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Muneeswaran ZP, Teoman B, Wang Y, Chaudhry H, Brinzari TV, Verma G, Ranasinghe L, Kaler KR, Huang X, He X, Thomas B, Xu S, Cheng CY, Boyd JM, Chen D, Hao Z, Ma S, Asefa T, Pan L, Dubovoy V. Novel anionic surfactant-modified chlorhexidine and its potent antimicrobial properties. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2670-2677. [PMID: 38224288 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02559d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Chlorhexidine dodecyl sulfate (CHX-DS) was synthesized and characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The solid-state structure, comprising a 1 : 2 stoichiometric ratio of chlorhexidine cations [C22H30Cl2N10]2+ to dodecyl sulfate anions [C12H25SO4]-, is the first report of chlorhexidine isolated with a surfactant. CHX-DS exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and demonstrates superior efficacy for reducing bacteria-generated volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) as compared to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CHX-DS were 7.5, 2.5, 2.5, and 10 μM for S. enterica, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. mutans, respectively. Furthermore, MIC assays for E. coli and S. mutans demonstrate that CHX-DS and CHX exhibit a statistically significant efficacy enhancement in 2.5 μM treatment as compared to CHG. CHX-DS was incorporated into SBA-15, a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) framework, and its release was qualitatively measured via UV-vis in aqueous media, which suggests its potential as an advanced functional material for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilma Pereira Muneeswaran
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Baran Teoman
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Haroon Chaudhry
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Tatiana V Brinzari
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W. Mulberry Street, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Lomaani Ranasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Kylie Ryan Kaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 338 Qingnian Road, Economic Development Zone, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Xing He
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 338 Qingnian Road, Economic Development Zone, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Belvin Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Shiyou Xu
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Dailin Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 338 Qingnian Road, Economic Development Zone, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Zhigang Hao
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W. Mulberry Street, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Tewodros Asefa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Viktor Dubovoy
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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