims to also predict the theoretical assembly of the COVID-19 protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) and to discover in advance whether this protein can be targeted by the compounds 4a–1 and thus be synthesized. The docking scores of these compounds were compared to those of the co-crystallized native ligand inhibitor (N3) which was used as a reference standard. The results showed that all the synthesized compounds (4a–l) gave interesting binding scores compared to those of N3 inhibitor. It was found that compounds 4a, 4e and 4i achieved greatly similar binding scores and modes of interaction than N3, indicating promising affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. On the other hand, the derivatives 4k, 4h and 4j showed binding energy scores (−8.9, −8.5 and −8.4 kcal/mol, respectively) higher than the Mpro N3 inhibitor (−7.0 kcal/mol), revealing, in their turn, a strong interaction with the target protease, although their interactions were not entirely comparable to that of the reference N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K. Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.A.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Maher Cherif
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Salma Jlizi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Naoufel Ben Hamadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Anis Romdhane
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Mohamed R. Elamin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mashael A. Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.A.); (H.B.J.)
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17
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Mahgoub S, Kotb El-Sayed MI, El-Shehry MF, Mohamed Awad S, Mansour YE, Fatahala SS. Synthesis of novel calcium channel blockers with ACE2 inhibition and dual antihypertensive/anti-inflammatory effects: A possible therapeutic tool for COVID-19. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105272. [PMID: 34474305 PMCID: PMC8403975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has been recognized as one of the most frequent comorbidities and risk factors for the seriousness and adverse consequences in COVID-19 patients. 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H) ones have attracted researchers to be synthesized via Beginilli reaction and evaluate their antihypertensive activities as bioisosteres of nifedipine a well-known calcium channel blocker. In this study, we report synthesis of some bioisosteres of pyrimidines as novel CCBs with potential ACE2 inhibitory effect as antihypertensive agents with protective effect against COVID-19 infection by suppression of ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD. All compounds were evaluated for their antihypertensive and calcium channel blocking activities using nifedipine as a reference standard. Furthermore, they were screened for their ACE2 inhibition potential in addition to their anti‐inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated THP‐1 cells. Most of the tested compounds exhibited significant antihypertensive activity, where compounds 7a, 8a and 9a exhibited the highest activity compared to nifedipine. Moreover, compounds 4a,b, 5a,b, 7a,b, 8a,c and 9a showed promising ACE2:SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD inhibitory effect. Finally, compounds 5a, 7b and 9a exerted a promising anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of CRP and IL-6 production. Ultimately, compound 9a may be a promising antihypertensive candidate with anti-inflammatory and potential efficacy against COVID-19 via ACE2 receptor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda Mahgoub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed-I Kotb El-Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F El-Shehry
- Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, P.O. Box, 12622 Dokki, Egypt
| | - Samir Mohamed Awad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, P.O. Box, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yara E Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, P.O. Box, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Fatahala
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, P.O. Box, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
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